• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.892-899
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• 2002

콘크리트 휨 부재의 내하능력을 개선하는 방법들 중에서, 최근에 와서, 기존의 철근콘크리트 부재에서 사용하는 철근을 대신하여 섬유보강폴리머(FRP) 복합재료 층으로 보강한 콘크리트 부재에 관한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 휨을 받는 원형단면 FRP 콘크리트 부재의 거동을 예측하기 위한 해석모델에 중점을 두고 있다. FRP층과 내부에 충진된 콘크리트로 이루어진 부재의 응력 및 변형을 예측하기 위하여 층분할 단면해석 모델이 제시되었다. 콘크리트의 압축거동이 횡방향 팽창에 의존한다는 가정과 다축 압축 응력상태의 구성관계에 기초하여 FRP 층으로 둘러 쌓인 콘크리트의 응력변형률 관계를 정식화하였다. 고전적 적층이론에서, FRP 층의 거동은 2차원 적층의 면내거동의 응력-변형률 관계에 기초한 등 가직교재료특성에 기초하여 정식화하였다. 소개된 해석모델의 검증을 위하여 원형단면 FRP 콘크리트 휨 부재의 4점 실험과 비교한 결과, 본 모델은 부재의 모멘트-곡률 관계, 단면에서의 축방향 변형률뿐만 아니라 횡방향 변형률, 그리고 FRP 층으로 인한 콘크리트의 구속효과의 증진에 관한 거동 특성들을 잘 예측해 주었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2010

In this study, partially stabilized zirconia was synthesized using a chemical $Y_2O_3$ stabilizer and hydrothermal method. First, $YCl_3-6H_2O$ and $ZrCl_2O-8H_2O$ was dissolved in distilled water. Y-TZP (a $Y_2O_3$-doped toughened zirconia polycrystalline precursor) was also prepared by conventional co-precipitates in the presence of an excess amount of $NH_4OH$ solution under a fixed pH of 12. The Y-TZP precursors were filtered and repeatedly washed with distilled water to remove $Cl^-$ ions. $ZrO_2$-Xmol%$Y_2O_3$ powder was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Teflon Vessels at $180^{\circ}C$ for 6 h of optimized condition. The powder added with the Xmol%- $Y_2O_3$ (X = 0,1,3,5 mol%) stabilizer of the $ZrO_2$ was synthesized. The crystal phase, particle size, and morphologies were analyzed. Rectangular specimens of $33mm{\times}8mm{\times}3$ mm for three-point bend tests were used in the mechanical properties evaluation. A teragonal phase was observed in the samples, which contains more than 3 mol% $Y_2O_3$. The $3Y-ZrO_2$ agglomerated particle size was measured at $7.01{\mu}m$. The agglomerated particle was clearly observed in the sample of 5 mol % $Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$, and and the agglomerated particle size was measured at 16.4 um. However, a 20 nm particle was specifically observed by FE-SEM in the sample of 3 mol% $Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$. The highest bending fracture strength was measured as 321.3 MPa in sample of 3 mol% $Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 주변 단순 지지된, 용접된 편면 보강판의 압축 최종 강도를 구하는 간략한 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 우선, 용접에 의한 변형 및 잔류응력과 같은 초기결함을 간략한 방법으로 추정하고, 이 초기결함이 존재하는 보강판의 붕괴 양식을 가정하여, 각 양식에 대해 최종 강도를 구하고, 여러 붕괴 하중에 때해 최소치를 택함으로 보강판의 붕괴 하중을 얻는다. 보강판이 최종 강도 상태에 달하기까지 붕괴 과정을 다음과 같이 가정한다. (1) 보강판의 전체 좌굴$\rightarrow$보강재의 굽힘에 의한 전체 붕괴 (2) 판재의 국부 좌굴$\rightarrow$판재의 국부 붕괴$\rightarrow$보강재의 전단면 항복에 의한 전체 붕괴 (3) 판재의 국부 좌굴$\rightarrow$보강재의 굽힘에 의한 전체 붕괴 (4) 판재의 국부 좌굴$\rightarrow$판재의 국부 붕괴$\rightarrow$보강재의 비틂 변형(tripping)에 의한 전체 붕괴 붕괴 하중 계산을 위해 Rayleigh-Ritz 법에 기초한 탄소성 대변형 해석을 수행하고, 소성 붕괴선을 가정한 소성 해석을 수행하여 탄성 해석선과 소성 해석선의 교점을 최종 강도로 택한다. 본 방법을 비선형 유한요소법과 비교해 보면 극히 짧은 계산 시간에 양호한 결과를 산출한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 방법에 의한 해석 결과를 통해 판재의 국부 거동에 미치는 보강재의 비틂 강성의 효과를 고찰하였고, 보강재의 굽힘에 의한 전체붕괴와 비틂 변형(tripping)에 의한 전체 붕괴의 기준이 되는 보강재의 형상을 제시할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.347-351
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• 2004

