• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 1985

1. Alfalfa의 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 채취시기가 경과함에 따라 1회(回) 19.64%에서 4회(回) 12.37%로 낮아졌으며, 조섬유, CWC, Cellulose도 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. Orchard grass도 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 1회(回) 13.79%에서 2,3회(回) 12.97, 12.85%로 낮아졌으며 4회(回) 14.72%로 다소 상승하였다. 그밖에 조섬유, CWC는 채취시기가 진행됨에 따라 낮아졌으며 Cellulose는 시기에 다소 증가하였으나 그후 감소하였다. 2. Alfalfa와 Orchard grass의 DM과 Cellulose 소화율(消化率) Alfalfa의 채취시기별 DM 소화율은 1, 2, 3회(回) 51.80, 51.86, 52.92%로 별반 차이가 없었으나 4회(回) 59.52%로 가장 높았고 점차적으로 채취시기가 경과함으로써 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Cellulose 소화율은 3회(回) 시기에 감소하였다가 4회(回)에 약간 상승하였다. Orchard grass의 DM소화율은 1,2,3,4회(回)에 62.21, 66.10, 60.95, 66.32%로 2회(回) 채취초기에 소화율이 높아졌고 3회(回)에 다소 감소하였다가 4회(回)에 증가하였다. Cellulose 소화율은 Alfalfa와 마찬가지로 3회(回) 시기에 감소하였다가 4회(回)에 약간 상승하였다. 3. Alfalfa와 Orchard grass의 발효율(醱酵率) 및 발효속도(醱酵速度) 측정(測定) Alfalfa의 채취시기별로 볼 때 DM의 시간당 발효율은 1회(回)가 0.83%로 가장 높았으며 3, 4회(回)는 별반 차이가 없었다. 또한 Cellulose의 발효율(醱酵率)도 1회(回) 시간당(時間當) 1.29%로 가장 높았고 2,3회(回)에 감소하였다가 4회(回)에 다소 증가하였다. Orchard grass의 DM 소화속도(消化速度)는 1회(回)에서 4회(回) 1.42, 1.58, 1.60, 1.57%로 2.3회(回) 채취시에 빠른 경향을 보였으며 Cellulose는 2회(回)에 1.77%로 가장 높았다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2011

Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to a variety of complications and thus we have retrospectively studied to investigate problems of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study and the heart in the patients with type-II DM. Blood glucose and blood pressure levels were higher in DM group than in Non-DM group. We found that several latencies were delayed in motor conduction study of upper (median and ulnar nerve) and lower extremities (peroneal and tibial nerve), whereas amplitudes and NCVs were decreased in DM group compared with Non-DM group. Latencies of sensory conduction study in upper and lower extremities (sural nerve) were delayed, while amplitudes and NCVs were lower in DM group than in Non-DM group. Abnormal percent of the electrocardiogram was higher in DM group than in Non-DM group. This retrospective study suggests that type-II DM can cause a damage effect on the peripheral nerve and the heart function.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2019

Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

Supplementary feeding strategies were evaluated from pre-calving throughout lactation on 24 dual-purpose Mpwapwa breed cows in their second or greater lactation, weighing 246-455 kg. The Mpwapwa breed is an established breed of 4 Bos indicus breeds and 8% of Bos taurus. The cows were penned and stall-fed individually. Eight weeks before calving to eight weeks after calving, the cows were divided into two groups and offered hay ad libitum with either 2 kg DM (L) or 4 kg DM/day (H) concentrates. Nine weeks after calving half of the cows on L-level continued with 2 kg DM/day (L-L) while the remainder received 4 kg DM concentrate daily (L-H). Half of the cows on H-group continued with 4 kg DM/day (H-H) while the remainder received 2 kg DM/day (H-L). The concentrate mixture comprised of sunflower seed cake (33%) and maize bran (67%). The cows consumed all the concentrate offered. Hay DM intake was similar (6.8 kg/day) and tended to decrease the last two weeks before calving increased again after calving. Live weight change and body condition score were similar across treatments before calving but differed after calving (p<0.05). Heavier cows with higher condition score pre-calving had a higher body weight loss and regained weight later. After treatment reallocation, live weight change and condition differed between treatments (p<0.05). Calves were allowed to suckle milk from one quarter. The amount of milk suckled and calf weight gains were not significantly different between treatments. The cows were removed from the experiment when the milk yield was below 4 kg per day. Cows on treatment H produced 6.2 kg and on treatment L 5.0 kg saleable milk/day (p<0.05) during the first 8 weeks post partum. During the period 9-18 weeks post partum the saleable daily milk on H-H, L-H, H-L and L-L were 5.2, 4.8, 4.7 and 4.3 kg, respectively (p>0.05).

