• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.693-700
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a wireless video transmission scheme, providing medium and long range communication in the 2.4GHz band with beamforming. With this scheme, it is shown that the transmission rate of 32Mbps and received signal power of -77dBm is achieved with 4 antennas of 5dBi and 16dBm transmit power at each antenna connection for the distance of 3.6km. The scheme also provides transmission distance of 20km for 10~12Mbps with the 4 omni-directional antennas of 5dBi.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.352-355
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• 2002

Mature embryos of five oat genotypes were cultured to develop an efficient method of callus induction and plant regeneration. Murashige and Skoog(MS) and N6 media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin were used for callus induction. Percentage of callus induction showed significant among the combinations of plant growth regulators. Callus induction showed high efficiency in medium containing 3 mg/$\ell$ of 2,4-D. The high frequency of callus induction was obtained in Gwiri37. For plant regeneration, calli induced from mature embryos were transferred onto MS and N6 media supplemented with combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 5 weeks. Percentage of plant regeneration showed high in MS medium containing 0.2 mg/$\ell$ of NAA and 1 mg/$\ell$ of BA. The callus initiation medium affected the subsequent plant regeneration. Treatment with 3 mg/$\ell$ of 2,4-D, and 3 mg/$\ell$ of 2,4-D and 3 mg/$\ell$ of kinetin in callus induction media showed high frequency for plant regeneration. Plant regeneration frequency among the genotypes showed significant. Especially, Gwiri37 showed high regeneration frequency. Regenerated shoots were treated with 200, 350 and 500 mg/$\ell$ of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) transferred onto half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. Treatment of shoots with IBA induced root formation rapidly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.466-470
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• 1987

Immature embryos of Hordeum spontaneum were cultured on B5 and CI medium (Cheng's modified MS) to induce callus formation. CI media containing lmg/$\ell$ and 2mg/$\ell$ 2,4-D were more effective than B5 medium with lmg/$\ell$ 2,4-D for the initiation of callus. Total 883 calli were induced from 1,060 immature embryos plated. Callus induction frequency was 83%. Calli were transferred to differentiation media after one subculture to regenerate plants. Forty six plants were regenerated from 608 calli. Seventeen plants were chlorophyll deficient. There was no significant difference for plant regeneration among genotypes and media effects in calli which had been induced from immature embryos of seven types of trisomies. The overall regeneration frequency was 7.6%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 1994

Attempts were made to regenerate plants from petiole explane of Forest Pimpinella barchycarpa via repetitive somatic embryogenesis. Effective induction of somatic emb교ogenesis was achieved on both MS and modified $B_{5}\;(mB_{5})$ media containing BA + 2,4-D or BA + 2,4-D + NAA under light condition (16-h photoperiod/day) cultures. The explants exposed to the ligt produced numerous somatic embryos while those kept under the dark did not form any on the same medium. Somatic embryos at different developmental stages were observed to arise within a individual explants. Plantlets could be regenerated on $mB_{5}$ basal medium or $mB_{5}$ containing 0.1 mg/L NAA Secondary adventive embryos were formed on the surface of the somatic embryos. Therefore, repetitive somatic embryogenesis could be achieved by secondary embryogenesis. Although the treatment of 2,4-D or NAA alone was effective in callus formation and growth, but not in induction of somatic embryogenesis. Some explants, cultured on NAA-containing media in darkness, produced only adventive roots. The embryogenic potential was maintained for two years when subcultured to BA and 2,4-D containing media with 5 weeks inteval. Regenerated plantlets were maintained on $mB_{5}$ or MS basal media for 4 to 6 more weeks and transferred to soil of an artificial mixture for acclimation. Most plantlets (more than 97%) survived, and grew without any deformity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.577-583
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• 2012

Objective: This paper describes the process and results related to the development of gesture recognition-based natural user interface(NUI) for vehicle maintenance e-Training system. Background: E-Training refers to education training that acquires and improves the necessary capabilities to perform tasks by using information and communication technology(simulation, 3D virtual reality, and augmented reality), device(PC, tablet, smartphone, and HMD), and environment(wired/wireless internet and cloud computing). Method: Palm movement from depth camera is used as a pointing device, where finger movement is extracted by using OpenCV library as a selection protocol. Results: The proposed NUI allows trainees to control objects, such as cars and engines, on a large screen through gesture recognition. In addition, it includes the learning environment to understand the procedure of either assemble or disassemble certain parts. Conclusion: Future works are related to the implementation of gesture recognition technology for a multiple number of trainees. Application: The results of this interface can be applied not only in e-Training system, but also in other systems, such as digital signage, tangible game, controlling 3D contents, etc.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2013