[ $Si_3N_4$ ] composites have been extensively studied for engineering ceramics, because it has excellent room and high temperature strength, wear resistance properties, good resistance to oxidation, and good thermal and chemical stability. In the present work, carbon short fiber reinforced $Si_3N_4$ ceramics were fabricated by hot press method in $N_2$ atmosphere at $1800^{\circ}C$ using $Al_2O_3\;and\;Y_2O_3$ as sintering additives. Content of carbon short fiber was $0\%,\;0.1\%\;and\;0.3\%$. The composites were evaluated in terms of density, flexural strength and elastic modulus through the 3-point bending test at room temperature. Also, The wear behavior was determined by the pin on disk wear tester using silicon nitride ball. Experimental density and flexural strength decreased with increasing content of carbon fiber. But specific modulus increased with increasing content of carbon fiber. In addition, friction coefficient and specific wear loss decreased with increasing content of carbon short fiber by reason of interfacial defects between matrix and fiber.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2002

비전리 방사선을 이용하는 초음파 탐상법은 안전하며 사용이 간편하기 때문에 비파괴검사에서 매우 선호되고 있는 방법이다. 의학적으로 초음파 탐상법은 동일한 원리를 이용하여 인체의 결함 즉 질병의 진단을 위해 유용한 수단 요로 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 탐상법에 기반한 의료용 초음파 진단의 원리에 대해 개관하고, 그동안 임상적으로 별로 주목받지 못한 초음파 C스캔 영상을 이용한 치밀골의 미세 골절 진단 가능성을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 실험에서는 돼지 대퇴골에 3점 굽힘 힘 (2-4 kN)을 1 mm/min 속도로 가해 미세 골절을 유발하였다. 골절의 정도를 변화하면서 골절에 대한 엑스선 영상과 25 MHz 접속형 초음파 변환기롤 이용하여 C스캔 영상을 취득하였다. 실험 결과 초음파 C 스캔 영상은 기존의 골절 진단법인 엑스선 영상에서는 진단이 어려운 미세한 골절까지 감지할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.144-164
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to investigate the chemical composition, mean particle size, linear thermal expansion coefficient and metal-bonding strength of the regular opaque powder and core powder. In this study, 4 types of ceramic powders, namely Duceram Jacket Opaque powder, Duceram Opaque powder, Vita Hi-Ceram powder, Vita VMK Paint On-88 powder were used. Chemical composition was evaluated by EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrophotometer, Oxford QX-2000, England), particle size was measured by MALVERN Instruments(MALVERN Instruments SB. OC., U.S.A.. ad linear thermal expansion coefficient was measured by dilatometer(Motoyama, Japan). Bond strength was measured by the Universal tsting machine(Istron Co., Ltd., U.S.A.). The Results were as follows : 1. Through recognition of the relative difference in chemical composition between the core powder and the regular opaque powder, the difference in the proportion of $Al_2O_3$ in each type of material is demonstrated ; Duceram Jaket Opaque powder : 30.16%, Duceram Opaque powder : 16.60%, Vita Hi-Ceram : 63.64%, Vita VMK Paint-On 88 : 16.16%. 2. There was no significant difference in the proportion of metal-bonding materials between the core powder and the regular opaque powder. 3. In the regular opaque powder, alkaline materials were incoporated in order to increase the coefficient of thermal expansion. 4. In the particle size analysis, there was no significant difference in mean particle size or in the particle size distribution between the core powder and the regular opaque powder. 5. In the thermal expansion test for temperature range of $25-600^{\circ}C$, the regular opaque powder had higher coefficient of thermal expansion than that of core powder. 6. In the 4 point flexural bending test, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean bond strength between the core powder and the opaque powder among the Duceram products.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.396-401
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the flexural properties of a recently introduced urethane dimethacrylate denture base material (Eclipse) after being repaired with two different materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two repair groups and a control group consisting of 10 specimens each were generated. The ES group was repaired with auto-polymerizing polymer. The EE group was repaired with the Eclipse. The E group was left intact as a control group. A 3-point bending test device which was set to travel at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min was used. Specimens were loaded until fracture occurred and the mean displacement, maximum load, flexural modulus and flexural strength values and standard deviations were calculated for each group and the data were statistically analyzed. The results were assessed at a significance level of P<.05. RESULTS. The mean "displacement", "maximum load before fracture", flexural strength" and "flexural modulus" rates of Group E were statistically significant higher than those of Groups ES and EE, but no significant difference (P>.05) was found between the mean values of Group ES and EE. There was a statistically significant positive relation (P<.01) between the displacement and maximum load of Group ES (99.5%), Group EE (94.3%) and Group E (84.4%). CONCLUSION. The more economic and commonly used self-curing acrylic resin can be recommended as an alternative repair material for Eclipse denture bases.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.394-399
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• 1999