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

Objectives: We investigated the effects of Clean-DM4 (C-DM4), a polyherbal extract consisting of Coptidis Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhiza Radix, and Cinnamomi Cortex on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then administrated with C-DM4 extract at 500 mg/kg (p.o.) once daily for 4 weeks. The changes of body weights, calorie intakes, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured in mice. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in mice by enzyme-based assay. It was also observed the histological changes of pancreas, liver, and fat tissues with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The increase of calorie intakes and FBG levels in HFD-induced obesity mice was significantly decreased by oral administration of C-DM4 extract. C-DM4 extract administration was significantly reduced the increased levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, AST, and ALT in obesity mice. In addition, C-DM4 extract inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissues of obesity mice, hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, and enlargement of adipocytes in adipose tissues. Conclusions: Our study indicates that C-DM4 extract could help improve obesity and to prevent diabetes progression.

• 프린팅코리아
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.128-131
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• 2013

평균 3.4%인 오프라인 DM의 응답률은 앞으로 더욱 낮아질 수 있지만 하이테크로 무장한 각종 디지털 채널을 통한 마케팅 활동과 비교하면 여전히 높은 수준이다. 그렇지만 DM에 대한 ROI(투자수익률)의 가시적인 성과에 대해서도 차분히 따져볼 필요가 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.901-907
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin o n free radical generation system and peroxidative damage in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Spragu-Dawley male rats weighing 150$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; diabetic groups were classified to catechin free diet(DM-oC group), 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group) and 1% catechin diet(DM-1C group) according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of body wt of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after feeding of three experimental diet for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GPT) in DM-oC groups were higher than those of the normal group, and those in catechin supplementation group were similar to those of the normal group. Liver lipid peroxide values increased by 153%, 49%, and 27% in Dm-oC, DM-0.5C and DM-0C and Dm-1C but was not significantly different in catechin supplementation groups compared with the normal group, and liver cytochrome $P_{450}$ contents was similar to result of XOD activity. In electron microscopic examination of liver, lysosome was relatively scattered in Dm-oC and Dm-0.5C group and preserved normal shapes in DM-1C group. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation process, but this was reduced by anti-oxidative effect of high level of dietary catechin. It is concluded that dietary catechin serves as powerful antioxidant against lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1691-1698
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• 2000

An in situ digestion trial (Experiment 1) and a lactation trial (Experiment 2) were conducted to determine the effects of replacing corn and wheat bran with soyhulls (SH) in lactating dairy cow diets on the extent and kinetics of digestion of DM and NDF, and lactation performance. In experiment 1, five mixed feeds consisting of mixed concentrate and roughages (50:50 on a DM basis) were formulated on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic bases to produce five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of SH replacement for corn and wheat bran. SH had high in situ digestion (92 and 89% for potentially digestible DM and NDF) and fairly fast digestion rate (7.2 and 6.3 %/h for DM and NDF). Increasing level of SH replacement resulted in increased NDF digestibility (linear, p=0.001-0.04) and similar DM digestibility (beyond 12 h incubation, p=0.10-0.41). As level of SH replacement increased, percentage of slowly digestible fraction (b) of DM increased (linear, p=0.03), percentage of rapidly digestible fraction (a) of DM tended to decrease (linear, p=0.14), and DM digestion lag time tended to be longer (linear, p=0.13). Percentage of potentially digestible fraction (a+b) and digestion rate (c) of slowly digestible fraction of dietary DM remained unaltered (p=0.36-0.90) with increasing SH in the diet. Increasing level of SH for replacing corn and wheat bran in the diet resulted in increases in percentages of b (quadratic, p<0.001), a (linear, p=0.08), a+b (quadratic, p=0.001) and a tendency to increase in c for NDF (linear, p<0.19). It was also observed that there was a satisfactory fit of a non-linear regression model to NDF digestion data ($R^2=0.986-0.998$), but a relatively poor fit of the model to DM digestion data ($R^2=0.915-0.968$). In experiment 2, 42 lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. SH replaced corn and wheat bran in mixed concentrates at 0, 25, and 50%, respectively. These mixed concentrates were mixed with roughages and fed ad libitum as complete diets. Replacing corn and wheat bran with SH at 0, 25 and 50% levels did not influence (p=0.56-0.95) DM intakes (18.4, 18.6, and 18.5 kg/d), milk yields (27.7, 28.4 and 27.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected-milk (FCM) yields (26.2, 27.6, and 27.3 kg/d) and percentages of milk protein (3.12, 3.17 and 3.18%), milk lactose (4.69, 4.76 and 4.68%) and SNF (8.50, 8.64, and 8.54%). On the other hand, milk fat percentges linearly increased (3.63, 3.85 and 3.90% for SH replacement rates of 0, 25 and 50% in the diet, p=0.08), while feed costs per kg FCM production were reduced.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2008

