• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2021

The purpose of this work is the development of a method for an effective, less expensive, rapid, and simultaneous determination of three phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) widely present in food resources and known for their antioxidant powers. The method relies on partial least squares (PLS) calibration of UV-visible spectroscopic data. This model was applied to simultaneously determine, the concentrations of caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA), and quercetin (Q) in six herb infusion extracts: basil, chive, laurel, mint, parsley, and thyme. A wavelength range (250-400) nm, and an experimental calibration matrix with 21 samples of ternary mixtures composed of CA (6.0-21.0 mg/L), GA (10.0-35.2 mg/L), and Q (6.4-17.5 mg/L) were chosen. Spectroscopic data were mean-centered before calibration. Two latent variables were determined using the contiguous block cross-validation procedure after calculating the root mean square error cross-validation RMSECV. Other statistic parameters: RMSEP, R², and Recovery (%) were used to determine the predictive ability of the model. The results obtained demonstrated that UV-visible spectrometry and PLS regression were successfully applied to simultaneously quantify the three phenolic compounds in synthetic ternary mixtures. Moreover, the concentrations of CA, GA and Q in herb infusion extracts were easily predicted and found to be 3.918-18.055, 9.014-23.825, and 9.040-13.350 mg/g of dry sample, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권3호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2024

In this paper, a quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory for the bending responses of a functionally graded (FG) porous micro-beam is based on a modified couple stress theory requiring only one material length scale parameter that can capture the size influence. The model proposed accounts for both shear and normal deformation effects through an illustrative variation of all displacements across the thickness and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the micro-beam. The effective material properties of the functionally graded micro-beam are assumed to vary in the thickness direction and are estimated using the homogenization method of power law distribution, which is modified to approximate the porous material properties with even and uneven distributions of porosity phases. The equilibrium equations are obtained using the virtual work principle and solved using Navier's technique. The validity of the derived formulation is established by comparing it with the ones available in the literature. Numerical examples are presented to investigate the influences of the power law index, material length scale parameter, beam thickness, and shear and normal deformation effects on the mechanical characteristics of the FG micro-beam. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of the size effects increases the microbeams stiffness, which consequently leads to a reduction in deflections. In contrast, the shear and normal deformation effects are just the opposite.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2002년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.63.1-63
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• 2002

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.75-80
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 DES 알고리즘과 EDE 알고리즘을 이용한 데이터 암호화와 전자서명 기술을 접목한 인터넷 폰 보안시스템을 구현하였다. 비밀키 알고리즘의 키 분배 문제를 해결하기 위하여 Diffie-Hellman 알고리즘을 이용한 새로운 키 분배 방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 암호화에 따른 전송지연 시간을 감소시키기 위해 DES 알고리즘의 S-Box와 P-Box를 하나의 테이블로 조합하여 운영하였다. 제안된 인터넷 폰 보안 시스템은 자바로 구현하였으며, 실험결과 DES 알고리즘을 이용할 경우 1.46초, EDE 알고리즘을 이용할 경우 3.25초의 전송지연 시간을 보였다. 제안된 시스템에서 사용된 기술들은 향후 음향제작물의 저작권 보호와 인터넷을 이용하는 데이터의 보호에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.291-309
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• 2020

Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr³⁺ electrolytes on HB-pencil graphite electrode. Factors influencing the electrochemical behavior and the processes of Cr nucleation and growth were explored using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques, respectively. Cr³⁺ reduction was found to occur through an irreversible diffusion-controlled step followed by another irreversible one of impure diffusional behaviour. The reduction behavior was found to be greatly affected by Cr³⁺ concentration, temperature, and type of hydrogen bond donor used in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) preparation. A more comprehensive model was suggested and successfully applied to extract a consistent data relevant to Cr nucleation kinetics from the experimental current density transients. The potential, the temperature, and the hydrogen bond donor type were estimated to be critical factors controlling Cr nucleation. The nucleation and growth processes of Cr from either choline chloride/ethylene glycol (EG-DES) or choline chloride/urea (U-DES) deep eutectic solvents were evaluated at 70℃ to be three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous and diffusion-controlled, respectively. However, the kinetics of Cr nucleation from EG-DES was found to be faster than that from U-DES. Cr nucleation was tending to be instantaneous at higher temperature, potential, and Cr³⁺ concentration. Cr nuclei electrodeposited from EG-DES were characterized at different conditions using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that high number density of fine spherical nuclei of almost same sizes was nearly obtained at higher temperature and more negative potential. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms that Cr deposits were obtained.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2020

