• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.302-311
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• 2018

Using cylindrical paper pot nursery method, three kinds of commercial tomatoes 'Dafnis', 'DOTAERANG DIA' and 'Maescala' were grafted onto a commercial rootstock 'B blocking'. From 10 to 40 days after graft-take, growth traits of seedlings were investigated by 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0S treatments of standard nutrient solution(S) for seedling growth, and top to root ratio(TRR), compactness(CP) and Dickson Quality Index(DQI) were calculated. Two weeks after transplanting of the seedlings under three different night temperature targeting to 10, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$, which were not precisely controlled, the relative growth rate (RGR) was investigated. The quantitative growth traits of grafted seedlings increased with increasing fertilizer concentration, and various range of seedling size could be produced. Compactness and DQI were significantly regressed (Adj $R^2=0.9480$). Short-term RGR after transplanting was higher at 1.0S treatment of standard nutrient solution at the seedling age of 30 days and 40 days after graft-take(DAGT). DQI and RGR were significantly regressed linearly at respective fertigation strength. Specially the diminishing slope of RGR was lower at 1.0S fertigation strength with the increase of DQI than others. The results indicate that DQI could be applied as a quality index of grafted tomato seedlings and the relation analysis between DQI and short-term RGR also could be used to determine the good quality seedlings of grafted tomato grown in cylindrical paper pot.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1992

For intraoperative radiation therapy using electron beams, a cone system to deliver a large dose to the tumor during surgical operation and to save the surrounding normal tissue should be developed and dosimetry for the cone system is necessary to find proper X-ray collimator setting as well as to get useful data for clinical use. We developed a docking type of a cone system consisting of two parts made of aluminum: holder and cone. The cones which range from 4cm to 9cm with 1cm step at 100cm SSD of photon beam are 28cm long circular tubular cylinders. The system has two 26cm long holders: one for the cones larger than or equal to 7cm diamter and another for the smaller ones than 7cm. On the side of the holder is an aperture for insertion of a lamp and mirror to observe treatment field. Depth dose curve. dose profile and output factor at dept of dose maximum. and dose distribution in water for each cone size were measured with a p-type silicone detector controlled by a linear scanner for several extra opening of X-ray collimators. For a combination of electron energy and cone size, the opening of the X-ray collimator was caused to the surface dose, depths of dose maximum and 80%, dose profile and output factor. The variation of the output factor was the most remarkable. The output factors of 9MeV electron, as an example, range from 0.637 to 1.549. The opening of X-ray collimators would cause the quantity of scattered electrons coming to the IORT cone system. which in turn would change the dose distribution as well as the output factor. Dosimetry for an IORT cone system is inevitable to minimize uncertainty in the clinical use.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.625-633
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• 2015

Olive flounder (Parlichthys olivaceus) is a large carnivorous fish that live at coastal area and shallow seas in Korea. It was good texture and clean taste because of a high collagen content and low lipid content. More than 70% of olive flounder annual production was traded alive, consequently processing food product from olive flounder is rare to be towed. This study was conducted to investigate the best method of olive flounder cutlet processing. Clean fillet (headless, skinless and contain no viscera part) of olive flounder were divided into 5 portion. Every 100 g of olive flounder meat was wrapped with vinyl then flatten with meat hammer. Flatten fillet then was coated with wheat flour, and seasoned with salt and pepper. These were then coated with egg wash and bread crumbs. Two different method of processing was to make this olive flounder cutlet. Cutlet-1 was fried for 1 min in olive oil, then kept in polyethylene film vacuum packaging ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. After 7 days the cutlet was thawed and heat up in microwave for 2 min (Sample-1). The other proup is cutlet-2, which is directly stored in polyethylene film vacuum packaging at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days then thawed and fried for 1 min in olive oil (Sample-2). The factors such as pH, TBA value, amino-N, free amino acid, chemical composition, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the olive flounder cutlet (Sample-1, Sample-2) were measured. From the result of sensory evaluation, Sample-2 showed a little high scores than Sample-1. But there was no significant differences in color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptance between Sample-1 and Sample-2 products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.605-613
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• 2016

The quality and shelf life of sliced root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Doraji) treated by ozon-microbubble-heat shock (OMH) were investigated by combining modified-atmosphere packaging [MAP, ($50%O_2+15%CO_2+35%N_2$)]. The study was based on microbiological (total viable bacteria, fungi, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms numbers), physicochemical and sensory changes. OMH treatment was effective in reducing microbial populations of the sliced Doraji, especially Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms reduced by 2 log CFU/g. However OMH-MAP treatment remained the aerobe and fungi numbers. Regarding the color, OMH-MAP delayed the change of Hunter $b^*$ and the sliced Doraji by OMH-MAP treatment exhibited lower decrease of flavor and overall acceptability compared to those by polypropylene packaging after tap water treatment (Control). The OMH and $50%O_2+15%CO_2$ MAP treatment gave better sensory quality and extended shelf-life for sliced Doraji (~3 days longer shelf-life than Control). Flavor was significantly related to overall acceptability at both Control and OMH-MAP, whereas total coliforms prevalence was associated with overall acceptability at only OMH-MAP. Therefore microbubble-heat shock treatment may improve microbial safety and sliced Doraji by OMH treatment can stored under $50%O_2+15%CO_2$ treatment for up to 7 days. Thus, OMH and MAP treatment may be used in maintaining the storage quality and marketability of sliced Doraji.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.311-321
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• 2008

