• 약학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2005

Diosgenin (25 (R) - spirost-5-en-3$\beta$ -ol) was oxidized with 2,3-dichloro -5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone to form 25(R)-1,4,6-spirostatrien-3-one (1) as rigid cyclic $\alpha$,$\beta$-unsaturated carbonyl compound. This compound was reacted with $H_{2}O_{2}$, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), NaOCl in the presence with (R,R)- or (S,S)-Jacobsen catalyst, tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP) in Mo$(CO)_{6}$, and in VO $(acac)_{2}$ catalyst, respectively, 25(R) -1,4,6-spirostatrien -3-one (1) was reduced with $NaBH_{4}$ L-Selectride, $LiAIH_{4}$,$BH_{3}$ $\cdot$$(CH_{3})_{2}S$, Superhydride, Red-Al, and lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminium hydride. And 25(R)-4,6-spirostadien-3$\beta$-ol (4) was treated with $H_{2}O_{2}$, mCPBA, TBHP in D - (-) - and L-(+)-diisopropyltar-trate and $Ti(OiPr)_{4}$ condition (Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation), TBHP in $Mo(CO)_{6}$, and in $VO(acac)_{2}$ catalyst, respectively.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

본 연구는 30대 43명(I군), 40대 75명(II군), 50대 34명(III군) 등 총 152명의 한국 여성을 대상으로 본 연구에서 수립한 육안평가 기준과 기기를 이용하여 눈가(crow's feet)주름을 정량화 하였다. 육안평가 기준은 Modified Daniell's Criteria를 미세 변화를 관찰할 수 있도록 10단계로 세분화하여 이용하였고, 기기평가는 Transparency Profilometry 기법을 이용한 Skin Visiometer SV 600 (Courage + Kahzaka)을 적용하였다. 각 방법의 측정값으로 1) 연령군별 주름의 정도를 비교하였고, 2) 연령군별로 좌우측간의 주름의 정도를 비교해 보았으며, 3) 본 연구에 적용한 육안평가 점수와 기기평가의 5개 주름 파라미터인 Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5간의 상관성을 알아보았다. 육안평가 결과 연령이 증가할수록 육안평가 점수는 증가하였고, 각 연령군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었으나(P 〈 0.05), 모든 연령군에서 좌측과 우측의 육안평가 점수는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 기기평가 결과 연령이 증가할수록 5가지 주름 파라미터 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 이중 연령군간 유의한 차를 보인 파라미터는 Rl, R4, R5 였으며 (P 〈 0.05), Rl과 R4는 I군과 III군 사이에 R5는 I군과 III군, II군과 III군 사이에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 기기평가의 5가지 주름 파라미터 모두 좌우측간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p 〈 0.05). 본 연구에 적용한 육안 평가 점수에 따라서 A군(0∼3 grade), B군(4∼6 grade), C군(7∼9 grade)으로 분류하여 기기평가 상의 5개 파라미터와의 상관성을 본 결과 R4와 R5가 A군다 C군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p 〈 0.05). 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 연령이 증가할수록 육안평가 점수와 5개의 주름 파라미터는 증가하였으나 좌우측간에 차이는 나타나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 본 연구에서 적용한 육안평가 기준은 기기평가의 주름 파라미터 중 피부 주름의 평균 깊이와 피붜칠기를 나타내주는 R4와 R5를 더 정확히 반영함을 알수 있었고, 미세한 주름의 변화를 읽을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2015

