• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.771-781
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• 1997

In order to solve the problem of uncovered background region due to the region-due to the region-based motion estimation, this paper presents a new method which generates the uncovered region memory using motion estimation and shows the application of the algorithm for very low bit rate video coding. The proposed algorithm can be briefly described as follows it detects the changed region by using the information of FD(frame difference) and segmentation, and then as for only that region the backward motion estimation without transmission of shape information is done. Therefore, from only motion information the uncovered background region memory is generated and updated. The contents stored in the uncovered background region memory are referred whenever the uncovered region comes into existence. The regions with large prediction error are transformed and coded by using DCT. As results of simulation, the proposed algorithm shows the superior improvement in the subjective and objective image quality due to the remarkable reduction of transmission bits for prediction error.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1017-1021
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• 2005

현대에 있어서 영상정보는 아주 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 영상정보를 얼마나 빨리 그리고 많이 압축 시킬 수 있는가가 핵심적인 관건이다. 본 논문에서는 공간적 압축 방식의 핵심인 DCT와 비교하여 블록킹 효과(Blocking Effect)과 없고, 우수한 압축 성능을 갖는 DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform)알고리즘을 적용한 2차원 이산 웨이브렛 변환 필터를 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 구현한 DWT 필터는 FIR필터 방법으로 설계하였으며, Daubenchies-4 Tap을 이용하였고, 파이프라인 연산으로 승산기, 가산기를 병렬로 처리하여 고속연산을 수행하였다. 뿐만 아니라 메모리 맵핑 과정과 메모리 컨트롤 어드레스 발생기를 사용하여 메모리와 연산량을 최소화 하여 칩사이즈를 줄여 설계하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.822-833
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• 1996

The video coding for very low bit rate has recently received considerable attention, but conventional block based transform coding schemes suffer from the blocking effect for the constraints of bit rates. In this paper, we present a video coding sysem suing multi-resolution motion estimation/compensation with variable size block(VMRME/C) and multi-resolution vector quantization(MRVQ) in wavelet transform domain for very low bit rate coding. It is shown that the presented scheme has better performance in the peak signal-to-nose ratio(RSNR) by 0.2-0.6 dB as well as subjective quality than that of conventional block based transform video coding techniques(especially, H. 263 which is DCT based video coding).

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.166-180
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• 1998

$\cdot$ 영상 압축은 영상의 통계학적 분포, 반복성을 이용하여 빈도가 높은 데이터는 적은 수의 bits를, 빈도가 낮은 데이터에는 보다 많은 수의 bits를 할당하여 전체 영상을 나타내는 bits 수를 줄이는 것임. $\cdot$ 영상 압축은 크게 Lossy Coding, Lossless Coding으로 나뉘며, Lossy coding은 DCT, 양자화기, VLC Codes를 쓰며 압축 율은 높으나 원래의 영상을 정확히 복원하지 못함. $\cdot$ 영상 압축에 대한 국제 규격 협회는 JPEG, MPEG I, MPEG II, MPEG IV, H.261, H.263 등이 있으나 본 seminar에서는 JPEG 규격만 논함. $\cdot$ 의학 영상은 Resolution이 크고 study 단위로 관리되기 때문에 영상 데이터량이 많으나 진단의 목적으로 쓰이기 때문에 주로 lossless 압축을 쓰게 되나 압축율이 낮음.(3:1 이하). 최근에는 Fractal, Wavelet Coding을 통한 압축율을 증가 시키는 Image Compression Algorithms이 활용됨. $\cdot$ MPEG은 동영상의 압축 표준안이며, 동영상은 한frame 당 25개 이상의 정지 화상으로 이루어지기 때문에 JPEG 규격에서 사용되었던 기법이 그대로 활용되며 영상과 영상간, 또는 frame과 frame 간의 여상의 변화, 움직임을 Vector로 coding하는 interframe Coding 기법을 활용하나 설명하기에는 광범위한 topic이므로 본 seminar에서는 생략함.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2006

A system realization for real time DVR system with robust video watermarking algorithm against is attacked various is presented in this paper. The main system is composed of DSP processor and robust video watermarking to be processed at real time on image data and algorithm of the DVR system. The experimental result shows that the processing time takes about 2.5ms on the D1 size image per frame.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2681-2683
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• 2001

최근 인터넷과 컴퓨터의 보급 확대로 디지털 매체의 수요가 늘어나면서 불법복제의 증가로 디지털정보에 대한 저작권 보호가 큰 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이를 위한 디지털 매체의 소유권을 주장하는 방법 중에 하나가 워터마크를 삽입하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 원본 이미지를 DCT 변환하여 DC 성분에 modulus 연산을 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입하는 알고리즘을 제시하였고, 강인성에 영향을 주는 파라미터 값을 최적화하였다. 새로운 알고리즘은 삽입한 워터마크를 추출할 때 원본이미지가 필요치 않은 blind 워터마킹 방법이며, 워터마크를 삽입할 때 사용된 key값만을 가지고 삽입된 워터마크를 추출한다. 본 알고리즘을 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입한 이미지에 JPEG압축, clipping, noise 삽입, resize 등의 4가지 공격을 가하였을 때 워터마크의 검출률이 90% 이상이 되는 강인성을 보였다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Steganography conceals the fact that hidden message is being sent on the internet. Steganalysis can be detected the abrupt changes in the statistics of a stego-data. After message embedding, I have analyzed for the statistical significance of the fact the occurrence of differences among the four-neighboring pixels. In this case, when a embedding messages within a images is small, use EC value and chi-square test to determine whether a distribution in an images matches a distribution that shows distortion from stego-data.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.61-72
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• 2022

