• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

1960년대 MIT에서 제작된 최초의 게임 Space War를 시작으로 짧은 기간 동안 게임산업은 급속도로 성장하고 방대해지면서 최근 발표된 게임들은 총합적 디자인의 결정체라고 봐도 무방하리만큼 콘텐츠를 이루는 구성요소가 무수히 많아졌다. 결국 게임을 개발함에 있어서 고려해야할 요소도 기하급수적으로 증가하여, 예산 및 인력, 시간투입 등에 대한 계획도 매우 복잡해질 수밖에 없다. 그러므로 성공적인 게임개발을 위해서는 게임을 구성하는 요소를 추출하고 각 요소별 중요도를 산출하여, 향후 개발되는 게임을 사전에 평가할 수 있는 방법이 무엇보다 절실하다. 이러한 기획은 진행과정에서 무수한 의사결정을 요구하게 되고, 의사결정 작업은 다수인자에 대한 문제, 요소들을 정량화시키기 어려운 불확실성의 문제, 결과가 지향하는 복잡한 다목적의 문제, 다수의 의사결정간의 혼선, 의사결정과정에 이르는 다단계의 우선순위 결정문제 등으로 인한 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제들을 총합적으로 해결하며, 불확실한 데이터를 정량화시켜 논리적이고 합리적인 대안을 제시할 수 있도록 계층화의사결정법을 제시하고자 하며, 현재 게임시장을 주도하고 있는 FPS게임을 대상으로 분석을 시도하였다. AHP분석에서 가장 중요한 것은 분석하고자 하는 대상의 요소들을 객관적으로 정확하게 분류하고 이를 계층화시키는 것과 요소간의 쌍대비교를 통한 중요도 추출이다. 본 연구는 이러한 요소추출과 요소간 중요도 산출 및 대안의 선정 2부분으로 구성되며, 그 중에서 본 논문은 델파이기법에 의한 FPS게임의 객관적 요소추출 및 계층화를 중심으로 하고 있다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2020

연구목적: 최근 시설물 유지관리의 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 시설물 유지관리 분야에 첨단기술의 도입과 활용이 증가하고 있다. 첨단기술이 현장에서 실효적 효과를 발휘하기 위해서는 진단장비의 검인증제도를 통한 신뢰성 확보가 필요하나 제도도입에 대한 사회적인 요구와는 별개로 업계의 시각 및 현실적인 기술수준에는 차이가 존재하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현황에 대한 종합 및 실무자에 대한 의견조사를 통해 합리적인 시설물 진단장비 검인증 제도의 도입 방향을 연구하였다. 연구방법: 시설물 점검 및 진단장비의 첨단기술 도입 및 활용 촉진을 위한 검인증제도 도입 필요성 및 시급성에 대하여 유지관리 및 건설 분야 실무자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 또한 일본 및 국내 장비 관련 유사인증제도의 비교분석을 통해 첨단 시설물 진단장비에 대한 검인증제도 도입 방향을 검토하였다. 연구결과: 첨단기술 적용에 대하여 실무자 의견은 높은 비율로 유지관리 분야에 드론 및 로봇 등 첨단기술의 도입이 필요하며, 첨단기술 도입 시 현장에서 상당한 효과를 발휘할 것으로 조사되었다. 반면 현재 국내의 기술 수준은 상대적으로 낮아 기술적용에는 일정한 시간이 소요될 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 시설물 진단장비 검인증제도의 도입을 통해 신뢰성 높은 시설물 진단장비 보급될 것으로 조사되었다. 한편, 국내외 진단 및 계측 장비 등에 대한 유사제도 조사결과, 직접적으로 시설물 유지관리에 첨단기술을 적용한 장비를 검인증 하는 제도는 없으며, 다만, 일본에 진단장비의 성능평가 체계가 도입되어 있다. 국내의 융복합기술이 적용된 제품 인증제도 및 운용중인 186개 인증제도 가운데 유사한 21개 계측 및 진단장비 인증제도를 분석하여, 첨단시설물진단장비에 대한 검인증제도 도입방안을 제시하였다. 결론: 실무자들의 의견을 종합하면 시설물 유지관리 분야의 합리화를 위하여 진단장비에 대한 4차 산업혁명 기술의 적용과 신뢰성 높은 진단장비 활용을 지원하는 검인증제도의 도입은 충분한 타당성을 갖는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 현실적인 과제는 우리나라의 첨단기술 수준이 시급성에 비하여 낮게 평가되고 있어 첨단 시설물 점검 및 진단장비 검인증 제도는 기술적용 및 검증 수준을 고려한 단계적 확대 형태로 시행되어야 한다. 또한 검인증제도 도입과는 별개로 시설물 진단장비 첨단화 촉진을 위한 별도의 투자 및 지원과 노력이 필요 하다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.97-122
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• 2007

Conventional networking and telecommunications infrastructure characterized by wires, fixed location, and inflexibility is giving way to mobile technologies. Numerous research reports point to the ultimate domination of wireless communication. With the increasing prevalence of advanced cell-phones, various mobile data services (hereafter MDS) are gaining popularity. Although cellular networks were originally introduced for voice communications, statistics indicate that data services are replacing the matured voice service as the growth engine for telecom service providers. For example, SK Telecom, the Korea's largest mobile service provider, reported that 25.6% of revenue and 28.5% of profit came from MDS in 2006 and the share is growing. Statistics also indicate that, in 2006, the average revenue per user (ARPU) for voice didn't change but MDS grew seven percents from the previous year, further highlighting its growth potential. MDS is defined "as an assortment of digital data services that can be accessed using a mobile device over a wide geographic area." A variety of MDS have been deployed, with a few reaching the status of killer applications. Many of them need to access the Internet through the cellular-phone infrastructure. In the past, when the cellular network didn't have acceptable bandwidth for data services, SMS (short messaging service) dominated MDS. Now, Internet-ready, next-generation cell-phones are driving rich digital data services into the fabric of everyday life, These include news on various topics, Internet search, mapping and location-based information, mobile banking and gaming, downloading (i.e., screen savers), multimedia streaming, and various communication services (i.e., email, short messaging, messenger, and chaffing). The huge economic stake MDS has on its stakeholders warrants focused research to understand associated dynamics behind its adoption. Lyytinen and Yoo(2002) pointed out the limitation of traditional adoption models in explaining the rapid diffusion of innovations such as P2P or mobile services. Also, despite