An S-band multifunction chip with a simple interface for an active phased array base station antenna for next-generation mobile communications is designed and fabricated using commercial 0.5-${\mu}m$ GaAs pHEMT technology. To reduce the cost of the module assembly and to reduce the number of chip interfaces for a compact transmit/receive module, a digital serial-to-parallel converter and an active bias circuit are integrated into the designed chip. The chip can be controlled and driven using only five interfaces. With 6-bit phase shifting and 6-bit attenuation, it provides a wideband performance employing a shunt-feedback technique for amplifiers. With a compact size of 16 $mm^2$ ($4mm{\times}4mm$), the proposed chip exhibits a gain of 26 dB, a P1dB of 12 dBm, and a noise figure of 3.5 dB over a wide frequency range of 1.8 GHz to 3.2 GHz.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.1 s.26
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• pp.22-30
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• 2005

We implement an interactive 3D audio broadcasting terminal which synthesizes an audio scene according to the request of a user. Audio scene structure is described by the MPEG-4 AudioBIFS specifications. The user updates scene attributes and the terminal synthesizes the corresponding sound images in the 3D space. The terminal supports the MPEG-4 Audio top nodes and some visual nodes. Instead of using sensor nodes and route elements, we predefine node type-specific user interfaces to support BIFS commands for field replacement. We employ sound spatialization, directivity/shape modeling, and reverberation effects for 3D audio rendering and realistic feedback to user inputs. We also introduce a virtual concert program as an application scenario of the interactive broadcasting terminal.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-231
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• 1987

For callus culture of leaves and internodal tissue of Quercus acutissirna Carr. and Quercus variabitisBL, MS and GD media were supplemented with combinations of different levels of growth substances such as NAA and BAP, NAA and kinetin, 2,4-D and BAP, and 2,4-D and kinetin. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The rates of formation and growth of callus were good on the GD medium supplemented with NAA and BAP, but the values were quite variable on the MS medium. Root formation occurred at the ratio of 1 : 10-100 in the concentrations of BAP and NAA. 2. The GD medium supplemented with the combination of NAA and kinetin showed 100% callus formation. The callus grew well on the other medium except for that with low concentration of NAA and kinetin. Most of roots were developed from leaf tissue cultured on GD media. 3. The GD medium supplemented with the combination of 2,4-D and BAP also showed 100% callus formation, and growth of callus was good on both of MS and GD media. In particular, the callus derived from internodal tissue showed. the most vigorous growth and reached above 22mm diameter, when they were cultured on MS media supplemented wi th the combinations of $10{\mu}M$ 2,4-D and $1.0{\mu}M$ BAP, and $10{\mu}M$ 2,4-D and $0.1{\mu}M$ BAP. 4. The GD medium supplemented with the combination of 2,4-D and kinetin showed high rate of callus formation, as compared with MS medium Callus grew well on both of MS and GD media.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2011

In this paper, a conflict-avoided resource reservation scheme for UWB (Ultra Wide Band) WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) with D-MAC (Distributed Medium Access Control) is proposed. Since distributed characteristic of the WiMedia D-MAC supporting DRP (Distributed Reservation Protocol) scheme may cause lots of conflicts, overall performances of the WiMedia D-MAC can be deteriorated. In addition, once a DRP conflict occurs, only one of the DRP reservations involved in that DRP conflict maintains the reserved MASs, while the other DRP reservation must be terminated and DRP negotiations for them have to be re-started. Such DRP termination and renegotiation time delays due to the DRP conflicts can be a critical problem to the mobile devices transceiving real-time QoS traffic streams. Therefore, we propose a mechanism to avoid DRP conflicts by providing a kind of path diversity using relay transmission scheme and demonstrate its performance improvements via simulation results.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

This study was conducted to establish mass propagation system from the tissue culture using immature embryos in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Immature embryos from seeds were removed under the microscope and placed on MS, $MSB_5\;and\;B_5$ medium containing several plant growth regulators. While the calli were well formed on media containing 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D, 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D and 0.7 mg/l of TDZ, shoot regeneration was better on MS medium with combinations of high concentrations of TDZ and low concentrations of 2, 4-D. Treatment of 2, 4-D alone was better than treatment of TDZ alone in callus induction, but plant regeneration was reversed. The results of callus formation and shoot regeneration on $MSB_5\;and\;B_5$ media were similar to those of MS media. The rate of callus formation was nearly 100% when 2, 4-D was added to $B_5$, medium on concentration of 2 mg/l or 0.7 mg/l. TDZ showed very significant effect on the formation of multiple shoots.