• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Recently, the emergence of new technologies caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution caused a great change not only in the overall society but also in the retail industry. In the retail industry, unmanned stores based on new technologies have emerged, changing the consumption behavior of consumers. In particular, the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, which appeared in December 2019, raised social risks, and as a result of this, the beginning of the non-face-to-face era, interest in unmanned stores is increasing. In this study, the effects of benefits factors (perceived usefulness, perceived economics, perceived enjoyment, relative advantages) and sacrifice factors (perceived risk, technicality) perceived by unmanned store users on continuous use intention through perceived value. In addition, it is a study to test through empirical analysis what role the social risk from COVID-19 plays in the process of consumption through unmanned stores. The purpose of this study is to provide strategic implications for the activation of unmanned stores in the non-face-to-face era. In this study, a total of 293 copies of data were collected for users of unmanned stores for hypothesis testing. In addition, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical programs. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, it was found that the perceived benefits (perceived usefulness, perceived economics, perceived playfulness, and relative advantages) of unmanned stores all had a significant positive effect on perceived value. Second, it was found that all perceived sacrifices (perceived risk, technicality) of unmanned stores had a significant negative effect on perceived value. Third, it was found that the perceived value of unmanned stores had a significant positive effect on the intention to continue use. Finally, the social risk from COVID-19 has been shown to play a moderating role when the perceived sacrifice of unmanned stores affects the perceived value.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.104-122
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• 2019

In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, maker education is drawing attention as a method of student-led education. At a time when interest in maker education is also growing in technology education, figuring out what stage of concern(SoC) a middle school technology teacher is critical to effective implementation. This study analyzed SoC in maker education by layer sampling among 400 middle school technology teachers using Concerns-based adoption model. SoC was then obtained by measuring the origin using the SoCQ and then presenting it as a SOCQ profile. Gender, training experience with two lower variables were analyzed using t verification, working cities, teaching experience with more than three lower variables were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Studies showed that SoC in maker education of middle school technology teachers showed the most similar characteristics to that of non-users. The difference in concern depending on gender was that male teachers were more concerned in maker education than female teachers. The difference in concern depending on the working city was that teachers working in the township were more concerned in the maker education than teachers working in the large city, and the difference in concern depending on the teaching career was higher among teachers with middle experience than those with low and high experience. There was also a higher stage of concern in maker education than in teachers without training experience. Therefore, it is necessary to provide middle school technology teachers with an introduction to the maker education and various information, teaching, learning and evaluation data to enhance overall concern and to support the use and evaluation of the maker education in the classroom by providing various teacher training and consulting on the maker education in the future. Further, through further study, we should conduct study that analyzes both Stage of Concern, Level of Use and Innovation Configuration, to put in the effort for effective settlement of maker education.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

The 2015 Revised National Curriculum emphasizes software education to develop creative and convergent talents in preparation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop competency-based training programs for informatics teachers in a rapidly changing educational environment. In this background, this study selects a framework to analyze the content of in-service training for informatics teachers through review of previous studies. By analyzing the current training programs to strengthen competencies required for informatics teachers in secondary schools, the study aims to develop implications for future in-service training programs. To this end, the study conducted a questionnaire survey of experts who participated in the development of in-service training textbooks and consulted them, then analyzed the elements of competency-based training program content and the relative importance of each competency element using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to the results of the analysis, the content was relatively concentrated on the competency of "Understanding and Reconstructing the National Curriculum" required for general and informatics teachers as well, which accounted for 47% of all, or 7 hours out of the total 15 hours. In contrast, the content structure lacked the competency of highly relative importance by competency element "Establishing and Using Teaching-Learning Strategies for Informatics," which took up the highest portion of 27%. These findings will be used as basic data for understanding and reflecting the areas that fall short of the development of in-service training programs for informatics teachers.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2017

The importance of service science is emphasized in the modern economy, and the value and necessity of service research still increasing. Since the service research framework was proposed, it has been studied from various perspectives and incorporated into one framework--service research. The direction of service research has been established and a new baseline of research has been established. However, the modern economic and social environment could be described as a new era, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has changed drastically. More and more systematic research on services has become necessary. Therefore, this study analyzed the field of service research in the existing framework. The study suggested how service research could broaden the horizon of service research by studying the 'what'. To do this, we analyzed recent service research trends by themes. We also identified the shortcomings of previous studies about service, and suggested directions and research themes for future research. Based on this study we developed a general approach to the creation of new models from the viewpoint of service science. The authors were also able to develop a general approach to areas such as service innovation, service inference, service solution, and service design leverage. In addition, it is necessary to extend service research and business model to the utilization of service technology. This approach could contribute to forming the basis of future service development, and to utilize social media to create new value of innovative company. The results of this study could contribute to deepening and expanding service research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.262-269
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• 2020