the increasing popularity of MDS, unexpected drop in its usage is observed among some people. Intrigued by these observations, an exploratory study was conducted to examine decision factors of MDS usage. Data analysis revealed that the increase and decrease of MDS use was influenced by different forces. The findings of the exploratory study triggered our confirmatory research effort to validate the uni-directionality of studied factors in affecting MDS usage. This differs from extant studies of IS/IT adoption that are largely grounded on the assumption of bi-directionality of explanatory variables in determining the level of dependent variables (i.e., user satisfaction, service usage). The research goal is, therefore, to examine if increase and decrease in the usage of MDS are explained by two separate groups of variables pertaining to information quality and system quality. For this, we investigate following research questions: (1) Does the information quality of MDS increase service usage?; (2) Does the system quality of MDS decrease service usage?; and (3) Does user motivation for subscribing MDS moderate the effect information and system quality have on service usage? The research questions and subsequent analysis are grounded on the two factor theory pioneered by Hertzberg et al(1959). To answer the research questions, in the first, an exploratory study based on 378 survey responses was conducted to learn about important decision factors of MDS usage. It revealed discrepancy between the influencing forces of usage increase and those of usage decrease. Based on the findings from the exploratory study and the two-factor theory, we postulated information quality as the motivator and system quality as the de-motivator (or hygiene) of MDS. Then, a confirmative study was undertaken on their respective role in encouraging and discouraging the usage of mobile data service.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.404-416
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• 2001

Purpose : Traditionally, the treatement of choice has been a bone grafting procedure to increase the length of bone in case of actual length discrepancy. But, bone grafting procedure has many disadvantages, for example, graft resorption, donor site morbidity, and so on. So, many trials have been performed to avert the use of autogenous bone graft via introducing new materials or methods. And, one of those trials has been realized by the development of a technique inducing bone lengthening by osteotomy (or corticotomy) and slow gradual distraction of the osteotomized segments. This new technique of bone lengthening dates back to the early 20th century. But, the majority of information concerning the biology of new bone formation during bone lengthening and technical details of the procedure were produced by extensive clinical and experimental studies performed by Ilizarov, a Russian surgeon. According to Ilizarov, with adequate blood supply, preservation of periosteum, rigid fixation of the osteotomized segments, and proper rate and rhythm of distraction, intramembranous bone rapidly develops within the distraction gap in the limb lengthening procedure. In the limb lengthening, many orthopedic surgeons try to observe the biologic and clinical principles recommended by Ilizarov. In the oral and maxillofacial region, however, not a few studies must be performed to apply this surgical technique in the clinical cases. Besides, the mechanism of bone formation in the distraction gap is not clear, yet. The purpose of this experiment was to scrutinize serially the histological changes in the elongated bone affected by osteodistraction of the mandibular body in an adult canine model. In addition, it was performed to confirm the presence of specific region(s) which was important in the bone formation in the gap through the observation of the expression pattern of osteocalcin and osteonectin with the immunohistochemical examination. Materials and Methods : The experimental and control specimens were obtained from seven adult male mongrel dogs weighing over 20kg. The distractors were custom-made linear extraoral devices and bicortical fixation screws were 2.3mm in diameter, 50mm in total length, 15mm in screw length. The distractors were devised to produce a linear gap of 0.75mm between two bony segments every $360^{\circ}$ turn of the rotation rod of the device. The mandibular body of the right side of each animal was corticotomized