• Acta Via Serica
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2019

In the Iranian epic $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, there is a rather interesting story that recounts how the inhabitants of $B.s{\bar{i}}l\bar{a}$ cross-breed their domesticated horses with a magical horse living in the sea in order to obtain fine-bred ones. What is even more interesting is that similar accounts are also seen in many of other classical Perso-Arabic works and Chinese sources. The regions that such events took place in mainly spread over Central Asia and western China while in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, the story happens in $B.s{\bar{i}}l\bar{a}$, a legendary kingdom with its historical prototype being Silla. By sorting out certain records of how ancient people sought fine horses by cross-breeding domesticated horses with wild horses that inhabited mountains and waters within Chinese sources and classical Muslim works, and comparing these accounts with similar plot lines as depicted in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, this paper attempts to elucidate that the story in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$ is a result of flourishing land and maritime exchanges between East Asia and West Asia during ancient and medieval times, rather than a purely literary fiction. It was not only influenced by the horse culture that thrived over the Eurasian Steppe, but the story is also coincidentally in accordance with the fact that the nomadic zone which lies within the central Eurasian continent extends as far as the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1976

For this study, from July to December in 1975, the total of 160 samples of packaged ice creams(75 samples of carton, 50 samples of cone, and 35 samples of bar), manufactued by five different plants, were collected at markets in Seoul city area. And the chemical composition and microbial quality of those were analyzed and compared with each other samples. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The average milk fat contents of ice cream samples were 6.28% in carton, 6.42% in cone and 4.94% in bar. 2. The average total solid contents of ice cream samples were 33.45% in carton, 34.22% in cone and 29.46% in bar. 3. The average total protein contents of ice cream samples were 3.45% in carton, 3.16% in cone and 2.42% in bar. 4. The average milk solids-not-fat contents of ice cream samples were 10.46% in carton, 8.52% in cone and 7.72% in bar. 5. The average milk lactose contents of ice cream samples were 6.42% in carton, 5.57% in cone and 4.94% in bar. 6. The average crude ash contents of ice cream samples were 0.86% in carton, 0.78% in cone and 0.67% in bar. 7. The average Reichert-Meissl values of ice cream samples were 28.82 in carton, 27.85 in cone and 25.97 in bar. 8. In the both experiments of standard plate count and coliform count, the samples of ice cream in cone and carton showed lesser numbers than those in the form of bars. Of a total 160 samples examined, 6 samples gave standard plate counts of over 40,000/ml and 14 samples gave coliform counts of over 10/ml.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.524-527
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• 2002

This paper is on the development of an educational 6-axis articulated manipulator using 4-bar linkage system. Especially, the 2$^{nd}$ and the 3$^{rd}$ axes need large torque to control the movement of an end-effect. However, small motors (RC-servo, DC-gear, stepping meters) are used for the 4-bar linkage. In addition the manipulator can be operated by a switch and also motion can be realized automatically, based on C-language coded users programs..

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.456-462
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new planar robotic manipulator using stackable 4-BAR mechanisms for various applications. The proposed manipulator has an advantage that we can separate the driving actuators from a robotic manipulator. By separating actuators from the manipulator, we are able to separate the electrical component such as electrical wiring from the mechanical linkage/joint components in the robotic manipulator. Also, we suggest the kinematic analysis of the proposed manipulator which is composed of input mechanisms, multiple 4-BAR mechanisms and output mechanisms. Finally, we suggest numerical simulations to show the effectiveness of the proposed manipulator.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.435-444
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• 1997

Bars in a river bed show the flow of the river, the shape of a river bar can be easily measured in any river. The purpose of this study is to research the morphological characteristics of river bars. The case study area is the lower Golgi River, six bars were examined. All six bars are gravel bars with a grain size in excess of 2 millimeters. Four of the bars are longitudinal bars, in which the direction of the bar follows the river current. After analyzing the gravel in the bars, it was determined that as the gravel flows down the river, gravel grain size decreases while grain roundness increases. The shape of bar varies locally according to flow regime, channel slope, and w/d ratio.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.505-509
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• 2000

The kinetic structure of the content of instructions at the unit of 'heart and circulation' in "the common science", which was respectively given by two teachers majored in biology and two teachers majored in earth science was investigated. Concerning of the mean of the fundamental coefficient (B1), the mean of weighted coefficients (B2) and the progression of instruction (P), T4 (B1, 0.14; B2, 0.82; P; 0.86) teacher showed relatively lower kinetic structure and faster progression than those of the others. The other teachers showed a different level of the kinetic structure and progression: T1(B1, 0.21; B2, 0.86; P; 0.79), T2 (B1, 0.02; B2, 0.85; P; 0.80), and T3 (B1, 0.22; B2, 0.83; P; 0.78). T1 teacher who showed the largest total frequency of verbal elements, the great number of sorts of verbal elements and secondary span, had a higher level of the kinetic structure, but T4 teacher showed the lowest level of total frequency of verbal elements, the great number of sorts of verbal elements and secondary span. The main reason why T4 teacher's instruction achieved a lower level of kinetic structure was estimated that he neglected to reorganize teaching materials and he showed a small number of discourse units. In addition, the unit of 'heart and circulation' was less related to T4 teacher's major and T4 teacher had a shorter teaching experience than those of the others. T4 teacher also took charge of only one class, and this did not allow to instruct repeatedly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.330-337
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• 1997

