• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2011

Various biometerials have been researched and have been developed for treatment of some disease through transplantation to body. They have been evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity test using some skin-derived cell lines for prediction of their biocompatibility in vivo. However, the results of experiments using mesenchymal or epithelial cells could not be considered in vivo immune reaction. In this study, we evaluated the biomaterial-elution (elute from high density polyethylene film) using some cell lines (L929, Jurkat, U937) in vitro, and then that results were compared with in vivo results from guinea pig sensitization test. In sensitization test, saline and elution of syringe could not induce erythema, but only DNCB (hypersensitive chemical) induce erythema at guinea pig sensitization test. In cell experiment, the cytotoxicity results of inflammatory cells (Jurkat; T lymphocyte, U937; monocyte) was no difference with L929 (fibroblast) in the overall trend. However, inflammatory cell lines were only secreted inflammatory cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, INF-${\gamma}$) in some materials (biomateriallution, FAC, DNCB). And the biomaterial-elution did not have toxicity to the cells, but it induced the inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory cell lines only. So, we were predicted inflammatory reaction through the cytokine resultes of inflammatory cell lines, and it was more correlated with in vivo results than cytotoxicity test. Therefore, we suggested that the inflammatory cytokine assay using inflammatory cell lines are more effective method in vitro for evaluation of biocompatibility of biomaterials or chemicals.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2014

새로운 주름개선제 성분을 찾기 위해서 본 연구에서는 사람 피부 섬유아세포의 세포독성, 콜라겐 생합성, matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) 및 elastase 저해활성에 대한 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 발효된 오미자 발효액의 주름개선 효과를 평가하였다. 먼저, 오미자 추출물은 L. rhamnosus으로 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1일 동안 발효하였다. 발효물의 세포독성은 cytopathic effect reduction 방법에 의해 평가하였다. 콜라겐 생합성에 대한 발효물의 영향은 procollagen type-IC peptide EIA kit에 의해 평가하였으며, matrix metalloproteinase-I(MMP-1)에 대한 발효물의 영향은 Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Biotrack activity Assay Kit에 의해 평가하였다. Elastase inhibition assay는 기질로써 N-Suc-$(Ala)_3$-nitroanilide을 사용하여 기질 반응에 의해 평가하였다. 결과로써 오미자 발효물은 사람 피부 섬유아 세포에 대해 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 오미자 발효물은 콜라겐 생합성을 촉진시켰으며, MMP-1의 저해 효과를 나타내었다(p < 0.05). Elastase inhibition assay에서 오미자 발효물의 $IC_{50}$은 $36.4{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 오미자 발효물은 주름개선 효과를 보유하고 있으며, 이것은 피부의 주름개선을 위해 사용가능하리라 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.539-546
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• 1999

Bone is a complex tissue in which resorption and formation continue throughout life. The bone tissue contains various types of cells, of which the bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly responsible for bone remodeling. Periodontal disease represents example of abnormal bone remodeling. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells present only in bone. It is believed that osteoclast progenitors are hematopoietic origin, and they are recruited from hematopoietic tissues such as bone marrow and circulating blood to bone. Cells present in the osteoclast microenvironment include marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and marrow cells. These cells produce cytokines that can affect osteoclast formation. In vitro model systems using bone marrow cultures have demonstrated that $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-3,\;TNF-{\alpha},$ bFGF can stimulate the formation of osteoclasts. In contrast, IL-4 inhibits osteoclast formation. Knowledge of cytokines and bFGF that affect osteoclast formation and their capacity to modulate the bone-resorbing process should provide critical insights into normal calcium homeostasis and disorders of bone turnover such as periodontal disease, osteoporosis and Paget's disease.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and migration of Endosequence Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BC Sealer) compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. Materials and Methods: BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus were placed in contact with culture medium to obtain sealers extracts in dilution 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. 3T3 cells were plated and exposed to the extracts. Cell viability and migration were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Scratch assay, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results: The MTT assay revealed greater cytotoxicity for AH Plus and MTA Fillapex at 1:1 dilution when compared to control (p < 0.05). At 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions, all sealers were similar to control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than BC Sealer (p < 0.05). Scratch assay demonstrated the continuous closure of the wound according to time. At 30 hours, the control group presented closure of the wound (p < 0.05). At 36 hours, only BC Sealer presented the closure when compared to AH Plus and MTA Fillapex (p < 0.05). At 42 hours, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex showed a wound healing (p > 0.05). Conclusions: All tested sealers demonstrated cell viability highlighting BC Sealer, which showed increased cell migration capacity suggesting that this sealer may achieve better tissue repair when compared to other tested sealers.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2007