In order to improve the insufficient protein content of Jeung-Pyun with respect to sitology, as well as its fermentation process, this study prepared Jeung-Pyun doughs containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g of milk, respectively, and examined their mechanical and functional characteristics. The internal structure of the Jeung-Pyun was observed by SEM. With regard to color, the L-value increased with increasing amounts of added milk, and the highest value (65.43) occurred in the group containing 20 g of added milk; however, there were no significant differences among groups. The group containing 20 g of added milk also presented the highest a-value, and the samples with added milk had higher b-values than the control. At 8 hours of fermentation, the 10 g- and 15 g-added milk groups had viscosities of 5726.67 and 6600 respectively; viscosity increased with increasing amounts of milk, and the added-milk groups had significantly higher values than the control group. Hardness also increased with increasing amounts of added milk. However, there were no significant differences in resilience and cohesive power among the groups. The groups containing 5 and 10 g of added milk had the lowest cohesion and break values. For appearance, the group without added milk had the whitest color. Pore size decreased and showed less uniformity as the amount of added milk increased. The unique tackju aroma of Jeung-Pyun decreased significantly as the level of added milk increased, and the 20 g addition presented the lowest value. The 10 g-added milk group had the highest level of sweetness, and sourness increased with increasing amounts of added milk. For softness, the control group was estimated as slightly softer than the added-milk groups. The stickiest sample was generally preferred when considering taste, white color, and sweetness. Among the quality characteristics, having greater stickiness, resilience, moisture, and softness was better in terms of chewing. Overall, the size of the Jeung-Pyun containing 10 g of milk was even and well-developed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-45
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• 1992

This study presents the behavioral and cognitive changes by administration of methylphenidate(MPH) and imipramine(IMI) for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in $5_{1/2}{\sim}12$ years old children referred to child psychiatric clinics. Behavioral changes are assessed with parent's and teacher's ratings. Drug effects on attention. short-term memory, and impulsivity are evaluated with psychological tests in laboratory. The changes were assessed twice in a 8-week periods. The data were analyzed seperately for 15 subjects each drug using repeated measured analysis of variance(ANOVA). The findings indicates that behavioral and cognitive impairments are improved by both drugs, but impulsivity is not. And MPH is superior to IMI on the improvement of attentional problem ; especially the findings indicates important differences between simple task and complex. perceptual-search task. These data confirm the effectiveness of MPH for treatment of ADHD, also raise questions regarding assessment method of attention and impulsivity as fell as importance of impulsivity in ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to investigate the change of the palatal length after palatoplasty in congenital cleft palate. With the data from one hundred and twelve patients with cleft palate who had been treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital over a period of 10 years(April 1995 to April 2004). The epidemiological characteristics, the method of palate repair, the postoperative complications and the extent of palatal lengthening were investigated and analyzed statistically. Incomplete cleft palate occurs more frequently than complete cleft palate. Male were affected 2.1 times more than female in complete cleft palate, and female were affected 1.2 times more than male in incomplete cleft palate. Dorrance method and Wardill V-Y method were frequently used in repair of incomplete cleft palate. Wardill V-Y method, Furlow double opposing Z-plasty, two flap method, and Perko method were widely used in repair of complete cleft palate. The extent of palatal lengthening was greater in the incomplete cleft palate group(5.84 mm) than in the complete cleft palate group(4.71 mm), and in the Furlow double opposing Z-plasty group(5.70 mm) than in the push back palatoplasty group(5.33 mm). But no significant difference was noted. Palatal fistula and wound dehiscence were popular postoperative complications in cleft palate. These results indicate that the extent of palatal lengthening, which contributing to speech function, is a range of 3.5% to 24.0%(average 10.8%) after palatoplasty in cleft palate patients.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 1975