perpendicular to the occlusal plane and then two bony segments were separated completely by careful manipulation of the segments with bone forceps. The left side of each animal was left intact. This side was served as control. At sixth day after osteotomy and fixation of the segments were performed, distraction of the segments was commenced with a rate of 1.1mm/day and a rhythm of two/day for ensuing 7 days. The animals were euthanized at the 16th. 29th, and 44th day after the osteotomy. The bony specimens were decalcified, embedded in paraffin, sectioned $5{\mu}m$ thick and stained with H&E. The prepared specimens were examined under the light microscope. And, immunohistochemical examinations using anti-osteocalcin antibody (OC1, Biodesign, USA) and anti-osteonectin antibody (Haematologic Technologies Inc., Essex, VT) to locate the expressions of osteocalcin and osteonectin, respectively, were performed. Results : 1. New bone was observed already at the 16th. day after osteotomy. This suggests that new bone formation in osteodistraction was commenced at an early stage of the regenerative process. But, radiologically and microscopically, bony union was not completed in the distraction gap at the 44th. day after osteotomy. Therefore, rigid fixation must be maintained between the bony fragments till the complete bony union is confirmed clinically rather than one month or so after the completion of distraction.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 기존에 구축되었던 오프라인뱅킹에서의 신뢰가 새로운 스마트뱅킹 서비스 신뢰에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는가를 규명하였다. 이를 위해 스마트뱅킹 신뢰의 영향요인으로 오프라인뱅킹의 신뢰, 스마트뱅킹의 시스템 품질과 정보품질을 비교연구하였다. 실증연구를 위해 스마트뱅킹 서비스 이용자를 대상으로 186부의 설문지를 회수하였고, 자료분석은 Smart-PLS 2.0을 이용하였다. 분석결과, 오프라인뱅킹 신뢰가 스마트뱅킹 신뢰에 미치는 영향이 유의하게 나타나, 핀테크 서비스에서 신뢰전이가 존재함을 검증하였다. 그리고 이러한 오프라인뱅킹 신뢰가 스마트뱅킹 신뢰에 미치는 영향력은 스마트뱅킹 자체의 특성보다 낮은 것을 입증하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 학술적 측면과 산업적 측면에서 살펴볼 수 있다. 먼저, 학술적 측면에서의 의의이다. 지금까지의 뱅킹관련 연구들은 오프라인뱅킹이나 스마트뱅킹 어느 한 측면에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 수행하였다. 이에 비해 본 연구에서는 오프라인뱅킹의 특성이 스마트뱅킹 특성에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가하는 신뢰전이를 검증했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 다음으로, 산업적 측면에서의 의의이다. 본 연구에서 시중은행의 오프라인뱅킹 특성이 새로운 스마트뱅킹 서비스의 신뢰에 영향을 준다는 것을 보여주었다. 이것은 신흥 핀테크 업체가 시중 은행에 비해 신뢰구축의 경쟁에서 유리하지 않다는 것을 의미한다. 신흥 핀테크 업체들은 시중은행과 달리 모바일, 소셜, 클라우드, 빅데이터 등은 물론, 현실화되고 있는 사물인터넷, 가상현실 등의 기술로 무장하여 고객의 편의성을 혁신적으로 개선하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 강점만으로는 금융거래에 필요한 충분한 신뢰를 형성할 수 있다고 보장할 수는 없다는 것이다. 이미 신뢰관계에 있는 주거래 은행을 고객들이 잘 바꾸지 않는 관성이 있기 때문이다. 따라서 신흥 핀테크 업체들은 상대적으로 고객접점에 우위에 있는 소셜서비스와 같은 온라인 상호작용의 강점과 다양한 인터넷 서비스와의 연계성을 반영한 파괴적인 부가가치 창출을 위해 노력해야하고, 특히 새로운 서비스에 저항이 낮은 젊은층을 중심으로 한 서비스신뢰 구축을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2017

그 동안의 기업 정보화 성과 관련 연구들은 정보화 자체의 구축 완성도 및 그 재무적 효과에 초점을 맞추고 있어 정보화의 방향성이 경영전략을 지원할 수 있는지에 대한 연구가 미흡하였다. 기업의 정보화를 통해 기업의 경영전략 이행이 주도될 수 있는지, 주요 메커니즘 요인과 정보화 성과와의 연관관계 대한 검증이 필요하며, 이는 정보화 성공요인들을 경영학적 관점으로 재해석하는 연구가 필요하다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 국내 대표적인 IT서비스 기업의 사례를 중심으로 3가지 선택, 학습 그리고 조정 메커니즘 관점에서 기업이 정보화 성과창출 과정에서 어떠한 메커니즘 요인이 적용되고 있는지에 대한 문제를 중심으로 연구하였다. 본 연구를 수행한 결과 8개의 명제를 도출하였다. 기업의 주체는 정보화 성과 실현을 위해 조직의 정보역량 확보를, 조직 분권화 문제 해결을 위해서는 정보화 투자를 가장 중요한 전략적 요인으로 선택하였다. 또한, 산업 내 경쟁이 치열해질수록 정보화 투자가 기업의 전략 실행의 활용 수단으로 전환되었고, 공식화된 프로세스나 정보기술을 통해 투자 의사결정 활동이 이루어지고 있었다. 조직의 차별화된 역량은 기술지식 습득을 중심으로 이루어지며 조직의 지식은 정보시스템을 통해 전사로 확대되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 정보화 변화관리와 외부 협력업체 관리가 조직의 중요한 조정 요인으로 인식되고 있음을 발견하였다. 본 연구의 시사점은 선행 정보화 성과 관련 연구에서 실증적으로 다루지 못한 메커니즘 요인에 대해 직접적으로 사업 담당 임원, 정보화 담당 임원 등의 경험을 바탕으로 사례연구를 진행했기 때문에 IT서비스 기업의 정보화 성과를 위해 중점적으로 관리해야 할 요인들에 대해 실무적인 시각을 제공해 줄 수 있다고 생각하며 IT서비스 기업에 대해 최초로 SER-M 프레임워크를 적용하였기 때문에 정보화 성과 창출을 위한 메커니즘 요인에 대한 보다 깊은 이해와 경험적 사례를 바탕으로 타 산업군의 기업에도 적용할 수 있는 학문적인 기여를 제공할 수 있다고 생각된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.47-75
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• 2009