Microencapsulation of cells within microfluidic devices enables explicit control of the membrane thickness or cell density, resulting in improved viability of the transplanted cells within an aggressive immune system. In this study, living cells (3T3 and L929 fibroblast cells) are encapsulated within a semi-permeable membrane (calcium crosslinked alginate gel) in two different device designs, a flow focusing and a core-annular flow focusing geometry. These two device designs produce a bead and a long microfibre, respectively. For the alginate bead, an alginate aqueous solution incorporating cells flows through a flow focusing channel and an alginate droplet is formed from the balance of interfacial forces and viscous drag forces resulting from the continuous (oil) phase flowing past the alginate solution. It immediately reacts with an adjacent $CaCl_2$ drop that is extruded into the main flow channel by another flow focusing channel downstream of the site of alginate drop creation. Depending on the flow conditions, monodisperse microbeads of sizes ranging from $50-200\;{\mu}m$ can be produced. In the case of the microfibre, the alginate solution with cells is extruded into a continuous phase of $CaCl_2$ solution. The diameter of alginate fibres produced via this technique can be tightly controlled by changing both flow rates. Cell viability in both forms of alginate encapsulant was confirmed by a LIVE/DEAD cell assay for periods of up to 24 hours post encapsulation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.122-136
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• 2004

To evaluate effect of CRSST on inhibiting the occurrence of arthritis, we performed the experiments including production of inflammatory cytokine and immunoglobin in collagen induced arthritis model. The results were obtained as follows. CRSST extract shows any cytotoxicity effect on mouse lung fibroblast cells at dose of 400 ㎍/㎖. CRSST group shows inhibitory effect on arthritis incidence than control group for six weeks. Arthritis index of CRSST group reduces from 4 weeks (75±17.4%) to 6 weeks (33.3±10.0%) compared with control group. In CRSST group, production of cytokines which shows suppressive effect on inflammation (IL-4, IL-10 ) are increased and which promotes inflammation (TNF-α, INF-γ) are decreased in blood. In CRSST group, production of immunogloblin (IgG2b, IgG3 and IgM) is reduced compared with control group, and rate of CD4+ and CD3+ T cell is lower in joint and higher in lymph node compared with control group. From above results it could be accepted that CRSST shows anti-arthritis effect via immune system especially through the controlling the inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobins. CRSST could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of RA. And also is expected to be clinically helpful on the treatment of RA through modification.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of various smoke constituents to the toxicological activity of total particulate matter(TPM) or the gas/vapor phase(GVP). These components included phenol compounds, aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and carbonyl compounds. The mutagenic and cytotoxic potencies were assessed using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay with S. typimurium TA98 strain and the neutral red uptake cytotoxicity assay(NRU) with BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cells, respectively. The Salmonella mutagenicity test showed that heterocyclic amines exhibited significantly higher levels of toxicity compared to other smoke constituents. Among them, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline(MeIQ) was shown the most mutagenic compound with a specific mutagenicity of $7.9{\times}10^5\;revertants/{\mu}g$. An analysis of the possible contribution revealed that MeIQ account for only 0.85% of the 2R4F-TPM mutagenicity in TA98. NRU data demonstrated that high cytotoxic activity was obtained for hydroquinone, formaldehyde, and acrolein. Based on the results of the present study, the contribution of acrolein to the cytotoxicity of the GVP fraction was calculated as 61%. Thus, a large proportion of the cytotoxic activity of this complex mixture, cigarette smoke gas phase, can be attributed to the acrolein.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

