• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2016

4D printing is a method that manufactures a programmed transformable 3d printed components that can be transformed in a pre-designed environment. We propose a service-oriented web architecture for supporting 4D printing system. Service model is classified under four kinds of functions: design, sharing, application and production. We designed RESTful web APIs for these functions. Some preliminary designs about the web API architecture and data modeling is discussed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.254-258
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• 2007

Five flavonoids, isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-galactosyl-4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (1), isorhamnetin 3,4'-di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-(6-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl)glucosyl-4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (3), isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-(6-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl)glucoside (4), and isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-(6-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl) galactoside (5) were isolated from the stems of Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. and their structures were identified based on LC-MS and NMR data.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.350-353
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• 2006

Generally, 4D CAD can be used for visualizing construction schedule information in railway construction project. It is important that 3D CAD object should be represented by real construction situation according to construction site condition. However, it is difficult to visualize real construction situation in 4D CAD viewer because 3D objects should be separated by limited duration of each activity. This study suggests a morphing technology for visualizing 4D object by each activity schedule according to real construction progress.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a widely used herbicide has caused serious environmental problems because of its difficult decomposition in nature. We isolated the strain capable of metabolizing 2,4-D as sole carbon and energy source by an enrichment culture technique from the 2,4-D contaminated soil collected at orchard in Gwangju, Korea. This strain was identified tentatively as Aeromonas sp. NOH2. With this strain, we established the response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design) to optimize the principle parameters for maximizing biodegradation of 2,4-D such as culture pH, temperature, and nutrient concentration in liquid batch culture. The ranges of parameters were obtained from preliminary works done at our laboratory and chosen as 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 for pH, 25, 30, and $35^{\circ}C$ for temperature, and 5, 20, and 35 g/1 nutrient concentration. Initial concentration of 2,4-D was 500 ppm and nutrient source was tryptic soy broth. The experimental data were significantly fitted to a second order polynomial equation using multiple regression. The most important parameter influencing 2,4-D degradation and biomass production was nutrient concentration. For 2,4-D degradation, the optimum values of pH and temperature, and nutrient concentration were obtained at pH (6.5), temperature (31.8 to $32.1^{\circ}C$), and nutrient concentration (29.6 to 30.1.0 g/1).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2002

Phenoxy compounds, 2,4-Dichlorophenol acetoxy acid (2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), are widely used as a hormonal herbicide and intermediate for pesticide manufacturing, respectively. In order to assess the potential of these compounds as endocrine disruptors, we studied the androgenicity of them wing in vivo and in vitro androgenicity assay system. Administration of 2,4-D (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or DCP (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) to rats caused an increase in the tissue weight of ventral prostate, Cowpers gland and glands penis. These increase of androgen-dependent tissues were additively potentiated when rats were simultaneously treated with low dose of testosterone (1 g/kg, s.c.). 2,4-D increased about 350% of the luciferase activity in the PC cells transiently cotransfected phAR and pMMTV-Luc at concentration of $10^{-9}$ M. In 2,4-D or DCP-treated castrated rats, testosterone 6$\beta$-hydroxylase activity was not significantly modulated even when rats were co-treated with testosterone. In vitro incubation of 2,4-D and DCP with microsomes at 50 $\mu$M inhibited testosterone 6$\beta$-hydroxylase activity about 27% and 66% in rat liver microsomes, about 44% and 54% in human liver microsomes and about 50% and 45% in recombinant CYP3A4 system, respectively. The amounts of total testosterone metabolites were reduced about 33% and 75% in rat liver microsomes, 69% and 73% in human liver microsomes and 54% and 64% in recombinant CYP3A4 by 2,4-D or DCP, respectively. Therefore, the additive androgenic effect of 2,4-D or DCP by the co-administration of the low dose of testosterone may be due to the increased plasma level of testosterone by inhibiting the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of testosterone. These results collectively suggested that 2,4-D and DCP may act as androgenic endocrine disrupter by binding to the androgen receptor as well as by inhibiting the metabolism of testosterone.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1994

The magneto-optical Kerr spectra(${\lambda}=250~700nm$) of amorphous RE-Co(RE=Ce, Nd, Pr, Gd, Tb, Er, Ho) are compared with those of Y-Co films. It has been found that the Kerr rotation of RE-Co is mainly due to Co in the long wavelength region, whereas at short wavelength Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd contribute positively, and Tb, Ho, and Er contribute negatively to the Kerr rotation of RE-Co amorphous films. In the interesting energy region(1.5~5.0 eV), the magneto-optical contribution of Pr and Nd are thought to be related with $4f{\uparrow}->5d{\uparrow}$ interband transition, and the contribution of Ce and Gd might be concerned with d->p interband transition. The magneto-optical effect of Tb in the short wavelength region might be related with $4f{\downarrow}->5d{\downarrow}$ and/or $5d{\downarrow}->4f{\downarrow}$, and that of Ho and Er can be explained by $4f{\downarrow}->5d{\downarrow}$ magneto-optical interband transition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2000

To search CDK4/Cyclin D1 enzyme inhibition materials, methanol extracts of native eighty seven plant species in thirty seven families were screened in vitro for their inhibiting activities against CDK4/Cyclin D1 enzyme which are control to the normal cell division cycle in human body. Extracts of Paeonia suffruticosa, Saurus chinensis, Sanguisorba officinalis and Celastrus orbiculatus among them significantly inhibited above fifty percent $(in\;5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ against CDK4/ Cyclin D1 enzyme. Especially, the extracts of P. suffruticosa and S. officinalis showed moderately strong inhibition. Also, cryptotanshinone was identified as active compound from a extracts of Salvia mitiorrhiza by spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.409-410
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• 2012

낮은 악력과 높은 악력으로 2등분 했을 때, 손가락 비율(2D:4D)에 대해 낮은 악력을 가진 남자가 높은 악력을 가진 남자보다 더 높은 2D:4D 비율을 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 이론을 토대로, 국내 대학생 중 축구선수를 대상으로 손가락 비율(2D:4D)과 체력과의 상관관계를 분석해보고자 한다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.233-245
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• 2013

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a Banach ternary algebra over a scalar field R or C and $\mathcal{X}$ be a ternary Banach $\mathcal{A}$-module. A quartic mapping $D\;:\;(\mathcal{A},[\;]_{\mathcal{A}}){\rightarrow}(\mathcal{X},[\;]_{\mathcal{X}})$ is called a $4^{th}$- order ternary derivation if $D([x,y,z])=[D(x),y^4,z^4]+[x^4,D(y),z^4]+[x^4,y^4,D(z)]$ for all $x,y,z{\in}\mathcal{A}$. In this paper, we prove Ulam stability generalizations of $4^{th}$- order ternary derivations associated to the following JMRassias quartic functional equation on fr$\acute{e}$che algebras: $$f(kx+y)+f(kx-y)=k^2[f(x+y)+f(x-y)]+2k^2(k^2-1)f(x)-2(k^2-1)f(y)$$.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a novel method for converting the existing 2D processes in the design and construction phase of civil engineering, to the future BIM-based processes. First, we compare and analyze the actual application processes of the outputs of the existing 2D method and the outputs of the 3D BIM method, for the whole process of BIM design of earthworks and road structures and integrated utilization of quantity, process(4D) and construction cost(5D), in view of life-cycle. The proposed method acquire the outputs of the design phase integrating IFC international common standard file information and CBS/OBS/WBS standard classification scheme information, and acquire the outputs of the construction stage by using an integrated utilization module for quantity, process(4D) and construction cost(5D). Ultimately, we intend to commercialize the step by step technologies for BIM design and construction in civil engineering by using the proposed method.