홍삼과 보이차, 노팔선인장을 소재로 하여 체중조절효과가 우수하고 부작용이 없는 최적의 원료와 적정 섭취 농도를 설정하고자 홍삼, 보이차, 노팔선인장 혼합소재(DM1) 및 홍삼, 보이차 혼합소재(DM2)를 고지방식이로 8주간 비만을 유도한 수컷 흰쥐에게 100, 300, 500 mg/kg의 농도로 8주간 투여하면서 체중, 혈중 지질 분석, 복부 및 기타지방 조직, 비만에 관련된 몇 가지 생화학적 지표를 조사하였고, 간 기능과 신장 기능, 조혈 기능을 나타내는 생화학적 지표를 조사하였다. 체중은 고지방식이군에 비하여 DM1 투여군에서 $77.1{\sim}51.8%$, DM2 투여군에서 $64.7{\sim}16.1%$ 수준으로 증가하였다. 중성 지질의 농도는 DM1 투여군에서 고지방 식이군의 $84{\sim}54%$, DM2 투여군에서 $62{\sim}58%$의 수준을 나타내었다. 혈청 렙틴의 농도는 DM2 투여군에서 농도 의존적으로 감소하여 고지방식이군의 $82.8{\sim}66.9%$로 감소되었다. 혈중 인슐린의 농도는 DM1 투여군에서 고지방식이군의 $66.8{\sim}65.1%$, DM2 투여군에서 $66.7{\sim}62.5%$의 수준이었으며 1% 수준에서 통계적인 유의성을 나타내었다. 부고환 주위 지방(좌/우), 내장지방, 신장주위 지방의 무게는 DM1 500 mg/kg과 DM2 300, 500 mg/kg 투여에서 1% 수준에서 통계적으로 유의적인 감소를 나타내었고 DM2는 정상식이군의 수준으로까지 감소되는 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 간 조직내 지질침착도는 DM2 500 mg/kg 투여군에서는 감소하였다(p<0.05). 간과 신장의 이상 유무를 판단할 수 있는 AST, ALT 및 ALP, T-BIL, BUN 및 WBC 수치는 시험물질 섭취군에서 고지방식이군에 비하여 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았고 RBC는 DM2 500 mg/kg 투여군에서 다소 증가하였고 다른 시험군에서는 큰 변화가 없어서 부작용이 없음을 확인하였다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합해 보면 홍삼과 보이차, 노팔선 인장을 소재로 한 DM1과 DM2 복합 소재는 항비만 효과가 우수하고 부작용이 없었으며, 홍삼과 보이차를 혼합한 DM2의 효과가 더 우수하였으며, 적정 섭취 농도는 DM1은 500 mg/kg, DM2는 $300{\sim}500mg/kg$인 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2023

Objective: To compare the outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening combined with ultrasound (US) with those of digital mammography (DM) combined with US in women with dense breasts. Materials and Methods: A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women with dense breasts who underwent breast cancer screening with DBT or DM and whole-breast US simultaneously between June 2016 and July 2019. Women who underwent DBT + US (DBT cohort) and DM + US (DM cohort) were matched using 1:2 ratio according to mammographic density, age, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, and a family history of breast cancer. The cancer detection rate (CDR) per 1000 screening examinations, abnormal interpretation rate (AIR), sensitivity, and specificity were compared. Results: A total of 863 women in the DBT cohort were matched with 1726 women in the DM cohort (median age, 53 years; interquartile range, 40-78 years) and 26 breast cancers (9 in the DBT cohort and 17 in the DM cohort) were identified. The DBT and DM cohorts showed comparable CDR (10.4 [9 of 863; 95% confidence interval {CI}: 4.8-19.7] vs. 9.8 [17 of 1726; 95% CI: 5.7-15.7] per 1000 examinations, respectively; P = 0.889). DBT cohort showed a higher AIR than the DM cohort (31.6% [273 of 863; 95% CI: 28.5%-34.9%] vs. 22.4% [387 of 1726; 95% CI: 20.5%-24.5%]; P < 0.001). The sensitivity for both cohorts was 100%. In women with negative findings on DBT or DM, supplemental US yielded similar CDRs in both DBT and DM cohorts (4.0 vs. 3.3 per 1000 examinations, respectively; P = 0.803) and higher AIR in the DBT cohort (24.8% [188 of 758; 95% CI: 21.8%-28.0%] vs. 16.9% [257 of 1516; 95% CI: 15.1%-18.9%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: DBT screening combined with US showed comparable CDR but lower specificity than DM screening combined with US in women with dense breasts.