• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2021

Background: Patients who have rotator cuff arthropathy experience a limited range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint and experience problems in performing their daily activities; however, no evidence is available to suggest the exact ROM of the shoulder joint in this population. Therefore, this study sought to determine the degree of motion of the shoulder joint in three planes during different activities. Methods: Five subjects with rotator cuff injuries participated in this study. The motion of the shoulder joints on both the involved and normal sides was assessed by a motion analysis system while performing forward abduction (task 1), flexion (task 2), and forward flexion (task 3). The OpenSIM software program was used to determine the ROM of the shoulder joints on both sides. The difference between the ranges of motion was determined using a two-sample t-test. Results: The ROMs of the shoulder joint in task 1 were 93.5°±16.5°, 72.1°±2.6°, and 103.9°±25.7° for flexion, abduction, and rotation, respectively, on the normal side and 28°±19.8°, 31°±31.56°, and 48°±33.5° on the involved side (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the flexion/extension and rotation movements of the shoulder joint when performing task 1. However, the difference between flexion and rotation movements of the shoulder joints for the second task was significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Those with rotator cuff arthropathy have functional limitations due to muscle weakness and paralysis, especially during the vertical reaching task. However, although these individuals have decreased ROM for transverse reaching tasks, the reduction was not significant.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2017

Objective: Dual-task interference is defined as decrements in performance observed when people attempt to perform two tasks concurrently, such as a verbal task and walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait ability according to the dual task interference in chronic stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors (9 male, 1 female; mean age, 55.30 years; mini mental state examination, 19.60; onset duration, 56.90 months) recruited from the local community participated in this study. Gait ability (velocity, paretic side step, and stride time and length) under the single- and dual-task conditions at a self-selected comfortable walking speed was measured using the motion analysis system. In the dual task conditions, subjects performed three types of cognitive tasks (controlled oral word association test, auditory clock test, and counting backwards) while walking on the track. Results: For velocity, step and stride length, there was a significant decrease in the dual-task walking condition compared to the single walking condition (p<0.05). In particular, higher reduction of walking ability was observed when applying the counting backward task. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the addition of cognitive tasks while walking may lead to decrements of gait ability in stroke survivors. In particular, the difficulty level was the highest for the calculating task. We believe that these results provide basic information for improvements in gait ability and may be useful in gait training to prevent falls after a stroke incident.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-42
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• 1989

This study was designed to investigate the relation between mother's interaction strategies and self-regulation of young children from a Vygotskian perspective. The hypotheses of this study were: 1) The self-regulation of young children will improve with increase in age, 2) the use of mothers' interaction strategies will increase as child's age decreases, 3) mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction depends on the age of child and socio-economic level, and 4) mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction will have negative relationship with child's self-regulation. The subjects of this study were 60 mother-child dyads with three different age-of-child groups (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). They were further divided into higher and lower socio-economic groups. A puzzle task was used for the measurement of self-regulation. The task consisted of two identical puzzles with one used as the model. The collected data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$, one-way and two-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's r. Self-regulation of the young children improved with increase in age (P < .05). The use of mothers' interaction strategy decreased as the children's age increased (P < .05). Mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction was influenced by the age of child (P < .01) and by socioeconomic level (P < .05). There was a negative correlation (r=-.848) between the mothers' directiveness in the mother-child interaction and the child's self-regulation (P < .001).

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-25
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dual-task training on stroke patients. Methods : We searched the databases such as NDSL, RISS, PubMed, CoChrane and EMBASE for publications in the past decade. Finally, 10 papers were selected. Qualitative assessment was performed according to the traditional single-layer evidence model, and meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0 program. Results : The quality level of each of the 10 selected papers all correspond to I and II in the traditional single-layer evidence model. The motor tasks that constitute dual-task training comprised walking or balancing tasks in 7 articles and the motor tasks related to upper extremity were selected in 3 studies. The effect sizes for ADL function and Cognitive function were 0.65 and 0.64 (medium size effect) respectively. Moreover, the effect sizes of Lower extremity and Upper extremity motor function were 0.34 and 0.22 (small size effect) respectively. The effect size of ADL function and Cognitive function were statistically significant p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-ask training can be a useful intervention technique for recovering a stroke patient's ability to perform daily activities and cognitive functions. This could be used as a helpful data when selecting appropriate intervention for stroke patients in the clinical setting.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the difference in washing and disinfection when the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) protocol was applied to foodservice operations. The results of the survey were as follows: Among the 116 foodservice operations surveyed, 67.2% were HACCP-compliant and 32.8% were not HACCP-compliant. Also, 62.9% served meals once daily, and 79.3% conducted food safety education once a month. Compared to HACCP non-compliant foodservice operations, the disinfection performance of HACCP-compliant operations was significantly better concerning worktables (p<0.001), food inspection tables (p<0.001), preparation tables for distribution (p<0.01), serving tables (p<0.01), overflow and trenches(p<0.05), sinks (p<0.05), and insect attracting lamps (p<0.01). Similarly, the disinfection performance of HACCP-compliant foodservice operations was significantly better for 18 cooking utensils and personal tools such as food slicers (p<0.001), multiple cooking machines (p<0.05), tray carts (p<0.001), stainless steel tools (p<0.001), rubber gloves (p<0.05). Worktables (45.1%), serving tables (29.6%), sinks (37.0%), and scales (21.6%) were most often disinfected 'at the end of each task', while food inspection tables (36.5%), food preparation tables for distribution (31.2%), dish machines (34.2%), overflow and trenches (25.7%), and floors (25.8%) were most often disinfected 'once a day'. All cooking utensils were most often disinfected 'at the end of each task'. 'Chemical disinfection' was most frequently used in all foodservice facilities. To improve the food safety management of foodservice operations, it is necessary to apply the HACCP protocol and comply with the washing and disinfection manual.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