Recently, many attempts have been made to reduce the time required for payment in various shopping environments. In addition, for the Fourth Industrial Revolution era, artificial intelligence is advancing, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming more compact and cheaper. So, by integrating these two technologies, access to building an unmanned environment to save people time has become easier. In this paper, we propose a smart shopping cart system based on low-cost IoT equipment and deep-learning object-detection technology. The proposed smart cart system consists of a camera for real-time product detection, an ultrasonic sensor that acts as a trigger, a weight sensor to determine whether a product is put into or taken out of the shopping cart, an application for smartphones that provides a user interface for a virtual shopping cart, and a deep learning server where learned product data are stored. Communication between each module is through Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a Hypertext Transmission Protocol network, a You Only Look Once darknet library, and an object detection system used by the server to recognize products. The user can check a list of items put into the smart cart via the smartphone app, and can automatically pay for them. The smart cart system proposed in this paper can be applied to unmanned stores with high cost-effectiveness.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-125
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• 2020

In the rapidly changing era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the business environment surrounding venture companies is also changing rapidly. In recent years, the government has reorganized the venture verification system, including expanding the types and scope of venture companies. This study analyzes the current status of venture preferential system from the perspective of technology-based start-up companies and in addition, this paper proposes a plan for improving the legal system. For analysis, The relevant provisions were confirmed through a search using "venture" as a keyword in the National Legal Information Center and the Korean Court of General Law. Then, meaningful texts were extracted along with relevant data to secure basic data and analyzed by benefits, by means and by content. As a result of the study, Venture preferential treatment system is focused on 'reduction of burden' by the means of benefits, and on 'financial' and 'production' by benefits. In conclusion, four suggestions for improvement are presented. First, efforts are needed to increase the practical applicability of venture-related clauses. Second, the venture preferential treatment system is mainly focused on mitigating the burden, so efforts are needed to find a balance. Third, the venture preferential treatment system is mainly focused on the 'non-research' field, so the benefits of the 'research' field should be expanded. Finally, efforts to discover and overcome blind spots in the venture preferential system should be supported.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2020

The era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is increasingly demanding mathematical competencies for virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI) and the like. In this context, this study intended to identify the basic mathematical competency levels of university freshman students in radiology department and to provide basic data thereon. For this, the diagnostic assessment of basic learning competencies for the domain of mathematics was conducted from June 17, 2019 to June 28, 2019 among 78 freshman students of radiology department at S university and D university. As a result, the university students' overall basic mathematical competency levels were diagnosed to be excellent. However, their levels in the sectors of the geometry and vector and the probability and statistics were diagnosed to be moderate, with the mean scores of 2.61 points and 2.64 points, respectively, which were found to be lower than those of the other sections. As for basic mathematical competency levels according to genders, the levels of male students and female students were diagnosed to be excellent, with the mean scores of 17.48 points and 16.29 points, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Given the small number of subjects and regional restriction, there might be some limitations in the generalization of the findings of the present study to all university freshman students and all departments. The above results suggest that it is necessary to implement various programs such as student level-based special lectures for enhancing basic mathematical competencies relating to major in order to improve the basic mathematical competencies of freshman students in radiology department, and that it is necessary to increase the students' mathematical competencies by offering major math courses in the curriculum and applying teaching-learning methods matching students' levels.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.788-817
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• 2018

This paper aims to explore the relationship between organizational competencies and performance by analysing perception survey data of R&D management agencies in Korea. The regression analysis results show the perceived performance measured by policy contribution and R&D management efficiency may be enhanced by organizational competencies such as professionalism and efficiency of R&D management specialized agencies. The paper suggests several improvement measures for strengthening professionalism of R&D management agencies in Korea. First, expertise competencies for strategic planning, management, evaluation need to be empowered in the whole process of R&D cycles. Second, in order to stabilize financial resources of R&D management specialized agencies, the existing R&D budget for Planing, Evaluation and Management should be reformed. Third, R&D management specialized agencies need setting up special organizations for managing inter-organizational collaboration with other R&D organizations. And the agencies should employ special experts in each position for strategic planning, management, evaluation, performance and commercialization. Finally, different R&D management procedures of each R&D management specialized agency need to be standardized in order to promote innovative R&D culture.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

It is urgent in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that students become creative and integrative thinkers. In this vein, in the last few years, drawing upon constructivism as an innovative learning paradigm, new coding curricula using MIT's Scratch have been introduced in the number of countries to enhance computational thinking (CT). However, constructivism encouraging collaborative and active learning may not be explicitly utilized in instructional design focusing mainly on learning to code as technical skills - some of which exist today in large numbers of school and after-school code activities. To respond to such a misleading way of developing CT through coding, the present study aims to propose the benefits of CT self-assessment rubrics for primary pre-service teachers within a CT course entitled "Problem Solving by Computational Thinking". Our findings show how meaningful collaborative CT self-assessment in a group impacts their learning of CT. We end this paper with the discussion of implications of our findings for CT assessment towards a new paradigm in education.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.269-278
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of problem-based learning on self-directed learning ability and learning flow of junior college students. The study was conducted on 248 students from five departments who participated in the faculty learning community program, which was supported by the Center for Teaching and Learning Development at D University in Busan. The effectiveness of the survey conducted before and after the application of the problem-based learning method was examined to show statistically significant changes in both self-directed learning ability and learning flow. A survey on satisfaction with the problem-based learning method showed that 66.2% of all students were satisfied with their classes overall, and 64% of the respondents said that the problem-based learning method helped them understand the course, which allowed them to verify the effectiveness of the study method. This research is meaningful in that it can be used as a basic data for the search for learner-centered education methods required by the era of the fourth industrial revolution.