바이오 세라믹스와 같은 의료용재료의 출발물질에 사용되는 화학시약을 대신하여 참치 뼈로부터 추출한 천연 hydroxyapatite를 이용하여 세라믹 복합체와 glass-ceramics 등을 제조하였다. 복합체의 경우 pseudowollastonite(${\alpha}-CaSiO_3$)와 $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate($\beta$-TCP)가 주 결정상으로, 그리고 glass-ceramics는 pseudowollastonite, $\beta$-TCP 및 핵형성제로 포함시킨 $CaF_2$에 의한 fluoroapatite상이 각각 관찰되었다. 복합체의 미세구조 변화 양상은 열처리 온도의 함수로 결정상의 입자 크기가 증가하는 일반적인 미세조직 구조의 형태를 나타내었고, 맛) $900^{\circ}C$로 4시간 동안 대기 상에서 제조한 glass-ceramics의 강도는 90 MPa로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2019

PURPOSE. While dental implants have displayed high success rates, poor mechanical fixation is a common complication, and their biomechanical response to occlusal loading remains poorly understood. This study aimed to develop and validate a computational model of a natural first premolar and a dental implant with matching crown morphology, and quantify their mechanical response to loading at the occlusal surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A finite-element model of the stomatognathic system comprising the mandible, first premolar and periodontal ligament (PDL) was developed based on a natural human tooth, and a model of a dental implant of identical occlusal geometry was also created. Occlusal loading was simulated using point forces applied at seven landmarks on each crown. Model predictions were validated using strain gauge measurements acquired during loading of matched physical models of the tooth and implant assemblies. RESULTS. For the natural tooth, the maximum vonMises stress (6.4 MPa) and maximal principal strains at the mandible ($1.8m{\varepsilon}$, $-1.7m{\varepsilon}$) were lower than those observed at the prosthetic tooth (12.5 MPa, $3.2m{\varepsilon}$, and $-4.4m{\varepsilon}$, respectively). As occlusal load was applied more bucally relative to the tooth central axis, stress and strain magnitudes increased. CONCLUSION. Occlusal loading of the natural tooth results in lower stress-strain magnitudes in the underlying alveolar bone than those associated with a dental implant of matched occlusal anatomy. The PDL may function to mitigate axial and bending stress intensities resulting from off-centered occlusal loads. The findings may be useful in dental implant design, restoration material selection, and surgical planning.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1336-1349
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• 2018

Generally, a precast prestressed concrete (PSC) beam is used as girders for short-to-medium span (less than 30 m) bridges due to the advantages of simple design and construction, reduction of construction budget, maintenance convenience. In order to increase the span length beyond 50 m of precast PSC girder, PSC hollow box girder with unbonded prestressed H-type steel beam placed at the compressive region is proposed. The unbonded compressive prestressing in the H-type steel beams in the girder is made to recover plastic deflection of PSC girder when the pre-stressing is released. Also, the H-steel beams allow minimization of depth-to-length ratio of the girder by reducing the compressive region of the cross-section, thereby reducing the weight of the girder. A quasi-static 3-point bending test with 4 different loading steps is performed to verify safety and plastic deflection recovery of the girder. The experimental results showed that the maximum applied load exceeded the maximum design load and most of the plastic deflection was recovered when the compressive prestressing of H-type steel beams is released. Also using prestressed H-type steel as compression reinforcements in the upper part of cross section, repair and restoration difficulty and cost of PSC girders should be significantly reduced. The study result and analysis are discussed in detail in the paper.