• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to set the standard items of the garment size for infants. The studied subject consisted of 560 infants from at brith to 12 months of Pusan and Gyeongnam area. The Results from this analysis are as follows; 1. The most significant growths in body dimensions of infants as an month age advanced. Expecially, stature, weight and the items of height and length showed a quite rapid growth, but the items of girth, breadth and depth showed a slow growth. 2. The coefficient of correlation between stature and weight shows high value. The result of interpretation of the extracted components are as follows. It will be more appropriate to use the method of parallerizing with height and weight items rather than with month age in classficating and indicating of size for infant garment and in taking the head girth as basic item of infant for head-gears. Consequently, as the standard items for the classification of clothing constuction of infants, it is advisable to select weight alone or both stature and weight. 3. According to the method of classifying the somatotype by the index of body soundness, the Rohrer.Kaup index on the basis of standard items, weight and stature was divided into somatotype.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2007

This research examined age differences in the way 3-, 4-, 5-year-old children solve scientific problems involving magnetic and nonmagnetic objects. Their scientific process skills and scientific concepts were examined in 1) hypothesis setting, 2) hypothesis verification and 3) hypothesis application. Data was analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA and Scheffe. Children's scientific process skill presented differences by age in each phase of problem solving. That is, the scientific concept level demonstrated by 4-year-olds was higher than that of the 3-year-olds. That of the 5-year-olds was higher than the 4-year-olds. In addition, in all age groups, the children showed a higher level of understanding about magnetic and non-magnetic objects in the hypothesis application phase than in the hypothesis setting phase.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2001

Whereas oral ranula is relatively common and presents as a cyst in the mouth, the plunging ranula is rare and manifests itself as a mass in the neck with or without an associated oral lesion. When there is a soft anterior neck swelling without oral swelling, diagnosis is still difficult. In such a case, clinical suspicion may be low and the pathologist may be misled by the histologic appearance. Recognition of the diagnosis of plunging ranula is essential for the correct treatment of these lesions. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl and review the literatures to discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment modalities.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's acquisition of cardinality in terms of a framework that isolates two cognitive components, analysis of knowledge and control of processing. The subjects were 30 4-and 5- year-olds who were asked to solve three problems that required an understanding of cardinality. The problems were designed to place different demands on these processing components on the tasks than the 4-year-olds and correlastion among scores on the three tasks show that there is no correlation between the tower task assessing control and the two tasks that assessed analysis. The implications of the results are that aspects of symbolic development may be a broadly based process that extends beyond domain-specific boundaries.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the weight measurement tasks according to children's ages and whether 4-to 6-year-old children use proper measurement equipment to measure weight. The study subjects were 105 preschool children: 37,38, and 30 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children, respectively. The results showed that young children use 3 to 4 strategies. They used a strategy to estimate objects visually on the first step in measurement by direct comparison. On the second step, in measurement by nonstandard unit, they held up objects with one hand or two hands. That is, two strategies were shown in measuring objects with hands in this second step. On the third step, which is measured by standard unit, they used a strategy to choose the equal arm balance out of suggested measurement equipment.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2004

This study investigated the relationship between pretend play and comprehension of pretense by type of stipulated transformation among 2-and 4-year-olds children. Each child participated in pretend play with its mother for 10 minutes and in a stipulated task for comprehension of pretense. There was a significant difference in 2- and 4-year-olds in frequency and level of pretend play, and pretend play behavior was related to comprehension of pretense. Level of pretend play was positively related to comprehension of 'complexity' of stipulated transformations. This showed that there was significant relationship between development of pretend play and ability to comprehend pretense based on physical transformation.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.73-95
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• 2007

