• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2023

Background: Fisheries and aquaculture are statistically acknowledged to be among the most dangerous occupations. Yet, industrial safety and health precautions against occupational accidents within the sector are not sufficiently implemented in many parts of the world. The present study aims to provide a quantified overview of work accident statistics in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industry. Methods: This article presents an overview of reported injuries and fatalities in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industries from 2006 to 2020. Incident, permanent incapacity, and fatality rates were calculated, and the difference between fisheries and aquaculture was statistically examined. Results: The overall incident, permanent incapacity, and fatality rates were 449.4, 4.7, and 5.7 per 100,000 worker years, respectively, over the 15-year period. With these fatality rates, fisheries and aquaculture are two of the industries with the highest fatality rates among comparable industries in Turkey. Incident rates in fisheries and aquaculture indicated that aquaculture work is more dangerous and risky. The data set includes 25 fatalities and 22 permanent incapacity cases over 15 years and shows an increase in fatality rates and occupational accidents in the last 8 years. Conclusion: present study showed that the quality of data and reporting in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industries including occupational illnesses, must be improved in order to be more preventative and to develop efficient safety management in the sector. Incentives for providing thorough data on occupational incidents must be enhanced to improve occupational safety awareness in Turkish fisheries and aquaculture.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

The research was about the relation between the dorsal side dose measured by using the phantom body (Alderson Rando Phantom) and factors like contacted material of the patients, the size of the field, angle of incidence. Compared with mylar (tennis racket), the dose on $10{\times}10\;cm^2$ field size of cotton was increased by 2% and by 8% in the case of breast board. In the case of $15{\times}15\;cm^2$ field size, the dose was increased by 6% compared with $10{\times}10\;cm^2$ size. The field size of $20{\times}20\;cm^2$ resulted in 10% increase of dose, while $5{\times}5\;cm^2$ produced 13% decrease. Compared with incident angle $0^{\circ}$, the cases for the incident angle $5^{\circ}$ had 0.4% less dose for breast board, 0.5% for tennis racket, 1.1% for cotton. The cases for the incident angle $10^{\circ}$ had 1.5% less dose for breast board, 1.9% for tennis racket, 2.6% for cotton. For the incident angle $15^{\circ}$, breast board, tennis racket, cotton caused decrease of dose by 3.9%, 2.6%, 3.86% respectively. Resultantly carbon material can cause more skin dose in treatment field. By the results of this study, we recommend that one should avoid the contact between the carbon material and skin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

Objectives: An increase in the serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration has been regarded as a marker of alcohol drinking or liver disease. Some reports, however, have suggested that the serum GGT may be a sensitive and early biomarker for the development of prediabetes and diabetes. In this study we investigated whether serum GGT is a reliable predictor of the incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG), including diabetes. Methods: We performed a prospective study for two years (2002-2004). We analyzed the periodic health examination data from a total of 4,711 men. The examinations were done in the years 2002 and 2004. The analyzed data included a self-questionnaire, a physical examination and the laboratory results. Both IFG and diabetes were defined as a serum fasting glucose concentration of more than 100 mg/dL and 126 mg/dL, respectively. Results: A total of 738 cases (15.7%) of incident IFG and 13 cases (0.3%) of diabetes occurred. The mean serum GGT concentrations were quite different between the normal (38.0 IU) and incident IFG groups (50.3 IU), and the incident diabetes group (66.0 IU) (p<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, the relative risks for incident IFG or diabetes across the baseline GGT categories (<10th, 10th-20th, 30th-40th, 50th-60th, 70th-80th and >90th percentile) were 1.0, 1.172 (0.769-1.785), 1.107 (0.725-1.689), 1.444 (0.934-2.232), 2.061 (1.401-3.031) and 2.545 (1.784-3.631) (p-value for trend: <0.001). The risks significantly increased with increasing levels of GGT for 2 years; when comparing the increased groups (<10%, 10-20%, >20%) versus the decreased over 20% group of GGT, the risks for IFG or diabetes were 1.334 (1.002-1.776), 1.613 (1.183-2.199) and 1.399 (1.092-1.794). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that serum GGT concentrations within its normal range may be an early predictor of the development of IFG and diabetes. As serum GGT is a relatively inexpensive test and a reliable marker, it might have important implications in public health promotion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2020

Physical experiments have been performed in a wave basin to investigate change of the wave loading on the crown wall under obliquely incident wave conditions. The measurement was carried out with wave incidence angle of 0, 15, 30 and 45°. The pressure transducers were placed on the front and bottom face of the crown wall to obtain horizontal and uplift force as well. It was found that both the horizontal and vertical force decreases with the incidence angle. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, a formula was suggested to estimate the reduction rate of horizontal and vertical forces under obliquely incident waves.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.99-116
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to define the expression rule of six vital substances for human life(六氣) in Meridians and the rule of following of three ${\breve{U}}m$ and three Yan. In order to investigate the expression rule of six vital substances for human life(六氣), incident(標)-fundamental(本) and Ki of middle energizer(中氣) of three ${\breve{U}}m$ and three Yang(三陰三陽) were reviewed. 1, The rule of following is formed centering around fundamental Ki(本氣) between incident(標) and fundamental(本). And in case the ${\breve{U}}m$ and Yang (陰陽) disposition of incident(標) and fundamental(本) is different, whether the ${\breve{U}}m$ and Yang(陰陽) disposition of incident(標) and fundamental(本) is same as those of Ki of middle energizer(中氣), is the key point in following fundamental and activating of the vital energy(氣化). 2. As twelve channels(十二經脈) have not only fundamental Ki(本氣) but also Ki of middle energizer(中氣) at the same time, in expression of six vital substances for human life(六氣), if the fundamental Ki(本氣) is stronger, fundamental Ki(本氣) can be expressed or if the fundamental Ki(本氣) is weaker, Ki of middle energizer(中氣) can be expressed. 3. Twelve channels which is connected with each other through the relation of the interior and the exterior can be regarded as a system, in which Wind(風) and Fire(火), Dryness(燥) and Dampness(濕), Cold(寒) and Heat(熱) maintain balance through mutual control. 4. We can see that in the disease caused by the unbalance of six vital substances for human life(六氣), expression of six pathogenic factor and controlment of six vital substances for human life(六氣) are made up after the following one in the rule of following(從化規律).