Recently, researches on Management Information Systems (MIS) have laid out theoretical foundation and academic paradigms by introducing diverse theories, themes, and methodologies. Especially, academic paradigms of MIS encourage a user-friendly approach by developing the technologies from the users' perspectives, which reflects the existence of strong causal relationships between information systems and user's behavior. As in other areas in social science the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has rapidly increased in recent years especially in the MIS area. The SEM technique is important because it provides powerful ways to address key IS research problems. It also has a unique ability to simultaneously examine a series of casual relationships while analyzing multiple independent and dependent variables all at the same time. In spite of providing many benefits to the MIS researchers, there are some potential pitfalls with the analytical technique. The research objective of this study is to provide some guidelines for an appropriate use of SEM based on the assessment of current practice of using SEM in the MIS research. This study focuses on several statistical issues related to the use of SEM in the MIS research. Selected articles are assessed in three parts through the meta analysis. The first part is related to the initial specification of theoretical model of interest. The second is about data screening prior to model estimation and testing. And the last part concerns estimation and testing of theoretical models based on empirical data. This study reviewed the use of SEM in 164 empirical research articles published in four major MIS journals in Korea (APJIS, ISR, JIS and JITAM) from 1991 to 2007. APJIS, ISR, JIS and JITAM accounted for 73, 17, 58, and 16 of the total number of applications, respectively. The number of published applications has been increased over time. LISREL was the most frequently used SEM software among MIS researchers (97 studies (59.15%)), followed by AMOS (45 studies (27.44%)). In the first part, regarding issues related to the initial specification of theoretical model of interest, all of the studies have used cross-sectional data. The studies that use cross-sectional data may be able to better explain their structural model as a set of relationships. Most of SEM studies, meanwhile, have employed. confirmatory-type analysis (146 articles (89%)). For the model specification issue about model formulation, 159 (96.9%) of the studies were the full structural equation model. For only 5 researches, SEM was used for the measurement model with a set of observed variables. The average sample size for all models was 365.41, with some models retaining a sample as small as 50 and as large as 500. The second part of the issue is related to data screening prior to model estimation and testing. Data screening is important for researchers particularly in defining how they deal with missing values. Overall, discussion of data screening was reported in 118 (71.95%) of the studies while there was no study discussing evidence of multivariate normality for the models. On the third part, issues related to the estimation and testing of theoretical models on empirical data, assessing model fit is one of most important issues because it provides adequate statistical power for research models. There were multiple fit indices used in the SEM applications. The test was reported in the most of studies (146 (89%)), whereas normed-test was reported less frequently (65 studies (39.64%)). It is important that normed- of 3 or lower is required for adequate model fit. The most popular model fit indices were GFI (109 (66.46%)), AGFI (84 (51.22%)), NFI (44 (47.56%)), RMR (42 (25.61%)), CFI (59 (35.98%)), RMSEA (62 (37.80)), and NNFI (48 (29.27%)). Regarding the test of construct validity, convergent validity has been examined in 109 studies (66.46%) and discriminant validity in 98 (59.76%). 81 studies (49.39%) have reported the average variance extracted (AVE). However, there was little discussion of direct (47 (28.66%)), indirect, and total effect in the SEM models. Based on these findings, we suggest general guidelines for the use of SEM and propose some recommendations on concerning issues of latent variables models, raw data, sample size, data screening, reporting parameter estimated, model fit statistics, multivariate normality, confirmatory factor analysis, reliabilities and the decomposition of effects.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.493-513
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• 2014