Causal relationships of kindergarteners' phonological awareness and processing to their ability to read words was investigated with the participation of 289 4- to 6-year-old children attending three kindergartens in Busan. Results showed gradual growth in reading ability with age. Children performed best in reading words and poorest in reading low frequency letters. They showed continuous development in skills of syllable deletion, phoneme substitution, phoneme insertion, phonological memory and naming. Discontinuous development was found in counting syllables. Longer syllables were difficult to count, and middle syllables of 3 syllable words were hard to delete. Children had poor perception of final consonants of Consonant-Vowel-Consonant syllables. Children's phonological awareness and processing were latent variables strongly related to ability to read words written in Hangul.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the characteristics of morphological, contextual as relational aggression among 4-year old children during free play periods. The ethnographic methods included participants observation of children's play interaction behaviors, field notes, video taping and analysis of transcribed date. The results are as exclusion occurred by group power taking the relational attribute, including direct language, while the other would not be revealed easily other than being in line with real relation. Also as follows; proactive relational aggression was more frequently observed in girls, and their major strategies employed against someone they disliked were ignoring them, distorting play-rules, and so on. Major strategies of reactive relational aggression in girls were largely manipulative in nature, for example, 'threatrning their friend' and 'withdrawal of friendship'.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

The present study aimed at investigating the relations between the amount of child care experienced in the first three years of life and socioemotional development of children at age 4 indicated by problem behaviors and peer competence. Using the longitudinal data of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC), the information of 1,699 children were analyzed. The results indicated that any child care experience, hours in child care, full-time child care and early entry to child care were significantly related to children's externalizing behavior problem and play disruption at age 4. Some significant relations were detected between child care experience and better peer competence as well. Interestingly, the patterns of relations were different for boys and girls. Being in child care, a greater amount of child care and early entry to child care tended to be related to externalizing problem behaviors of boys and whereas they were more related to peer competence of girls indicated by play interaction, play disruption and play disconnection. Child care hours at age 3 were relative stronger predictors of children's development compared to those at age 1 or at age 2. The findings imply that the amount of child care during the first 3 years of life does not have strong harmful effects on preschoolers' socioemotional development and that there are differences in the effects of child care on boys and girls.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.162-176
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• 2016

숲공간에서의 경험과 놀이가 유아의 성장과 발달에 효과적으로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀지면서, 최근 숲활동공간에 대한 연구와 관련 조성사업이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 많은 연구들이 숲활동의 효과를 중심으로 하고 있어, 숲활동을 위한 공간설계에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 숲활동공간의 물리적 환경특성이 유아놀이행태와 유아발달 과정에 미치는 영향을 파악하여, 숲활동공간 설계 시 적용할 수 있는 근거를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법으로는 우선 유아발달과정의 지표인 인지 사회놀이를 유아의 놀이행태유형으로 선정하고, 숲활동공간은 놀이시설공간과 숲속공간으로 구분하였다. 각 공간의 환경특성으로는 놀이시설공간의 경우, 놀이영역과 포장재, 숲속공간의 교목 및 관목밀도, 경사, 포장재, 자연낱개재료로 선정하였다. 환경조사와 행태관찰조사를 바탕으로 만 4, 5세 유아들이 각 공간에서 보이는 놀이행태의 유형과 발생빈도를 조사분석하였다. 연구결과, 1) 놀이시설공간에서는 시설과 모래장이 함께 있는 시설물놀이터에서 놀이행태가 높게 발생했으며, 인지 사회놀이는 기능-혼자와 기능-병행놀이가 우세하게 발현되었다. 2) 숲속공간에서는 낮은 밀도의 식재공간과 자연낱개재료가 있는 환경에서 다양한 유아놀이행태가 나타났고, 기능-집단놀이와 발달단계의 최상위인 상징-집단놀이가 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 3) 상징-집단놀이는 소밀도 이하의 교목, 10~20도 경사, 땅에 고정된 대형 그루터기의 환경특성에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아들의 놀이행태를 직접 관찰하고 분석함으로써, 유아들의 숲활동을 위한 공간조성시 적용할 수 있는 물리적 환경특성의 기준이 될 것으로 기대한다.