This study was carried out to define the variations of important quantitative characters and correlations among them accoding to the planted location under the shadow by planting density. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Growth of leaf and stem of 6 rows and 8 rows planting plots was decreased at front and back rows, but that of root was increased at front row and also decreased at back row. However, at 4 rows planting plots, front row was better for the growth of leaf, stem and root. 2. Average root weight of 6 rows planting plot was 34.29g but that of 8 rows planting plot was ]8.20 g. And total weight of root per unit area was increased and quality of ginseng was better in 6 rows planting plot compaired with 8 rows. 3. Variation by planting locations under the shadow was smallest in stem diameter and highest in root length at 8 row planting plot, but at 6 rows planting plot, that was smallest in leaf blade and greatest in stem length. However, in 4 rows plant ing plot, variation of leaf length was smallest and that of root weight biggest. 4. In all Planting densities, root weight was significantly correlated with root diameter and high correlation was recognized between root diameter and stem diameter. 5. Rate of variations of all characters among plant individuals was different by planting location and that of correlations between quantitative Characters too.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.77-93
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• 1999

This study is aiming at identifying the foreward and backward lingkage effects of the farm land base development project. Korean Government has continuously carried out farmland base development projets including the integrated agricultural development projects. large and medium scale irrigation projects and the comprehensive development of the four big river basin including tidal land reclamation and estuary dam construction for the all weather farming since 1962. the starting year of the five year economic development plans. Consequently the irrigation rate of paddy fields in Korea reached to 75% in 1998 and to escalate the irrigation rate, the Government had procured heavy investment fund from IBRD. IMF and OECF etc. To cope with the agricultural problems like trade liberalization in accordance with WTO policy, the government has tried to solve such problems as new farmland base development policy, preservation of the farmland and expansion of farmland to meet self-sufficiency of foods in the future. Especially, farmland base development projects have been challanged to environmental and ecological problems in evaluating economic benefits and costs where the value of non-market goods have not been included in those. Up to data, in evaluating benefits and costs of the projects, farmland base development projects have been confined to direct incremental value of farm products and it's related costs. Therefore the projects'efficiency as a decision making criteria has shown the low level of economic efficiencies. In estimating economic efficiencies including Leontiefs input-output analysis of the projects could not be founded in Korea at present. Accordingly this study is aimed at achieving and identifying the following objectives. (1) To identify the problems related to the financial supports of the Government in implementing the proposed projects. (2) To estimated backward and foreward linkage effects of the proposed project from the view point of national economy as a whole. To achieve the objectives, Hwangrak benefited area with reservoir which is located in Seosan-haemi Disticts, Chungnam Province were selected as a case study. The main results of the study are summarized as follows : a. The present value of investment and O & M cost were amounted to 3,510million won and the present value of the value added in related industries was estimated at 5.913million won for the period of economic life of 70 years. b. The total discounted value of farm products in the concerned industries derived by the project was estimated at 10,495million won and the foreward and backward linkage effects of the project were amounted to 6,760 and 5,126million won respectively. c. The total number of employment opportunities derived from the related industries for the period of project life were 3,136 man/year. d. Farmland base development projects were showed that the backward linkage effects estimated by index of the sensitivity dispersion were larger than the forward linkage effect estimated by index of the power of dispersion. On the other hand, the forward linkage effect of rice production value during project life was larger than the backward linkage effect e. The rate of creation of new job opportunity by means of implementing civil engineering works were shown high in itself rather than any other fields. and the linkage effects of production of the project investment were mainly derived from the metal and non-metal fields. f. According to the industrial linkage effect analysis, farmland base development projects were identified economically feasible from the view point of national economy as a whole even though the economic efficiencies of the project was outstandingly decreased owing to delaying construction period and increasing project costs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.639-648
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• 1997

Background : Arterial hypoxemia has been noted in patients with liver cirrhosis because of bronchial vessel dilatation. Cabenes et al. reported that bronchial hyperresponsiveness to the metacholine inhalation was observed in patients of left side heart failure, he suggested that one of the mechanism was bronchial vessel dilatation. We hypothesized that patients of liver cirrhosis might have bronchial hyperresponsiveness to metacholine inhalation due to portal hypertension. We evaluate the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and severity of liver cirrhosis, severity of portal hypertension. Methods : In the 22 patients of the liver cirrhosis with clinical portal hypertension, metacholine provocation test was done and determined $PC_{20}FEV1$. We classified liver cirrhosis according to Pugh-Child classification. Esophagogastroscopies were performed for the evaluation of the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and severity of esophageal varix. Results : In the 22 cases of the liver cirrhosis with clinical portal hypertension. The causes of liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis was 9 cases, hepatitis B virus was 12 cases, hepatitis C virus was 1 case, and 151 cases (68.18%) of total 22 cases were positive in metacholine provocation test. In positive cases. There was no significant relationship between $PC_{20}FEV1$ and severity of liver cirrhosis which were classified by Pugh-Child classification or severity of esophageal varix(p<0.05). Conclusion : we observed that bronchial responsiveness to metacholine increased in the patients of liver cirrhosis and there was no significant relationship between the severity of liver cirrhosis and the severity of esophageal varix.