With the development of related technologies, Location-Based Services (LBS) are growing fast and being used in many ways. Past LBS studies have focused on adoption of LBS because of the fact that LBS users have privacy concerns regarding revealing their location information. Meanwhile, the number of LBS users and revenues from LBS are growing rapidly because users can get some benefits by revealing their location information. Little research has been done on how LBS affects consumers' information search behavior in product purchase. The purpose of this paper is examining the effect of LBS information filtering on buyers' uncertainty and their information search behavior. When consumers purchase a product, they try to reduce uncertainty by searching information. Generally, there are two types of uncertainties - knowledge uncertainty and choice uncertainty. Knowledge uncertainty refers to the lack of information on what kinds of alternatives are available in the market and/or their important attributes. Therefore, consumers having knowledge uncertainty will have difficulties in identifying what alternatives exist in the market to fulfil their needs. Choice uncertainty refers to the lack of information about consumers' own preferences and which alternative will fit in their needs. Therefore, consumers with choice uncertainty have difficulties selecting best product among available alternatives.. According to economics of information theory, consumers narrow the scope of information search when knowledge uncertainty is high. It is because consumers' information search cost is high when their knowledge uncertainty is high. If people do not know available alternatives and their attributes, it takes time and cognitive efforts for them to acquire information about available alternatives. Therefore, they will reduce search breadth. For people with high knowledge uncertainty, the information about products and their attributes is new and of high value for them. Therefore, they will conduct searches more in-depth because they have incentive to acquire more information. When people have high choice uncertainty, people tend to search information about more alternatives. It is because increased search breadth will improve their chances to find better alternative for them. On the other hand, since human's cognitive capacity is limited, the increased search breadth (more alternatives) will reduce the depth of information search for each alternative. Consumers with high choice uncertainty will spend less time and effort for each alternative because considering more alternatives will increase their utility. LBS provides users with the capability to screen alternatives based on the distance from them, which reduces information search costs. Therefore, it is expected that LBS will help users consider more alternatives even when they have high knowledge uncertainty. LBS provides distance information, which helps users choose alternatives appropriate for them. Therefore, users will perceive lower choice uncertainty when they use LBS. In order to test the hypotheses, we selected 80 students and assigned them to one of the two experiment groups. One group was asked to use LBS to search surrounding restaurants and the other group was asked to not use LBS to search nearby restaurants. The experimental tasks and measures items were validated in a pilot experiment. The final measurement items are shown in Appendix A. Each subject was asked to read one of the two scenarios - with or without LBS - and use a smartphone application to pick a restaurant. All behaviors on smartphone were recorded using a recording application. Search breadth was measured by the number of restaurants clicked by each subject. Search depths was measured by two metrics - the average number of sub-level pages each subject visited and the average time spent on each restaurant. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS and PLS. The results show that knowledge uncertainty reduces search breadth (H1a). However, there was no significant correlation between knowledge uncertainty and search depth (H1b). Choice uncertainty significantly reduces search depth (H2b), but no significant relationship was found between choice uncertainty and search breadth (H2a). LBS information filtering significantly reduces the buyers' choice uncertainty (H4) and reduces the negative relationship between knowledge uncertainty and search breadth (H3). This research provides some important implications for service providers. Service providers should use different strategies based on their service properties. For those service providers who are not well-known to consumers (high knowledge uncertainty) should encourage their customers to use LBS. This is because LBS would increase buyers' consideration sets when the knowledge uncertainty is high. Therefore, less known services have chances to be included in consumers' consideration sets with LBS. On the other hand, LBS information filtering decrease choice uncertainty and the near service providers are more likely to be selected than without LBS. Hence, service providers should analyze geographically approximate competitors' strength and try to reduce the gap so that they can have chances to be included in the consideration set.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_2호
