• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2015

In this study, we examined a morningside Pi2 pulsation, with a non-substorm signature, that occurred in very quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp = 0) at 05:38 UT on December 8, 2012, using data obtained by Van Allen Probes A and B (VAP-A and VAP-B, respectively) and at a ground station. Using 1 sec resolution vector magnetic field data, we measured the X-component of the pulsation from the Abu Simbel ground station (L = 1.07, LT = UT +2 hr, where LT represents local time) in Egypt. At the time of the Pi2 event, Abu Simbel and VAP-A (L = 3.3) were in the morning sector (07:38 LT and 07:59 MLT, respectively, where MLT represents magnetic local time), and VAP-B was in the postmidnight sector (04:18 MLT and L = 5.7). VAP-A and VAP-B observed oscillations in the compressional magnetic field component (Bz), which were in close agreement with the X-component measurements of the Pi2 pulsation that were made at Abu Simbel. The oscillations observed by the satellites and on the ground were in phase. Thus, we concluded that the observed morningside Pi2 pulsation was caused by the cavity resonance mode rather than by ionospheric current systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

In this study, we have investigated the relationship between the generation of pretilt angle and the polarization component in cells with UV light irradiation on polyimide (PI) surface. It was found that the generated pretilt angle is about $1.4^{\circ}$ with S-polarized UV light irradiation of $75^{\circ}$ on PI surface; it may be attributed to the asymmetry triangular of polymer surface with oblique S-polarized UV light irradiation on PI surface. Also, we measured that the generated pretilt angle is about $2.0^{\circ}$ with oblique P polarized UV light irradiation of $75^{\circ}$ on PI surface. Consequently, we suggest that the generated pretilt angle of the NLC is attributed to the interaction between the LC molecules and the polymer surface with oblique polarized UV light irradiation on PI surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2015

Virtual metrology (VM) model based on plasma information (PI) parameter for C4F8 plasma-assisted oxide etching processes is developed to predict and monitor the process results such as an etching rate with improved performance. To apply fault detection and classification (FDC) or advanced process control (APC) models on to the real mass production lines efficiently, high performance VM model is certainly required and principal component regression (PCR) is preferred technique for VM modeling despite this method requires many number of data set to obtain statistically guaranteed accuracy. In this study, as an effective method to include the 'good information' representing parameter into the VM model, PI parameters are introduced and applied for the etch rate prediction. By the adoption of PI parameters of b-, q-factors and surface passivation parameters as PCs into the PCR based VM model, information about the reactions in the plasma volume, surface, and sheath regions can be efficiently included into the VM model; thus, the performance of VM is secured even for insufficient data set provided cases. For mass production data of 350 wafers, developed PI based VM (PI-VM) model was satisfied required prediction accuracy of industry in C4F8 plasma-assisted oxide etching process.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

Object : The goals of this research were to make Performance Enhanced Model(PE) taken the largest performance index (PI) through artificial variation of principle components calculated by principle component analysis for trial data, and to verify the effect through comparing kinematic factors between trial data (Raw) and PE. Method : Ten subjects (5 men, 5 women) were recruited and 80% of their maximal record was considered. The PI is a regression equation. In order to develop PE, we extracted Principle components from trial position data (by Principle Components Analysis (PCA)). Before PCA, we made 17 position data to 3 row matrix according to components. We calculated 3 eigen value (principle components) through PCA. And except Y (medial-lateral direction) component (because motion of Y component is small), principle components of X (anterior-posterior direction) and Z (vertical direction) components were changed as following. Changed principle components = principle components + principle components ${\times}$ k. After changing the each principle component, we reconstructed position data using the changed principle components and calculated performance index (PI). A Paired t-test was used to compare Raw data and Performance Enhanced Model data. The level of statistical significance was set at $p{\leq}0.05$. Result : The PI was significantly increased about 12.9kg at PE ($101.92{\pm}6.25$) when compared to the Raw data ($91.29{\pm}7.10$). It means that performance can be increased by optimizing 3D positions. The difference of kinematic factors as follows : the movement distance of the bar from start to lock out was significantly larger (about 1cm) for PE, the width of anterior-posterior bar position in full phase was significantly wider (about 1.3cm) for PE and the horizontal displacement toward the weightlifter after beginning of descent from maximal height was significantly greater (about 0.4cm) for PE. Additionally, the minimum knee angle in the 2-pull phase was significantly smaller (approximately 2.7cm) for the PE compared to that of the Raw. PE was decided at proximal position from the Raw (origin point (0,0)) of PC variation). Conclusion : PI was decided at proximal position from the Raw (origin point (0,0)) of PC variation). This means that Performance Enhanced Model was decided by similar motion to the Raw without a great change. Therefore, weightlifters could be accept Performance Enhanced Model easily, comfortably and without large stress. The Performance Enhance Model can provide training direction for athletes to improve their weightlifting records.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.402-415
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• 1989

