• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2007

Deinococcus radiodurans recA는 이 미생물의 방사선 저항성을 나타내는 표현형에 필수적이며 재조합성 DNA 수선 과정에 관여한다. 이 과정에서 RecA 단백질은DNA와 결합하여 반응의 활성 종인 RecA nucleoprotein 필라멘트를 형성한다. DNA-의존성 ATPase 활성과 함께, RecA 단배질의 외가닥 DNA 혹은 이중가닥 DNA와의 상호작용은 RecA 단백질이 관여하는 반응의 중심과정으로 이에 관한 분석을 시도하였다. D. radiodurans RecA 단배질은 DNA에 결합한 DNA-단백질 복합체만이 ATPase 활성을 나타내므로, ATP (혹은 dATP) 가수분해를 측정함으로써 RecA와 외가닥 DNA와의 상호작용 정도를 분석하였다. D. radiodurans RecA 단백질은 외가닥 DNA의 염기 구성의 이질성에 영향을 받았으며, homopolymer인 poly(dT)와의 상호작용에서 가장 높은 가수분해 활성을 보였다. Homopolymer인 합성 DNA-의존성 ATP 및 dATP의 가수분해는 pH 6.0과 9.0의 범위에서 다소 일정한속도로 일어났으며 최적 pH는 7.0과 7.5 사이였다. 외가닥 DNA-의존성 ATPase 활성은 염의 존재에 영향을 받아 KCl이 존재하면 다소 억제되나, K-glutamate가 존재하면 오히려 촉진되었다. RecA 단백질과 외가닥 DNA의 상호작용을 ATP 가수분해로 분석하였을 때 2 mM 이상의 magnesium 이온이 DNA 결합반응에 필요하였으며, 비교적 넓은 범위의 pH에서 외가닥 DNA와의 결합반응이 일어나며, 이러한 결합반응은 당량적인 비(1:3, RecA protein: DNA nucleotide)로 일어났다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complexes as well as other regulators. We isolated Kip-related protein 4 (KRP4) cDNA that encodes 289 amino acids including six conserved domains. To investigate the expression pattern of KRP4 as well as of other cell cycle-related genes associated with plant hormones, Arabidopsis seedlings were cultured on MS medium containing auxin or cytokinin. All seedlings treated with phytohormones displayed an increased proportion of cells in S phase. A higher proportion of cells in G2 phase was observed in seedlings treated with NAA. RT-PCR confirmed that the expression of KRP4 was decreased after treatment with phytohormones, and that CDKA and D-type cyclin transcription was increased. Additionally, mitotic cyclins were up-regulated by NAA treatment. These results suggest that KRP4 as well as other cell cycle-related genes might contribute to the control of plant growth in response to exogenous hormones.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1996

Secretion of surfactant phospholipid can be stimulated by a variety of agonists acting via at least three different signal transduction mechanisms. These include the adenylate cyclase system with activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase; activation of protein kinase C either directly or subsequent to activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and generation of diacylglycerols and inositol trisphosphate; and a third mechanism that involves incresed $Ca^{2+}$ levels and a calmodulin-dependent step. ATP stimulates secretion via all three mechanisms. The protein kinase C pathway is also coupled to phopholipase D which, acting on relatively abundant cellular phospholipids, generates diacylglycerols that further activate protein kinase C. Sustained protein kinase C activation can maintain phosphatidylcholine secretion for a prolonged period of time. It is likely that interactions between the different signaling pathways have an important role in the overall physiological regulation of surfactant secretion.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2003

The VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) Chinju which was previously detected in Chinju, Korea was cloned and sequenced to establish the information for the development of genetically engineered vaccines and diagnostic reagents against IBDV. The nucleotide sequence of the entire Chinju VP2 gene consisted of 1,356 bases long encoding 452 amino acids in a single open reading frame (ORF). It consisted of 368 adenine (27.1%), 363 cytosine (26.8%), 339 guanine (25.0%) and 286 thymine (21.1%) residues. The predicted $M_r$ of the Chinju VP2 protein was 48 kDa, and the protein contained 13 phosphorylation sites by protein kinase C, casein kinase II or tyrosine kinase, whereas 3 asparagine-linked glycosylation sites were recognized. The nucleotide sequence of Chinju VP2 ORF had a very close phylogenetic relationship with 98-99% homology to that of the very virulent IBDVs (vvIBDVs) HK46, OKYM, D6948, UK661, UPM97/61 and BD3/99. Also, the Chinju VP2 protein revealed a very close phylogenetic relationship with 99-100% homology to that of these vvIBDVs. The Chinju VP2 protein had 100% amino acid identity in the variable region of residues 206-360 with that of the D6948, HK46, OKYM and UK661, as well as 100% identity in two hypervariable regions of residues 212-224 and 314-324 with those of the D6948, HK46, OKYM, UK661, UPM97/61 and BD3/99. The amino acid sequence of the chinju VP2 protein contained a serine-rich heptapeptide of SWSASGS as in these vvIBDVs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2017

