• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

Purpose: Since the facility guidelines for National Designated Isolation Unit wards(NDIUs) had been edited since 2016, all hospital who want to expand or install NDIU should adapt the new guidelines. Instead of providing area requirement, by the way, only essential or optional facility requirements are suggested except patient bedroom in the guidelines. So, as analyze area and area composition of the NDIUs, it could be expected that this study has a role as an area planing reference for not only NDIU but also another airborne infection isolation room. Methods: For the area analysis, 18 sample hospitals are selected among 2016 year applicants. All rooms in NDIUs are grouped as zones whether those are negative air pressurized or not and programed room or not. At the end, area of the zones are summarized and analysed a relationship between area increase and bed number by both correlation analysis and regression analysis. In addition, department usable and gross area per bed, N/G ratio, G/N ratio, and average area ratio of each zone is calculated. Results: First of all, rooms in none negative air pressurized zone of the NDIUs haven't shown a regular installation so that only those in negative air pressurized zone are targeted for the area analysis. Second of all, patient room unit(0.92) and support area(0.79), by correlation analysis, are correlated with total net area. Patient room unit(0.94) and total net area(0.79) are also shown a correlation with bed number. Department usable area($R^2=0.63$, y=36.278x + 102) and patient room unit area($R^2=0.89$, y= 27.993x - 0.8924) has a relationship with bed number by regression analysis. Average N/G is shown as 0.85 and G/N 1.36. Average area ratio of circulation, doffing area, patient room unit, and support area are 25.4%, 9.1%, 50.9%, and 14.6% in order. Implications: This study is a basic research for exploring the NDIUs guidelines to find resonable evidence to develop it for its practical use. Still, it is possibly expected that the guideline is to be developed by post occupancy evaluation in the area of where minimum requirement or facility grade needs to be defined, and by further studies with various perspectives.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1995

1991년 1월부터 12월까지 여수의 돌산도 및 속초 지역을 중심으로 말레이사상충증 매개종인 토고숲모기의 발생밀도 및 흡혈, 휴식습성을 조사하였다. 여수지역에서 조사한 성충의 계절적 발생 소장을 보면 4월 첫주부터 출현하기 시작하여 11월말까지 계속 발생하였으며 7월에 171개체가 채집되어 발생 밀도가 가장 높았다. 유충의 발생 밀도를 보면 속초는 3월부터 12월까지 발생하였으며 7월(1068.0개체)과 8월(1093.2개체)에 가장 많이 발생하였다. 여수지역은 1월부터 12 월까지 계속 발생하였으며 6월에는 932개체가 채집되어 발생밀도가 가장 높았고 동절기(12월, 1월, 2월)에는 번데기가 발견되지 않아 번데기로는 월동을 하지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. 두 지역에서 각각 전체 유충수의 45.7%와 51.7%가 0.5% 이하의 낮은 열도에서 서식하였다. 성충의 흡혈 활동이 활발한 시간은 01.00-03.00시였으며 장소는 옥내 대 옥외 비가 1:0.8로 옥내 흡혈비율이 약간 높았다. $CO_2$에 유인 효과는 중국얼룩날개모기가 117개체가 유인된 것에 비해 토고숲모기는 8.5개체가 유인되어 $CO_2$에 유인성이 적은 것으로 관찰되었다. 주간에 옥내 휴식하는 모기는 침실이 가장 많은 54.5%로 주휴식처였으며 헛간이 18 2% 마루와 부엌이 각각 9.1%가 채집되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide information about domestic living of Korean immigrants in Australia and Canada who have the same cultural background for comparative study. For this, usage of domestic space and living style in housing of 52 Korean households in Melbourne of Australia and 32 Korean households in the region of Waterloo of Canada were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire were used. Results of the research were as follows. 1. Korean immigrants in each countries were living in houses which was built by company of Australia and Canada. 44.2% of Korean immigrants in Australia were using L+D K and 53.1% of Korean immigrants in Canada were using L D K. 2. Laundry was indispensable for Korean immigrants in both countries and they all wanted to use the laundry as a utility room which could dry, ironing and so on. 3. Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Korean immigrants in both countries for hygienic reason. 4. Korean immigrants in both countries were ironing in master bedroom and they all wanted to separate it from there through renovation and extension and so on. 5. Korean immigrants in Canada were more active to use the formal lounge which has been planned as a traditional element of western house. 6. The seating style of Korean immigrants in both countries belong to chair-seating style mostly. But it was clear that they were making Kimchi with floor seating style in both countries. 7. A level of satisfaction about using carpet was not high for Korean immigrants in both countries cause of uneasiness to clean and it was considered to relate to the floor seating style of them. 8. Almost Korean immigrants were took off the shoes inside of the house and they had shoes cabinet beside the entrance or basement usually. 9. The most popular heating system was ducted heating in both countries. The level of satisfaction about this was different for Korean immigrants in Australia and Canada but most desirable heating system was Ondol for them in both countries commonly.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 농촌관광 방문객에게 제공되는 편의시설을 유형화하고 어떤 특징을 가진 방문객이 어떤 편의시설을 선호하는지를 규명하기 위한 방법과 그 분석결과를 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 우선 2단계 군집분석법을 사용하여 농촌관광 편의시설을 유형화하였다. 그 다음으로 군집분석에 사용되는 변인이 범주형 변인이 있을 경우 전통적인 군집분석 방법을 적용할 수 없기 때문에 2단계 군집분석을 하였다. 본 연구는 2단계 군집분석법이 범주형 변인으로 측정된 농촌관광의 편의시설을 유형화하는 데 매우 유용하다는 것을 보여 주고 있다. 다중로짓 모형을 사용하여 특정 편의시설 유형을 선호할 확률에 영향을 미치는 농촌관광 방문자의 사회인구학적 특성과 여행특성을 규명하였다. 즉, 다중로짓 모형을 통해 참조항(일반농가형)으로 설정된 편의시설 유형에 비해 특정 편의시설을 선호할 확률에 영향을 미치는 소비자의 특성을 규명할 수 있다는 것이 본 연구의 특징이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.132-151
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• 1988