Purpose: Conventional CBCT(Cone-beam Computed-tomography) caused an error in the target volume due to organ movement in the area affected by respiratory movement. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of accuracy and time spent using the Gated CBCT function, which reduces errors when performing RGRT(respiratory gated radiation therapy), and to examine the appropriateness of phase. Materials and methods: To evaluate the usefulness of Gated CBCT, the QUASAR^TM respiratory motion phantom was used in the Truebeam STx^TM. Using lead marker inserts, Gated CBCT was scaned 5 times for every 20~80% phase, 30~70% phase, and 40~60% phase to measure the blurring length of the lead marker, and the distance the lead marker moves from the top phase to the end of the phase was measured 5 times. Using Cedar Solid Tumor Inserts, 4DCT was scanned for every phase, 20-80%, 30-70%, and 40-60%, and the target volume was contoured and the length was measured five times in the axial direction (S-I direction). Result: In Gated CBCT scaned using lead marker inserts, the axial moving distance of the lead marker on average was measured to be 4.46cm in the full phase, 3.11cm in the 20-80% phase, 1.94cm in the 30-70% phase, 0.90cm in the 40-60% phase. In Fluoroscopy, the axial moving distance of the lead marker on average was 4.38cm and the distance on average from the top phase to the beam off phase was 3.342cm in the 20-80% phase, 3.342cm in the 30-70% phase, and 0.84cm in the 40-60% phase. Comparing the results, the difference in the full phase was 0.08cm, the 20~80% phase was 0.23cm, the 30~70% phase was 0.10cm, and the 40~60% phase was 0.07cm. The axial lengths of ITV(Internal Target Volume) and PTV(Planning Target Volume) contoured by 4DCT taken using cedar solid tumor inserts were measured to be 6.40cm and 7.40cm in the full phase, 4.96cm and 5.96cm in the 20~80% phase, 4.42cm and 5.42cm in the 30~70% phase, and 2.95cm and 3.95cm in the 40~60% phase. In the Gated CBCT, the axial lengths on average was measured to be 6.35 cm in the full phase, 5.25 cm in the 20-80% phase, 4.04 cm in the 30-70% phase, and 3.08 cm in the 40-60% phase. Comparing the results, it was confirmed that the error was within ±8.5% of ITV Conclusion: Conventional CBCT had a problem that errors occurred due to organ movement in areas affected by respiratory movement, but through this study, obtained an image similar to the target volume of the setting phase using Gated CBCT and verified its usefulness. However, as the setting phase decreases, the scan time was increases. Therefore, considering the scan time and the error in setting phase, It is recommended to apply it to patients with respiratory coordinated stereotactic radiation therapy using a wide phase of 30-70% or more.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2000

As the full-motion videos in MPEG are widely available nowadays, an editor that could easily edit such kind of media data is required to develop various multimedia applications. In order to concatenate and apply a transition effect to two video streams encoded in MPEG, they should be decoded first since there are dependencies in the frames in MPEG-encoded video stream. Since this decode-edit-encode process requires a huge amount of computing/storage resources, a new editing scheme that could apply various transition effects to MPEG video streams directly while keeping the quality of video data is strongly required. This paper proposes a new editing scheme that could apply three transition effects (such as fade-in, fade-out, and dissolve) to MPEG video streams in a compressed domain. In the proposed scheme, an extension of previous method in which the frames are partially decompressed and transition effects are applied is adopted for I- and P-frames. In addition, a new processing scheme for B-frame that could apply the transition effects in DCT domain directly using an approximation of motion compensation based on the motion vector to reference frames. Since this processing scheme could apply the transition effects in a compressed domain directly, the editing process could be speed-up about $3{\sim}4$ times faster than previous decode-edit-encoding method while keeping the quality of video data as good as the source data. The proposed scheme could be used to build a software-only MPEG video editing system that helps to edit MPEG video data even on a low-cost desk-top computer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

Due to the rapid development of network environment and wireless communication technology, the distribution of digital video has made easily and the importance of the protection for digital video has been increased. This paper proposes the digital video encryption system based on multiple chaos maps for MPEG-2 video encoding process. The proposed method generates secret hash key of having 128-bit characteristics from hash chain using Tent map as a basic block and generates $8{\times}8$ lattice cipher by applying this hash key to Logistic map and Henon map. The method can reduce the encryption overhead by doing selective XOR operations between $8{\times}8$ lattice cipher and some coefficient of low frequency in DCT block and it provides simple and randomness characteristic because it uses the architecture of combining chaos maps. Experimental results show that PSNR of the proposed method is less than or equal to 12 dB with respect to encrypted video, the time change ratio, compression ratio of the proposed method are 2%, 0.4%, respectively so that it provides good performance in visual security and can be applied in real time.