Background: Compound K (CK) is a bioactive derivative of ginsenoside Rb1 in Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). Its biological and pharmacological activities have been studied in various disease conditions, although its immunomodulatory role in innate immunity mediated by monocytes/macrophages has been poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of CK on cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. Methods: The immunomodulatory role of CK was explored by various immunoassays including cell-cell adhesion, fibronectin adhesion, cell migration, phagocytic uptake, costimulatory molecules, reactive oxygen species production, luciferase activity, and by the measurement of mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes. Results: Compound K induced cell cluster formation through cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, and phagocytic activity, but it suppressed cell-tissue interactions in U937 and RAW264.7 cells. Compound K also upregulated the surface expression of the cell adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation (CD) 43 (CD43) and costimulatory molecules CD69, CD80, and CD86, but it downregulated the expression of monocyte differentiation marker CD82 in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, CK induced the release of reactive oxygen species and induced messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enhancing the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein-1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CK has an immunomodulatory role in innate immune responses through regulating various cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.809-819
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the effects of caffeine or combinations of caffeine and iron or vitamin E on the lipid and protein components in the MDBK(Mardin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells. For the In vitro test, MDBK cells in ${\alpha}$-MEM(Minimum Essential Medium) were divided into 4 treatment groups according to drug types and dosages as follows; the control(group A), group B was treated with 0.3mM caffeine, group C was treated with 0.3mM caffeine and 0.3mM ferric chloride, group D was treated with 0.3mM caffeine and 0.3mM vitamin E. Those groups were further divided into 5 subgroups according to the time lapsed(control, 4hrs, 8hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs lapsed group). The concentrations of the carbonyl group and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the patterns of the SDS-PAGE(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and fatty acid compositions were analyzed to determine the oxidative damages and metabolic changes on the lipid and protein components in the MDBK cells. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. The concentrations of carbonyl group and malondialdehyde in MDBK cells of group C were significantly higher(p<0.01) in comparison to the control, and increased according to the time lapsed. But the results of groups B and D were little different in comparison to the group C. 2. As the analytical results of fatty acid compositions in MDBK cells, the proportions of palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid in groups B, C and D were lower in comparison to the control, while the proportion of arachidonic acid in groups B, C and D were significantly higher(p<0.01) in comparison to the control. 3. In order to determine the oxidative damages to the protein in MDBK cells, the patterns of the SDS-PAGE were examined and the patterns of SDS-PAGE in groups C and D were significantly different between 43kd and 200kd of molecular weight.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2012

UV spectrophotometer was used to detect protein-DNA complex from DNA melting profile under constant temperature increase. Melting temperature (Tm) was $43^{\circ}C$ in copA duplex DNA alone. In the presence of Proteus mirabilis transcription regulator protein (PMTR) protein at 0.2 and 0.4 ${\mu}M$, Tm's were $45{\pm}0.5$ and $47.6{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$, respectively. According to fluorescence polarization and gel shift assay. PMTR:copA complex was detected by the retarded migration on gel and the dissociation constant ($K_d$) was $(9.2{\pm}2.8){\times}10^{-9}M$.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.496-501
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• 2001