본 연구는 가르시니아 캄보지아의 항비만 효과의 분자기전을 알아보기 위하여 지방전구세포인 3T3-L1세포의 지방세포로의 분화 시, 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물을 처리하여 세포 내 지질 적의 형성 및 중성지방의 축적, 지방 분화 특이 지표 단백질의 발현에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 3T3-L1세포의 지방 세포로의 분화는 MDI로 유도 후, 2일째부터 지방 적 및 중성 지방이 유의하게 축적되기 시작하였는데, 1% 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물을 동시에 처리한 세포에서 이러한 지방 적 및 중성 지방의 축적이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 지방세포 분화 특이 지표 단백질로 알려진 $PPAR{\gamma}2$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, aP2와 같은 단백질의 발현 또한 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물이 효과적으로 억제하고 있음도 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물은 palmitate를 처리한 HepG2 세포에서 중성지방의 축적 및 세포사멸을 유의하게 억제함으로써 유리 지방산의 축적에 의한 지속적인 염증 반응으로 유발되는 지방독성(lipotoxicity)을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물이 세포 수준에서 비교적 낮은 농도로도 효과적으로 비만을 억제할 수 있으며, 기존에 알려지지 않았던 유리지방산에 의한 지방독성을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 본 연구에서 확인할 수 있었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2006

Major characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are sustaining of sternness and pluripotency by self-renewal. In this report, transcriptional profiles of the molecules in the developmentally important signaling pathways including Wnt, BMP4, $TGF-\beta$, RTK, Hh, Notch, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were investigated to understand the self-renewal of mouse ESCs (mESCs), J1 line, and compared with the NIH3T3 cell line and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells as controls. In the Wnt signaling pathway, the expression of Wnt3 was seen widely in mESCs, suggesting that the ligand may be an important regulator for self-renewal in mESCs. In the Hh signaling pathway, the expression of Gli and N-myc were observed extensively in mESCs, whereas the expression levels of in a Shh was low, suggesting that intracellular molecules may be essential for the self-renewal of mESCs. IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR and IGF-IIR of RTK signaling showed a lower expression in mESCs, these molecules related to embryo development may be restrained in mESCs. The expression levels of the Delta and HESS in Notch signaling were enriched in mESCs. The expression of the molecules related to BMP and JAK-STAT signaling pathways were similar or at a slightly lower level in mESCs compared to those in MEF and NIH3T3 cells. It is suggested that the observed differences in gene expression profiles among the signaling pathways may contribute to the self-renewal and differentiation of mESCs in a signaling-specific manner.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.335-347
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• 2000

치주질환의 진행에 따른 치주조직파괴에 있어 치주조직내 다양한 세포외기질성분을 분해하는 matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3)는 염증반응에 관여하는 세포들로부터 분비된 interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$)에 의해 유도될 수 있다. 이전 연구에서 치주인대세포에서의 MMP-3 생성이 tetracycline 및 tetracycline 유도체에 의하여 억제될 수 있음이 보고되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 metronidazole 및 doxycycline-HCl을 적용한 후 치은섬유아세포에 IL $1{\beta}$를 적용하여 MMP-3의 생성을 유도한 후 이들 약물들이 치은섬유아세포의 MMP-3 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 건강한 성인으로부터 치주질환이 이환되지않은 상악 제2대구치 후방의 건강한 치은결합 조직을 절취하여 치은섬유아세포를 배양한 후 다양한 농도의 metronidazole (10-$200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) 및 doxycyline-HCl(10-$200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)을 각각 적용하여 1시간 배양하고 proMMP-3의 활성화를 유도하기 위하여 25ng/ml의 IL-$1{\beta}$을 투여한 후 24시간 배양하여 배양된 세포의 상층 배양액을 추출하고 proMMP-3 ELISA kit를 이용하여 비색정량하였다. 비색정량을 통하여 얻어진 자료들은 독립 t-test와 일원분산분석(ANOVA) 및 사후검정으로 Duncan test를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Metronidazole 경우 10-$200{\mu}g/ml$의 모든 농도군에서 proMMP-3의 활성도가 억제되었다(p<0.05). 2. Doxycycline-HCl의 경우 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 이하의 농도군에서는 proMMP-3의 활성도가 억제되었으나(p<0.05), $200{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 proMMP-3의 활성도가 상승되었다(p<0.05). 3. Metronidazole과 doxycycline-HCl의 대조군에 대한 각 실험농도군의 proMMP-3 생성의 감소비율 비교시 모든 농도군에서 metronidazole이 doxycycline-HCl보다 더 높은 감소율을 보였다. 이상과 같은 결과는 metronidazole(10-$200{\mu}g/ml$)이 doxycycline-HCl($100{\mu}g/ml$ 이하) 보다 더 광범위한 혈중농도에서 IL-$1{\beta}$의한 인체치은섬유아세포내 MMP-3의 활성도를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있음을 시사하였다.