• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

A single phase Ba2(Ti8,472Zr0.528)O20 was prepared by the oxalate method from aqueous solution of BaCl2 TiCl4 and ZrOCl2. The structure ananlysis has been carried out by Rietveld analysis method at room temperature. Powder X-ray data of Ba2(Ti8,472Zr0.528)O20 was indexed with the triclinic lattice(a=7.4587 $\AA$ b=14.0672 $\AA$, c=13.3327 $\AA$, $\alpha$=89.87, $\beta$=79.45 ${\gamma}$=84.46) The R (Residual) values of structure refinement were in a range between 10.00 and 8.00 This analysis proved that the added Zr occupied Ti sites in th structure of Ba2Ti9O20. Ba2(Ti8,472Zr0.528)O20 has excellent dielectric properties(dielectric constant K=40.49 at 5.42 GHz Q=4621) so that it can be used as good microwave dielectric materials.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2017

With increased human activity in space, the risk of re-entry and collision between space objects is constantly increasing. Hence, the need for space situational awareness (SSA) programs has been acknowledged by many experienced space agencies. Optical and radar sensors, which enable the surveillance and tracking of space objects, are the most important technical components of SSA systems. In particular, combinations of radar systems and optical sensor networks play an outstanding role in SSA programs. At present, Korea operates the optical wide field patrol network (OWL-Net), the only optical system for tracking space objects. However, due to their dependence on weather conditions and observation time, it is not reasonable to use optical systems alone for SSA initiatives, as they have limited operational availability. Therefore, the strategies for developing radar systems should be considered for an efficient SSA system using currently available technology. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of a radar system in detecting and tracking space objects. With the radar system investigated, the minimum sensitivity is defined as detection of a $1-m^2$ radar cross section (RCS) at an altitude of 2,000 km, with operating frequencies in the L, S, C, X or Ku-band. The results of power budget analysis showed that the maximum detection range of 2,000 km, which includes the low earth orbit (LEO) environment, can be achieved with a transmission power of 900 kW, transmit and receive antenna gains of 40 dB and 43 dB, respectively, a pulse width of 2 ms, and a signal processing gain of 13.3 dB, at a frequency of 1.3 GHz. We defined the key parameters of the radar following a performance analysis of the system. This research can thus provide guidelines for the conceptual design of radar systems for national SSA initiatives.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2017

A 2.45 GHz microwave plasma with linear antenna has been prepared for hydrophobic and wear-resistible surface coating of carbon steel. Wear-resistible properties are required for the surface protection of cutting tools and achieved by depositing a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film on steel surface through linear microwave plasma source that has $TE_{10}-TEM$ waveguide. Compared to the existing RF plasma source driven by 13.56 MHz, linear microwave plasma source can easily generate high density plasma and provide faster deposition rate and wider process windows. In this study, $Ar/CH_4$ gas mixtures are used for hydrogenated amorphous carbon film deposition. When microwave power of 1000 W is applied, 40 cm long uniform $Ar/CH_4$ plasma could be obtained in gas pressure of 200~400 mTorr. The Vickers hardness measurement of hydrogenated amorphous carbon film on steel surface was evaluated. It was found the optimized deposition condition at $Ar:CH_4=25:25$ sccm, 300 mTorr with microwave power of 1000W and RF bias power of 100W. By deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon film, contact angle on steel surfaces increases from $43.9^{\circ}$ to $93.2^{\circ}$.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2014

Hyperthermia is a form of cancer treatment in which affected human tissue is exposed to $>40^{\circ}C$ temperature. In this paper, our goal is to assess the efficacy of fullerene agents to reduce heating time for cancer treatment. Such agents can accelerate heating of cancer cells and improve hyperthermia treatment efficacy. Typically, in vitro testing involves cancer cell culturing, heating cell cultures in accordance to specifications, and recording cancer cell viability after hyperthermia. To heat cell cultures, we design and evaluate a 2.4-GHz microwave cavity with controllable temperature. The cavity is comprised of a polystyrene cell culture dish (diameter = 54 mm, height = 13.5 mm) and a printed monopole antenna placed within the cavity for microwave heating. The culture temperature can be controlled through the intensity and duration of the antenna's microwave radiation. Heating experiments were carried out to validate the cavity's performance for F-12K culture medium (Kaighn's F-12K medium, ATCC). Importantly, fullerene agents were shown to reduce heating time and improve hyperthermia treatment efficacy. The culture medium temperature increased, on average, from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $50.9^{\circ}C$ (without fullerene) and from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $56.8^{\circ}C$ (with 3 mg/mL fullerene) within 15 minutes.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the time synchronization module on fiber optic repeater to use optic line delay for obtaining time synchronization between up-link and down-link, in the 2.3 GHz WiBro network using TDD/OFDM (Time Division Duplex/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Generally, when we use fiber optic repeater to remove the shade area, it occurs transmission delay which is caused by optic transmission between RAS (Radio Access Station) and fiber optic repeater and inner delay of fiber optic repeater. Because the WiBro system is adopting a TOO method and there exists the difference of switching time which is caused by these delay between up-link and down-link, it occurs ISI (Inter Symbol Interference), ICI (Inter Carrier Interference). These interference results in the reduction of the coverage. And the inconsistency between Up-Link and Down-Link switching time maybe gives rise to the interruption of communication. In order to prevent these cases, we propose synchronization module using analog optic line delay as the one of synchronizing up-link and down-link. And we propose the consideration factor for the designing time synchronization module and the feature of optic line of analog method. The measurement result of optic line time synchronization module of structure proposed is as follows, the delay error of $0.5{\mu}g$ and the insertion loss value below maximum 4.5dB in range of $0{\sim}40{\mu}s$. These results fully meet the specification of WiBro System.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2018