In this study, the properties of Ag-coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were observed, while varying the molar ratio of water and $Ag^+$ for the surfactant and $TiO_2$. According to the XRD results, each nanoparticle showed a distinctive diffraction pattern. The intensity of the respective peaks and the sizes of the nanoparticles increased in the order of AT1($R_1=5$)(33.3 nm), AT2($R_1=10$)(38.1 nm), AT3($R_1=20$)(45.7 nm), AT4($R_1=40$)(48.6 nm) as well as AT5($R_2=0.2$, $R_3=0.5$)(41.4 nm), AT6($R_2=0.3$, $R_3=1$)(45.1 nm), AT7($R_2=0.5$, $R_3=1.5$)(49.3 nm), AT8($R_2=0.7$, $R_3=2$)(57.2 nm), which values were consistent with the results of the UV-Vis. spectrum. The surface resistance of the conductive pastes fabricated using the prepared Ag-coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles exhibited a range 7.0~9.0($274{\sim}328{\mu}{\Omega}/cm^2$) times that of pure silver paste(ATP)($52{\mu}{\Omega}/cm^2$).

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.837-844
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• 2010

In this study, performance of R1234yf and R1234yf/R134a mixture is measured on a heat pump bench tester in an attempt to substitute R134a used widely in mobile air conditioners (MACs). The bench tester is equipped with a open type compressor providing a nominal capacity of 3.5 kW. All tests are conducted under the summer cooling and winter heating conditions of 7/4 $5^{\circ}C$ and $-7/41^{\circ}C$ in the evaporator and condenser, respectively. For R1234yf/R134a mixture, measurements are made at 5%, 10%, and 15% of R134a by mass. Test results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) and capacity of R1234yf are up to 2.7% and 4.0% lower than those of R134a, respectively. For R1234yf/R134a mixture, the COP and capacity are up to 3.9% lower and 3.6% higher than those of R134a. For R1234yf and R1234yf/R134a mixture, the compressor discharge temperature is $4.1{\sim}6.7^{\circ}C$ lower than that of R134a while the amount of charge is reduced up to 11% as compared to R134a. 90%R1234yf/10%R134a is a better refrigerant than pure R1234yf in that it is less flammable and more compatible with existing R134a system. Based upon the results, it is concluded that R1234yf and R1234yf/R134a mixture are long term environmentally friendly solutions to mobile air-conditioners due to their excellent environmental properties with acceptable performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9137-9142
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• 2014

Background: To explore the expression of DcR3 protein and its clinicopathological significance in bladder urothelial carcinomas (BUC). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of DcR3, caspase-3, Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67, PCNA and P53 in 166 BUC and 56 normal bladder tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of DcR3 in the supernatants of cultured BUC cells. Results: Overexpression of DcR3 was found in BUC tissues and cell lines, with significant elevation as compared to normal bladder tissues (p<0.0001). Higher DcR3 expression was related to the status of invasion, lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Furthermore, DcR3 expression was negatively correlated with caspase-3 and positively associated with Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67 labeling index (LI), PCNA LI and P53 (all p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: DcR3 may play a crucial role as an oncogene in tumorigenesis, deterioration and progress of BUC via influencing related pathways of apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. The detection of DcR3 protein in the formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded samples could assist to predict in prognosis of BUC patients.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2012

The hyperbolic metric is invariant under the action of M$\ddot{o}$bius maps and unbounded. For 0 < $r$ < 1, there is an r-lattice in the Bergman metric. Using this r-lattice, we get the measure ${\mu}_r$ and the Toeplitz operator $T^{\alpha}_{\mu}_r$ and we prove that $T^{\alpha}_{\mu}_r$ is bounded and $T^{\alpha}_{\mu}_r$ is compact under some condition.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy $\alpha$-weakly r-continuous mapping on a fuzzy topological space and investigate some properties of such a mapping and the relationships among fuzzy $\alpha$-weakly r-continuity, fuzzy r-continuity and fuzzy weakly r-continuity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.235-253
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• 1992