Lincomycin, an inhibitor of plastid protein synthesis, was found to block the synthesis of apoprotein P700 with a molecular mass of 72 kDa and the assembly of the Chl a-protein of PS I. Synthesis of the polypeptides of 48, 43.5, and 32 kDa of the PS II complex is also suppressed. This process is accompanied by the disappearance of the PS Two reaction center Chl a at 683 nm, and of the PS One reaction center Chl a at 690, 696, and 705 nm on the fourth derivative of the absorption spectra at 77K. Lincomycin does not affect the synthesis of LHC subunits. It increases the content of the two main Chl forms of LHC at 648 nm (Chl b) and 676 nm (Chl a). The low-temperature fluorescence ratio F736/F685 is also increased. However, the effect of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis) leads to the reduction of polypeptides of the light-harvesting Chl a/b-protein complex in the range of 29.5-22 kDa. Under these conditions, the relative amount of Chl b and the F736/ F685 fluorescence ratio decrease significantly. This is obviously the result of blocking the LHC I and LHC II synthesis. At the same time rifampicin and actinomycin D (inhibitors which block transcription in chloroplast and nuclear genome, respectively) inessentially affect the characteristics of these complexes.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2005

This study evaluated the quality of commercial extruded pellet (EP) diet of five companies (A, B, C, D and E) for olive flounder Paralichtys olivaceus by biochemical analyses, physical properties and growth performance. The proximate analyses of five EP diets showed $3.2-10.0\%$ of moisture, $49.3-55.5\%$ of crude protein, $4.6-14.7\%$ of crude lipid, $7.0-13.8\%$ of crude ash, $0.7-10.5\%$ of crude fiber, $10.0-27.3\%$ of itrogen free extract (NFE), 304.3-395.4kcal/100g of digestible energy (DE) and 6.1-7.1 of calorie/protein ratio (C/P). Peroxide value (POV) was highest in diet D (47.4 meq/kg) as compared to other diets which in the range of 4.0-11.7 meq/kg. Total amino acid contents were ranged from 46.54 to $55.46\%$ with the highest content in diet B and the lowest content in diet C. Essential amino acid of diet C was lowest $(7.43\%)$ as compared to other diets which in the range of $19.43-20.30\%$. Saturated fatty acid was higher in diet A $(37.65\%)$ followed by diet B $(36.32\%)$, diet E$(34.39\%)$, diet C$(30.95\%)$ and diet D$(30.10\%)$. EPA+DHA were highest in diet E$(30.78\%)$ and lowest in diet C$(15.48\%)$. The floating rate after 6 hours on the sea water was highest in diet C$(100\%)$ followed by diet B$(40\%)$ and A$(10\%)$. However, diets D and E were completely settled down after 1 and 2 hours, respectively. The range of relative expansion rate was $27.2-49.3\%$ for all diets and all reached the peak at 2-3 hours. The water absorption rate of diets C and D was lowest, and diet E was highest at 1 hour after deposition of sea water. Growth rate was higher in diet B$(22.3\%)$ and E$(21.3\%)$. Feed efficiency was higher in diet A$(109.7\%)$ and E$(105.3\%)$ and was significantly lowest in diet D$(80.7\%)$. The protein efficiency ratio was highest in diet E (2.72) and lowest in diet D (1.76). These results suggest that there is a necessity for improvement of nutrients balance and feed physical properties to fulfill the nutrient requirements and digestive characteristics of fishes in commercial EP diets.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2003

This study was performed to clarify the induction possibility of anaphylactoid reactions by the administration with the heartworm extracts, and, if any, to elucidate different virulences in terms of the protein concentrdtions and sexes of Dirofilaria immitis. Twenty three clinically healthy D. immitis-free adult dogs were used in the present study. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups. Group A (5 heads) was administered with an female heartworm extract containing 0.1 g/dl protein concentration. Group B (4 heads) was administered with an male heartworm extract containing 0.1g/dl protein concentration. Group C (5 heads) was administered with an female heartworm extract containing 0.2 g/dl protein concentration. Group D (4 heads) was administered with an male heartworm extract containing 0.2 g/dl protein concentration. Group E (5 heads) was administered with an female heartworm extract containing 0.4 g/dl protein concentration. The changes of clinical symptoms and vital signs (body temperature, heart rate and respiration rate) were examined before and 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 24 hours after injection with the extracts, respectively. In addition, the changes of hematological values (RBC, PCV and total leukocytes counts), serum chemical values (ALP and CK) were determined. It was considered that heartworm extract could induce anaphylactoid reaction and adult female heartworm extract was more affective than those of adult male heartworm extract in the changes of clinical symptoms, vital signs, hematological values and serum chemical values.