In this paper, amplitude and phase difference patterns for theta and alpha bands of the Evoked Potential(EP) in relation to perform a task at visual stimulus were analyzed using the Empirical mode decomposition(EMD). The EMD is applied to decompose EP signals with task-related sub-frequency band signals. Intrinsic mode function was implied in Hilbert transform and instantaneous amplitude and phase differences of theta and alpha were derived from Hilbert transformed EP. In a task status, large amplitude for both bands was observed at P2, N2, and P3 points as well as maximum phase difference was observed at N1 and P2. We confirmed that both bands are associated with a task at visual stimulus, and less associated with fixation. The proposed method enhances the time and frequency resolution in comparison with band-pass filter method which observed different phase results according to conditions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.1024-1031
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• 2019

The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) with its liquid circulating fuel and its fast neutron spectrum calls for a new safety approach including technological neutral methodologies and analysis tools adapted to early design phases. In the frame of the Horizon2020 program SAMOFAR (Safety Assessment of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor) a safety approach suitable for Molten Salt Reactors is being developed and applied to the MSFR. After a description of the MSFR reference design, this paper focuses on the identification of the Postulated Initiating Events (PIEs), which is a core part of the global assessment methodology. To fulfil this task, the Functional Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FFMEA) and the Master Logic Diagram (MLD) are selected and employed separately in order to be as exhaustive as possible in the identification of the initiating events of the system. Finally, an extract of the list of PIEs, selected as the most representative events resulting from the implementation of both methods, is presented to illustrate the methodology and some of the outcomes of the methods are compared in order to highlight symbioses and differences between the MLD and the FFMEA.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the frequency band pass filter on the P300 event-related potential in the working memory. Methods : The subjects were 20 women in their 20s who applied for participation in the experiment. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited using 3-back tasks for the working memory, and were recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz scalp electrodes. The high-pass filters were set to 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3 Hz for analysis purposes, and the low-pass filters were set to 30 and 15 Hz. The 3-back task was presented for a total of 100 times, among which 30 times were designated for the target stimulation (a matched number) and 70 times for the non-target stimulation (an unmatched number). The temporal interval between each stimulation was set at 1 second, while each time duration was randomly presented between 2 to 4 seconds. ERP were analyzed for the P300 recorded from Fz, Pz and Cz scalp electrodes. Results : Latency and amplitude had no significant interaction effects in both the high- and low-pass filters. For the main effects, the latency and amplitude of the P300 event-related potential had no significant difference in the high-pass filters, but the latency had a significant difference in the low-pass filter of Fz, and the amplitude had a significant difference in the low-pass filter of Pz. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the less than 0.3 Hz high filters had no effects on the differences between the latency and amplitude of the P300 event-related potential in the working memory. The 30Hz low-pass filter, however, was found to be useful for recording the P300 event-related potential in the working memory.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.268-276
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to verify the theoretical relationship between sports ability beliefs, achievement goal orientation, exercise flow, and athletic performance in college golf athletes. The results of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 and Analysis of MOment Structures (AMOS) 18.0 performed on the data collected from 211 participants are as follows. First, hypothesis testing showed that college golf athletes with incremental beliefs set task-oriented goals (C.R.=3.780, p<.001). Second, the task-oriented goals (C.R.=4,082, p<.001) and ego-oriented goals (C.R.=3.819, p<.001) in achievement goal orientation raised the level of flow during golf. Third, in achieving goal orientation, only task orientation led to a higher perceived level of golf performance (C.R.=3.020, p<.01). Fourth, a higher level of flow led to higher levels of golf performance (C.R.=4.642, p<.001). Other sub-factors were not statistically significant in the current study. These results could be applied in the field of sports as they show what results can be achieved depending on the athlete's belief in their sports ability.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.51-73
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• 2016

This study analyzes on the perception of public librarians about lifelong education tasks in public library using Mann Whitney U-test, Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis. At the same time, analysis about re-education needs using Analytic Hierarchy Process is conducted. As result, at first, 87% of respondents feel moderate or difficult about lifelong education tasks, especially on planning task. At second, librarians who have qualification about lifelong educator feel easier (P=0.04) than others, in detail, task about lecturer liaison (P=0.04) and planning (P=0.05). Adding that, the career experience and the job difficulty of librarians has negative relationship (R=-0.217). Especially scheduling (R=-0.33) and progressing (R=-0.22) tasks show statistically meaningful. At third, as the result of Multiple regression analysis, tasks about planning (P=0.04) and library marketing (P=0.05) are selected as meaningful elements which effect overall difficulty of life long education job. As final, 91% of librarian need retraining for life long education function, as result of spearman (R=-0.210), the more librarians feels difficult about life long education jobs, the more they need retraining. Anyway, as the result of priority of retraining subjects through AHP technique, user communication (CU P=0.310), planning (PL P=0.246), library marketing (LM P=0.173) are in weight order. CR ratio shows 0.146 with permissible degree.