This study was conducted to establish the control program for preventing unfavorable health effects of nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) exposure in homes by preparing the fundamental data for evaluation of relation-ships between $NO_2$ levels and influencing factors through measurements of indoor-outdoor $NO_2$ levels and personal $NO_2$ exposures for housewives with questionnaire survey on 172 homes in Pusan area from April to June, 1987 $NO_2$ measurements were made by using diffusion tube samplers(Palmes tube $NO_2$ sampler) for one week at 4 sites in homes ; kitchen(KIT), bedroom(BED), living room(LIV), outdoor(OUT) and near the collar of housewives(personal exposure livel, PNO). The details of questionnaire were number of household members(FAM), number of regular smokers (SMOKER), daily number of meals eaten(MEAL), type of housing units(HOUSE), location of house with distance from the heavy traffic roads as walking time(DIST), and of kitchen(KAREA), kind of cooking fuels(FUEL), cooking time of each meal(CTIME), usage of kitchen fan for cooking(FAN), type of heating facilities(HEAT) and so on of subject homes. The Obtained results were as fellows : 1) The mean $NO_2$ level was significantly higher at indoors than outdoors(p<0.01) and the kitchen $NO_2$ level was the highest with $33.7{\pm}13.6ppb$(9.5-81.5ppb). The mean personal exposure level of $NO_2$ for housewives was $20.6{\pm}8.8ppb$(3.1-46.9ppb). 2) The mean indoor $NO_2$ level was significantly higher in the group of household members above 5 than below 4(p<0.05), in detached dwellings than apartments(p<0.001), within 5 minutes of distance than over 5 minutes(p<0.001), in the group of unusing fan(p<0.001), in the group of longer cooking time(p<0.001), and it was in order of coal briquette, gas, electricity and oil by kind of cooking fuels(p<0.05). 3) Variables showing significant correlation(p<0.001) with indoor $NO_2$ level were kitchen $NO_2$ level(r=0.8677), cooking time(r=0.5921), outdoor $NO_2$ level(r=0.5192), personal $NO_2$ exposure level(r=0.4615), usage of kitchen fan(r=0.3573) and location of house(r=-0.2988) 4) As a result of multiple regression analysis, the most significant influencing variable to the kitchen $NO_2$ level was cooking time[KIT=$-0.378{\pm}11.772$(CTIME)+0.298(OUT)+3.102(FAN)], it was kitchen $NO_2$ level to the indoor $NO_2$ level[IND=6.996+0.458(KIT)+0.230(OUT)-1.127(KAREA)], and it was indoor $NO_2$ level to the personal $NO_2$ exposure level[PNO=15.562+0.729(IND)-4.542(DIST)-0.200(KIT)] 5) It was recognized that aritificial ventilation in the kitchen, suppression of unnecessary combustion and replacement of cooking fuel, as much as possible, were effective means for decreasing indoor $NO_2$ levels in homes.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2013

본 연구는 고체 흡착관과 TD-GC/MS를 이용하여 7종의 휘발성 유기화합물에 대한 열탈착 분석조건을 최적화하였고, 기체상 및 액상 표준물질 첨가한 고체 흡착관을 사용하여 얻어진 검정곡선으로부터 휘발성 유기화합물을 비교 정량하였다. 대응표본 t-검정 결과, 스타일렌을 제외하고 벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, o-, m- 및 p-자일렌을 포함한 6종의 휘발성 유기화합물에 대해서는 액상 표준물질에 의한 표준 흡착관법이 기체상에 의해 제작된 표준 흡착관법이 유의수준 (${\alpha}=0.01$)에서 일치한 반면, 스타일렌에 대해서는 기체상 및 액체상으로 작성된 검정곡선에서 감응인자가 15.6% 차이가 발생하였는데 이것은 두방법 간에 유의한 차이가 있다는 것을 의미하였다. 따라서 BTEX를 포함한 스타일렌을 정량하는데 오차를 감소시키기 위해 액상 표준물질을 이용한 고체상 흡착관법을 사용하였다. 바로 그 점이 이 논문의 핵심내용임. 즉, 고가의 표준가스 대신에 저가의 액상 표준물질을 사용하여 정량하더라도 스타일렌 이외에 거의 동일한 값을 나타내기 때문임. 액체상 표준물법 조건에서 7종의 VOCs의 회수율은 $100{\pm}5%$, 재현성은 0.3~7.7%, 검출한계는 o-자일렌의 $0.01{\mu}g/m^3$에서부터 톨루엔의 $0.27{\mu}g/m^3$까지 범위를 나타내었다. 이러한 최적화된 분석방법을 신축 기숙사, 원룸 아파트 및 신차의 실내공기 중 휘발성 유기화합물을 정량하는데 적용하였다.