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• pp.811-825
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• 2023

데이터 활용을 통한 지능형 행정서비스 정책을 적극적으로 추진하고 있는 정부 기조에 따라, 재난안전관리 분야도 신종·복합재난에 효율적으로 대응하기 위한 데이터 기반의 상황관리시스템을 구축·운영하고 있다. 하지만 재난 상황 발생 시 현장 상황 파악에 어려움이 있고, 방대한 데이터의 표출만으로는 상황판단 및 수습·대응에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 데 여전히 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 재난안전상황실 근무자의 상황관리 업무에 대해 지능정보기술을 활용하여 지능화 및 효율화에 필요한 구체적인 기술 도출을 목적으로 한다. 중앙재난안전상황실 근무자를 대상으로 개별 면담 및 조사를 통해 재난 상황관리 업무 범위와 GIS 통합상황관리시스템의 활용 상황 및 시스템에 구축된 데이터의 용도와 특징을 조사·분석하였다. 그리고 상황관리 업무의 지능화 및 효율화에 필요한 기술을 도출하기 위하여 신속·정확한 현장상황 파악, 데이터 기반 상황판단, 효율적 상황관리 업무 지원을 전략으로 하여 실행과제를 정의하고, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) 분석을 통해 실행과제의 중요도를 평가하여 우선순위를 결정하였다. 그 결과 상황관리 효율화를 위해서는 영상 및 센서 데이터에 대한 수집·분석·관리와 사람이 수행하는 경우 많은 시간이 소요되거나 오류가 있을 수 있는 작업, 즉 상황관련 자료 수집 및 보고서 작업에 지능정보기술 활용이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 상황관리 지능화 전략 가운데 중요도가 높은 신속하고 정확한 현장상황의 파악과 효율적 상황관리 업무 지원이 우선적으로 상황관리 지능화 기술 개발 대상으로 추진할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.139-166
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• 2010

The supply chain management (SCM) systems have emerged as strong managerial tools for manufacturing firms in enhancing competitive strength. Despite of large investments in the SCM systems, many companies are not fully realizing the promised benefits from the systems. A review of literature on adoption, implementation and success factor of IOS (inter-organization systems), EDI (electronic data interchange) systems, shows that this issue has been examined from multiple theoretic perspectives. And many researchers have attempted to identify the factors which influence the success of system implementation. However, the existing studies have two drawbacks in revealing the determinants of systems implementation success. First, previous researches raise questions as to the appropriateness of research subjects selected. Most SCM systems are operating in the form of private industrial networks, where the participants of the systems consist of two distinct groups: focus companies and vendors. The focus companies are the primary actors in developing and operating the systems, while vendors are passive participants which are connected to the system in order to supply raw materials and parts to the focus companies. Under the circumstance, there are three ways in selecting the research subjects; focus companies only, vendors only, or two parties grouped together. It is hard to find researches that use the focus companies exclusively as the subjects probably due to the insufficient sample size for statistic analysis. Most researches have been conducted using the data collected from both groups. We argue that the SCM success factors cannot be correctly indentified in this case. The focus companies and the vendors are in different positions in many areas regarding the system implementation: firm size, managerial resources, bargaining power, organizational maturity, and etc. There are no obvious reasons to believe that the success factors of the two groups are identical. Grouping the two groups also raises questions on measuring the system success. The benefits from utilizing the systems may not be commonly distributed to the two groups. One group's benefits might be realized at the expenses of the other group considering the situation where vendors participating in SCM systems are under continuous pressures from the focus companies with respect to prices, quality, and delivery time. Therefore, by combining the system outcomes of both groups we cannot measure the system benefits obtained by each group correctly. Second, the measures of system success adopted in the previous researches have shortcoming in measuring the SCM success. User satisfaction, system utilization, and user attitudes toward the systems are most commonly used success measures in the existing studies. These measures have been developed as proxy variables in the studies of decision support systems (DSS) where the contribution of the systems to the organization performance is very difficult to measure. Unlike the DSS, the SCM systems have more specific goals, such as cost saving, inventory reduction, quality improvement, rapid time, and higher customer service. We maintain that more specific measures can be developed instead of proxy variables in order to measure the system benefits correctly. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of SCM systems success in the perspective of vendor companies. In developing the research model, we have focused on selecting the success factors appropriate for the vendors through reviewing past researches and on developing more accurate success measures. The variables can be classified into following: technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the basis of TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The model consists of three independent variables (competition intensity, top management support, and information system maturity), one mediating variable (collaboration), one moderating variable (government support), and a dependent variable (system success). The systems success measures have been developed to reflect the operational benefits of the SCM systems; improvement in planning and analysis capabilities, faster throughput, cost reduction, task integration, and improved product and customer service. The model has been validated using the survey data collected from 122 vendors participating in the SCM systems in Korea. To test for mediation, one should estimate the hierarchical regression analysis on the collaboration. And moderating effect analysis should estimate the moderated multiple regression, examines the effect of the government support. The result shows that information system maturity and top management support are the most important determinants of SCM system success. Supply chain technologies that standardize data formats and enhance information sharing may be adopted by supply chain leader organization because of the influence of focal company in the private industrial networks in order to streamline transactions and improve inter-organization communication. Specially, the need to develop and sustain an information system maturity will provide the focus and purpose to successfully overcome information system obstacles and resistance to innovation diffusion within the supply chain network organization. The support of top management will help focus efforts toward the realization of inter-organizational benefits and lend credibility to functional managers responsible for its implementation. The active involvement, vision, and direction of high level executives provide the impetus needed to sustain the implementation of SCM. The quality of collaboration relationships also is positively related to outcome variable. Collaboration variable is found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and implementation success. Higher levels of inter-organizational collaboration behaviors such as shared planning and flexibility in coordinating activities were found to be strongly linked to the vendors trust in the supply chain network. Government support moderates the effect of the IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support on collaboration and implementation success of SCM. In general, the vendor companies face substantially greater risks in SCM implementation than the larger companies do because of severe constraints on financial and human resources and limited education on SCM systems. Besides resources, Vendors generally lack computer experience and do not have sufficient internal SCM expertise. For these reasons, government supports may establish requirements for firms doing business with the government or provide incentives to adopt, implementation SCM or practices. Government support provides significant improvements in implementation success of SCM when IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support and collaboration are low. The environmental characteristic of competition intensity has no direct effect on vendor perspective of SCM system success. But, vendors facing above average competition intensity will have a greater need for changing technology. This suggests that companies trying to implement SCM systems should set up compatible supply chain networks and a high-quality collaboration relationship for implementation and performance.