The phase evolution, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of $Ba(Mg_{0.5-2x}Y_{2x}W_{0.5-x}Ti_x)O_3$ (x = 0.005~0.05) ceramics sintered at $1,700^{\circ}C$ for 1h were investigated. All compositions exhibited a 1:1 ordered cubic perovskite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy image revealed a dense microstructure in all the compositions. As the value of x increased, the lattice parameter, dielectric constant, and quality factor increased. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency changed from $-19.6ppm/^{\circ}C$ to $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$ with increasing x value. The dielectric constant, quality factor, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of $Ba(Mg_{0.40}Y_{0.10}W_{0.45}Ti_{0.05})O_3$ were 21.7, 132,685 GHz, and $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.274-274
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• 2007

LTCC 소재로 응용을 위해 Mg-Si-O계 세라믹스에 glass frit을 첨가하여 소결 및 마이크로파 유전특성에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. $Mg_2SiO_4$를 기본조성으로 하고 $B_2O_3-ZnO-Na_2O-SiO_2-Al_2O_3$계 glass를 20~40wt%로 첨가하여 $900^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 소결하였을 때 glass 함량이 증가함에 따라 밀도$(g/cm^3)$ 및 유전율$(\varepsilon_r)$은 증가하였고 품질계수$(Q{\times}f_0)$ 값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. $900^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 소결한 소결체의 유전특성은 유전율 $(\varepsilon_r)$ = 6.5, 품질계수 $(Q{\times}f_0)$ = 4,000(GHz), 온도계수 $({\tau}_f)={\pm}10ppm/^{\circ}C$로 우수한 특성을 확인하였다. 그리고 Glass Milling 효과에 따른 glass-ceramics 소결체의 미세구조, 마이크로파 유전특성을 비교 고찰하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.52-57
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• 1999

Korea Earthquake Monitoring System(KEMS) in the Korea Institute of Geology Mining and Materials(KIGAM) as detected more than 1000 events since the end of 1998. But not all events are interpreted as earthquakes because many events are concentrated on daytime. It strongly implies that in addition to earthquake these events include artificial effects such as industrial blasting. Before the determination of eathquake charactertistics in the korean peninsula it is necessary to discriminate the detected events as earthquakes or artificial events. For the discriminant study KIGAM and SMU(Southern Methodist University) installed a triangular four-element 1-km aperture seismo-acoustic array at Chul-Won area northeast of Seoul Korea. Each array element includes a GS-13 seismometer in the bottom of borehole and a Validyne DP250-14 microbarometer sensor mounted inside of the borehole 1,2 meter deep connected to a 11 arm radial array of 10m porous soaker hoses. This array introduce the use of 2.4-GHz radios for inter-array self-contained solar-charged power system and GPS time-keeping system. A 24-bit digital data acquisition system performs 40 SPS in the infrasound and seismometer data. Velocity and direction of wind and temperature are also measured at hub site and included to the data stresam. This seismo-acoustic array will be used to identify and locate associated with industrial blasting and these identified and located events will be applied to form a ground truth database useful to assist the other development of discriminant studies.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2024

The low-temperature deposition of BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ thin films with a Ba hexaferrite structure for electromagnetic shielding was studied. The BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ thin films produced through the spin spray process were suitable for thin film deposition on a flexible substrate because it crystallized well at low temperature below 90℃. The change in shielding characteristics depending on the Co content of the BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ thin film was investigated, and excellent shielding characteristics with S21 of -1 dB were obtained in a wide frequency range of 26~40 GHz when the Co content was 0.4 or more. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in shielding properties caused by change in Co content in relation to phase changes in BaNi_(2-x)Co_xFe₁₆O₂₇ and obtain basic data for developing excellent flexible electromagnetic wave shielding materials.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2003

Microwave dielectric properties of (P $b_{0.4}$C $a_{0.6}$)[($Fe_{\frac{1}{2}}$N $b_{\frac{1}{2}}$)$_{1-x}$ (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)x] $O_3$ (PCFMN) ceramics were investigated as a function of (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ content (0.1$\leq$x$\leq$0.8). A single perovskite phase with the cubic structure was obtained through the given composition range. The unit cell volume was increased with (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$, due to the larger average ionic size of (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ than that of ($Fe_{\frac{1}{2}}$N $b_{\frac{1}{2}}$)$^{4+}$ for B-site ion. Dielectric constant (K) and Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency(TCF) of PCFMN ceramics were dependent on (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ content due to the decrease of ionic polarizability and B-site bond valence, respectively. Qf value was decreased with (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ content due to the decrease of grain size. Typically, K of 73.56, Qf of 5,074 GHz and TCF of -6.45 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ were obtained for the specimens with x=0.4 sintered at 125$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 h.125$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 h.