Extracorporeal circulation leads to functional disorder and structural damage of organs, especially hematologic and pulmonary system, mainly by sequestration of neutrophils and deposition of macrophages at lung. Then, proteases are secreted, which insult vascular basement membrane of pulmonary capillary and alveolar septa of the lung. Among these, the most important protease at lung is elastase, because major component of lung is elastin. For prevention of lung injury, inactivators or antidotes to elastase should be necessary and Alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor is the elastase inactivator. Clinical experimental study was carried out to investigate the immediate postoperative change of serum Alpha 1-PI level following cardiopulmonary bypass for 20 heart cases [congenital 16 cases, acquired 4 cases] and 10 control [subtotal gastrectomy] cases. Also preliminary study was performed for 31 cases of open heart patients. The results were as follows: l. Immediate postoperative serum levels of Alpha 1-PI was significantly decreased at open heart surgery group [P< 0.005], but not decreased at control group. 2. There were no significant difference in change of serum Alpha 1-PI level between and membrane and bubble oxygenator group.Z 3. There were no significant difference in changes of serum Alpha 1-PI level between CHD and AHD. Alpha 1-PI is consumed at lung during cardiopulmonary bypass and increase after operation compensatedly and protect multiple organic damage especially lung. Therefore, Alpha 1-PI can be indicator for evaluation of prevention and treatment of pump-lung syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

The C 1s photoelectron energy loss spectra of tris (8-hydroxy-quinoline) aluminum (Alq$_3$) and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis (3-methyl phenyl)-1,1'-bi-phenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) thin films have been investigated. Two major loss structures, namely the plasmon dominated loss lines and shake-up satellites, have been observed. The shake-up spectrum of the C 1s photoelectron line is directly related to the $\pi$-$\pi$$\^$*/ energy gap of the molecule which plays an important role in organic electroluminescent materials. The molecular orbitals of Alq$_3$ and TPD and their major components, quinolime and benzene, have been calculated with the AMI semi-empirical method. The amount of the plasma-dominated loss of Alq$_3$ and TPD, which has to do with the delocalization of electrons through the molecule, was about 24 eV, alike in both cases. The main peak of the C 1s shake-up spectrum of Alq$_3$ and TPD, however, was 5.2 eV and 6.8 eV respectively. It was found that the main shake-up peak reflects more the local $\pi$\longrightarrow$\pi$$\^$*/ transition of quinoline and benzene component rather than the excitation of the whole molecule of Alq$_3$ and TPD. The C 1s shake-up spectra, however, revealed some correlation with the optical energy gap of the organic eletroluminescent materials.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2000

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a upstream component of insulin signaling by which protein synthesis can be stimulated in many systems. To elucidate involvement of PI3K and its downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the insulin signaling in pleimplantation mouse embryos, 8-cell embryos were cultured to blastocysts in the presence or absence of insulin and／or inhibitor drugs. The number of blastomeres per blastocyst, protein synthesis, and protein phosphorylation were examined. There was significant difference in embryonic development to blastocyst stage and hatching was potentiated by the insulin supplementation. The increase in the mean celt numbers per blastocyst was apparent in the insulin culture. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor and rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR abolished the stimulatory effect of insulin on morphological development mitosis and protein synthesis. In autoradiography, phosphoproteins pp22 and pp30 which undergo phosphorylation in response to insulin were identified. Taken together, it can be suggested that PI3K and mTOR engaged in insulin signaling in the mouse embryo 8-cell onward and mediate embryotropic offset of insulin.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.929-936
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• 2004

A major limitation of available component-based platforms Is that they do not provide suitable means for describing and reasoning on the concurrent behaviour of interacting component-based system. Indeed while these platforms provide convenient ways to describe the typed signatures of components, e.g. like CORBA's IDL, they offer a quite low-level support to describe the concurrent behaviour of component. The ability to describe and verify the concurrent behaviour of interacting components is key aspect In the development of large component-based software system. This study propose a component interface specification using process algebra and configuration's role which allows one to prove correctness of software architecture generated at design level as well as to define compatibility relations by our evolution rule and $\pi$-graph. Also, we shown on an appropriateness of a specification techniques and definitions proposed in this paper by case-study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.112-118
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• 2021

In this study, an inspection method using a color image is proposed to conduct a real-time inspection of covalent organic framework (COF) films to detect defects, if any. The COF film consists of an upper pattern SR and a lower PI. The proposed system detects the defects of more than 20 ㎛ on the SR surface owing to the characteristics of the pattern, whereas on the PI surface, it detects defects of more than 4 ㎛ by utilizing a micro-optical system. In the existing system, it is difficult for the operator to conduct a full inspection through a high-performance microscope. The proposed inspection algorithm performs the inspection by separating each color component using the color contrast of the pattern on the SR side, and on the PI surface it inspects the bonding state of the mounted chip. As a result, it is possible to confirm the exact location of the defects through the SR and PI surface inspections in the implemented inspection.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2022

This paper proposes a new method for the recognition of road surface marks and numbers. The proposed method designates a region of interest on the road surface without first detecting a lane. The road surface markings are extracted by location and size using a connection component analysis. Distortion due to the perspective effect is minimized by normalizing the size of the road markings. The road surface marking of the connected component is recognized by matching it with the stored road marking templates. The proposed method is implemented using C language in Raspberry Pi 4 system with a camera module for a real-time image processing. The system was fixedly installed in a moving vehicle, and it recorded a video like a vehicle black box. Each frame of the recorded video was extracted, and then the proposed method was tested. The results show that the proposed method is successful for the recognition of road surface marks and numbers.