Thiocarboxamidocinnamonitrile derivatives 2 under bar a-f reacted with 3-aminopyrazole derivative 3 under bar a-c to give the pyrazole[3, 2-b]pyrimidine derivatives 6 under bar a-p. Compounds 6 under bar a-p were used as starting material for syntheses of several heterocylic coompounds. Dehydrogenation of 6 under bar gave pyrazole[3, 2-b]pyrimidines 10 under bar a-d while its reaction with diethyl oxalate gave 11 under bar. Reactions of 6 under bar with formic acid gave pyrazolopyrimidines 17 under bar a-j, and pyrazolopyrimidopyrimidines 18 under bar a-j.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.751-770
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• 2016

Purpose: Two-stage ${\bar{X}}$ chart is a useful tool for process control when a surrogate variable may be used together with a performance variable. This paper extends the two-stage ${\bar{X}}$ chart to a three stage version by decomposing the first stage into the preliminary stage and the main stage. Methods: The expected cost function is derived using Markov-chain approach. The optimal designs are found for numerical examples using a genetic algorithm combined with a pattern search algorithm and compared to those of the two-stage ${\bar{X}}$ chart. Sensitivity analysis is performed to see the parameter effects. Results: The proposed design outperforms the optimal design of the two-stage ${\bar{X}}$ chart in terms of the expected cost per unit time unless the correlation between the performance and surrogate variables is modest and the shift in process mean is smallish. Conclusion: Three-stage ${\bar{X}}$ chart may be a useful alternative to the two-stage ${\bar{X}}$ chart especially when the correlation between the performance and surrogate variables is relatively high and the shift in process mean is on the small side.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.943-956
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• 2017

Purpose: This paper proposes a VSS(Variable Sample Size) ${\bar{X}}$ control chart using surrogate variable and shows its effectiveness compared with FSS(Fixed Sample Size) ${\bar{X}}$ control chart using either performance variable or surrogate variable. Methods: The expected cost function of VSS ${\bar{X}}$ control chart is derived. The optimal designs are then found for numerical examples using a GA(genetic algorithm) and compared to those of the FSS ${\bar{X}}$ control charts. Results: Computational results show that VSS ${\bar{X}}$ control chart using surrogate variables is superior to FSS ${\bar{X}}$ control chart using either performance variable or surrogate variable from the economic view points. Conclusion: The proposed VSS ${\bar{X}}$ control chart will be useful in industry fields where a performance variable is not avaliable or too costly.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.21-57
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• 2011

Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(妙闻集)是印度传统医学最重要的经典著作之一, 与"Caraka-samhit$\bar{a}$(闺罗迦集)"以及成 书于八世纪的"Astangahrdaya-samhita(八心集)"(內外科综合概要)并称 $\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)'的"三位长老", 至今仍是当代印度 '$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)' 正规教育所采用的主要科书. Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(妙闻集)"是卷一"总說"46章, 卷二"病因论"16章, 卷三"身　论"10章, 卷四"治疗论"40章, 卷五"毒物;论"8章, 卷六"补遗"66章等总共186章构成的. 其作者为苏斯鲁塔(Su$\acute{s}$ruta), 故此书亦称"Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhita(苏斯鲁塔本集)". "Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$ 的成书年代无法　定, 虽然不乏认为其成书年代可以上溯到纪元 前若干世纪者，但现今一般倾向于认为其传世本的形成是在公元3~4世纪. 不论是想真正了解 '$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)', 还是想对不同医学体系做比较, 交流方面的硏究, 或是全面考察医学与社会, 哲学等等的关系, 仅仅阅读综述性的硏究文章与著作总是不够的. 细观而真正了解经典原貌时所能体会到的真实感. 因此, 试图了翻译 "Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$". "Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$是用梵语写的, 所以很难接近. 以下借助大地原诚玄的1943年日译本"スシュルタ本集" 之第一卷 "总說" 而廖育群的"阿輪吠陀-印度的传统医学" "妙闻集.总论篇" 的主要内容译出. 如今西医体系获得了普遍性, 其他文化圈的传统医学消灭了. 然而其中韩医学和印度传统医学 '$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)' 仍然保持了生命力. 从而, 论者通过翻译 '$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)' 医学经典即 "Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(妙闻集)"的"总說", 而且要贡献扩大韩医学和东洋传统医学的范围.