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Incident X-ray angles of weight bearing foot AP radiography which differ in each medical institution were compared. Optimal angles were derived from the study and suggested as basic data for clinical application. 19 patients with no abnormality on right foot took part in the study from June 2013 to July 2013. Weight bearing foot AP radiography in the correct position was examined with the incident X-ray angles of $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $35^{\circ}$. All the images were evaluated subjectively by 5 radiological technologists of over 15 year work experience using Likert scale as 1 for 'very poor', 2 for 'poor', 3 for 'fair', 4 for 'good', 5 for 'very good', 6 for 'excellent', and analyzed with ANOVA and Scheffe. Image quality was the most optimal at $20^{\circ}$ as 4.53, and relatively good at $25^{\circ}$ as 4.38 and at $30^{\circ}$ as 4.18. $35^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ were relatively poor. The average points of 6 groups indicated statistically significant difference (p<.01). In the post-mortem, 3 subgroups showed no statistically significant difference, and the average point of the groups of $20^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$was evaluated relatively higher than the other 2 groups. An optimal incident X-ray angle within the range from $20^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$ for weight bearing foot AP radiography could make it possible to obtain the image of high diagnostic value and would be useful for clinical application in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.694-699
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• 1988

Optical phase conjugate mechanism and edge enhancement by degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) in photorefractive material are described, and image reconstruction is perfromed sucessfully in BaTiO3 single crystal. Also, the edge enhancement is carried out in the crystal by the same DFWM geometry. But the intensities of three incident beams are inverted. Good quality of edge enhancement is observed in real-time (processing time 10 sec) with low incident light intensity (5.38mW/cm\ulcorner.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare job satisfaction, quality of life (QOL), incident report rate and overtime hours for 12-hour shifts and for 8-hour shifts in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 36 staff nurses from a PICU in a regional hospital in Korea. Data were collected using self-administrated questionnaires regarding job satisfaction and QOL at 6 months before and after the beginning of 12-hour shifts. Incident report rate and overtime hours for both 12-hour and 8-hour shifts were compared. Comparisons were made using $x^2$-test, paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: After 12-hour shifts were initiated, job satisfaction significantly increased (t=3.93, p<.001) and QOL was higher for nurses on 12-hour shifts compared to 8-hour (t=7.83, p<.001). There was no statistically significant change in incident report rate ($x^2=0.15$, p=.720). The overtimes decreased from $36.3{\pm}34.7$ to $17.3{\pm}34.9$ minutes (Z=-8.91, p<.001). Conclusion: These results provide evidence that 12-hour shifts can be an effective ways of scheduling for staff nurses to increase job satisfaction and quality of life without increasing patient safety incidents or prolonged overtime work hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.558-565
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• 2017

Accurate prediction of wave-structure interactions is important in the safety and design cost effectiveness of fixed and floating offshore structures exposed to extreme environmental conditions. In this study, regular waves and circular column structure interactions for four circular columns in regular waves are analyzed. To simulate 3D two-phase flow, open source computational fluid dynamics libraries, called OpenFOAM, were used. When the four circular columns are arranged in a square array, the interactions according to the incident slopes of the regular waves are analyzed. The wave run-up in the circular column surface was compared according to the slope of the incident wave. It was confirmed that high amplitude waves are generated between the circular columns due to the interaction between the circular column and the incident wave. It is expected that this analytical result will be used as the basic data of the study on the air gap due to the interaction between the structure and incident wave.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the associations between physical disorders and prevalent/incident suicidal ideation in a community dwelling older population aged 65 years or over. Methods : 1204 people aged 65 years or over evaluated at baseline. Suicidal ideation was identified using the questions from the community version of the Geriatric Mental State Schedule ("GMS B3"). Reported physical disorders covering 11 common and generally chronic health problems were ascertained. Covariates included were depression, age, gender, years of education, accommodation status, past occupation, and current occupation. Of 1066 without suicidal ideation at baseline, 805 (76%) were followed 2 years later, and incident suicidal ideation was evaluated. Results : Prevalent suicidal ideation was significantly associated with 4 of 11 physical disorders: eyesight problems, persistent cough, heart disease and paralysis or weakness in one leg or arm. Incident suicidal ideation was associated with 3 physical disorders: asthma, high blood pressure and paralysis or weakness in one leg or arm. Both prevalent and incident suicidal ideation were significantly associated with increased number of physical disorders. Conclusions : Certain physical disorders were comorbid and precipitating factors of suicidal ideation in elders. And appropriate intervention and treatment of physical disorders might prevent suicidal ideation in elderly.