A subacute toxicity study of cis-Malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II)(SKI 2053R) was carried out to obtain information on its toxicological profiles, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose in beagle dogs. Four groups of beagle dogs (2M and 2F per group, 0,0.5,1.0,2.0mg/kg/day)were given 15 i.v. injections of SKI 2053R. In order to compare the toxic effects of SKI 2053R with those of cisplatin, one group was treated with cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)according to the same treatment schedule. The dosing schedule was divided into 3 courses of 5 consecutive days with 23-day dose-free intervals between each course. After completion of the treatments, remaining dogs were necropsied under established guidelines. Three of four dogs in the high dose group and one of four dogs in the middle dose group treated with SKI 2053R died of hypovolemic shock secondary to hemorrhagic and ulcerative enterocolitis. No toxicity-related mortality occurred in the low dose group of SKI 2053R. No survivor was observed in the group of cisplatin. Clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and loss body weight were apparent in dogs given either cisplatin or high and middle doses of SKI 2053R. Severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia were observed in the high dose group of SKI 2053R and cisplatin-treatment group, while toxicities as bone marrow suppression were reversible. The significant elevation of serum ALP values in group of SKI 2053R(2.0 mg/kg/day and 1.0mg/kg/day) and cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)was observed. Slight proteinuria waa observed in high and middle dose level groups of SKI 2053R. In histopathological examinations, pathological alterations of liver, kidney and spleen were noted dose-dependantly in dogs treated with SKI 2053R, and there was no overt sign of toxicity in low dose group of SKI 2053R. Compared to SKI 2053R, more severe durg-related toxicities occurred in dogs treated with cisplatin. It waw estimated that maximum tolerated dose of SKI 2053R in this treatment schedule was 0.5~0.7mg/kg/day. In conclusion, overall toxic potential of SKI 2053R was approximately 3 times lower than that of cisplatin with respect of lethality.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.609-621
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• 2024

Objective: Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) differentiation is a critical physiological progress in skin hair follicle (HF) formation. Goat HFSCs differentiation is one of the essential processes of superior-quality brush hair (SQBH) synthesis. However, knowledge regarding the functions and roles of miR-133a-3p and miR-145-5p in differentiated goat HFSCs is limited. Methods: To examine the significance of chi-miR-133a-3p and chi-miR-145-5p in differentiated HFSCs, overexpression and knockdown experiments of miR-133a-3p and miR-145-5p (Mimics and Inhibitors) separately or combined were performed. NANOG, SOX9, and stem cell differentiated markers (β-catenin, C-myc, Keratin 6 [KRT6]) expression levels were detected and analyzed by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays in differentiated goat HFSCs. Results: miR-133a-3p and miR-145-5p inhibit NANOG (a gene recognized in keeping and maintaining the totipotency of embryonic stem cells) expression and promote SOX9 (an important stem cell transcription factor) expression in differentiated stem cells. Functional studies showed that miR-133a-3p and miR-145-5p individually or together overexpression can facilitate goat HFSCs differentiation, whereas suppressing miR-133a-3p and miR-145-5p or both inhibiting can inhibit goat HFSCs differentiation. Conclusion: These findings could more completely explain the modulatory function of miR-133a-3p and miR-145-5p in goat HFSCs growth, which also provide more understandings for further investigating goat hair follicle development.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.205-216
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• 1992

cis-Malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II)(SKI 2053R), an antitumor platinum complex, was selected for clinical evaluation on the basis of its experimental antitumor and toxicologic profiles in preclinical studies. These studies were performed to obtain information on its toxic signs, orgnas which are mainly affected, and to estimate its lethality in mice and rats given SKI 2053R through two routes of administration. In male and female rats given a single intragastrical dose of SKI 2053R, we estimated that $LD_{50}$ values were over 3.00g/kg, respectively. In male and female mice given a signle intragastrical dose of SKI 2053R, we estimated that $LD_{50}$ values were 2.44g/kg and 1.59g/kg, respectively, In a single intraperitoneal dose of SKI 2053R, we determined that $LD_{50}$ values of male and female rats were 227mg/kg and 182mg/kg, and those of male and female mice were 198mg/kg and 207mg/kg, respectively. In gross and histopathological examinations on dead animals, we found that kidney and liver were mainly affected.