This study approaches, from a floristic perspective, the under-researched human-primate competition for forest resources. Investigating the human impact on fruit trees edible for Kinda baboons (Papio kindae Lönnberg), we have collated dietary data on a free-ranging troop and floristic information on two forest sites of the Kundelungu National Park (KNP), Democratic Republic of Congo: the relatively intact Integral Zone (IZ) and the human-disturbed Annex Zone (AZ). Trees with DBH≥10 cm have been identified, counted and measured throughout 22 sample plots (11 per site), each measuring 1,000 ㎡. A total of seven woody species whose fruits are eaten by Kinda baboons were recorded. Four of them, namely the Sycamore fig Ficus sycomorus L., the Mobola plum Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth, the Kudu berry Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax and the Monkey orange Strychnos innocua Delile were found in both sites, while the Large-leaved jackal-berry Diosyros kirkii Hiern and the Buffalo thorn Ziziphus mucronata Willd. were exclusively in the IZ, and Strychnos cocculoides Baker only in the AZ. Compared to the IZ, the AZ had lower values of stem density, species richness and diversity indices, suggesting a negative human impact on baboon-edible trees, in line with our hypothesis. Moreover, as was expected, human activities decreased the abundance of larger baboon-edible fruit trees. However, the size-class distribution of P. curatellifolia depicted a reverse J-curve in the AZ. The abundant younger P. curatellifolia trees remaining in that human-disturbed site constitute an important food stock for baboons, if well preserved. These results also illustrate the critical role of rangers' patrols, formerly more frequent (and presumably efficient) in the IZ than in the AZ of the Park. Their implications on baboons and miombo forests are discussed from both the research and conservation perspectives.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2008

이 논문은 프랑스의 장편 애니메이션 르네상스의 미학적 분석을 시도한다. 애니메이션은 '이미지 서사'이므로, 이미지만을 분석하거나 또는 이미지와 무관한 이야기만을 분석할 수 없다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 작품 분석의 하나의 표본으로써, 작품제작의 콘텍스트와 스토리 라인, 이미지의 특성들, 내용적 측면에서의 특성들, 그리고 이를 모두 포괄하는 미학적 특성들이라는 측면으로 접근하려 한다. 이러한 순차적인 접근은 하나의 작품을 평가하는 데 있어서 어떤 부분이 어떤 식으로 탁월하거나 또는 반복적이라는 점을 지적함으로써 작품에 대한 전체적인 평가를 허용한다. 마지막으로, 이러한 접근 방식이 지니는 한계점에 대해서도 지적한다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.223-240
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• 2016

In this study, poly(vinyl-alcohol) and water insoluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin polymer (${\beta}$-CDP) cross-linked with citric acid, have been used as macrocyclic carrier in the preparation of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for aniline (as molecule model) extraction from aqueous media. The obtained membranes were firstly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and water swelling test. The transport of aniline was studied in a two-compartment transport cell under various experimental conditions, such as carrier content in the membranes, stirring rate and initial aniline concentration. The kinetic study was performed and the kinetic parameters were calculated as rate constant (k), permeability coefficient (P) and flux (J). These first results demonstrated the utility of such polymeric membranes for environmental decontamination of toxic organic molecules like aniline. Predictive modeling of transport flux through these materials was then studied using design of experiments; the design chosen was a two level full factorial design $2^k$. An empirical correlation between aniline transport flux and independent variables (Poly ${\beta}$-CD membrane content, agitation speed and initial aniline concentration) was successfully obtained. Statistical analysis showed that initial aniline concentration of the solution was the most important parameter in the study domain. The model revealed the existence of a strong interaction between the Poly ${\beta}$-CD membrane content and the stirring speed of the source solution. The good agreement between the model and the experimental transport data confirms the model's validity.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1999

본 논문에서 제안하는 HEA(Hangul Encryption Algorithm)는 초성, 중성, 종성의 다차원구조로 이루어진 한글의 특성을 이용하여 조합형 한글 음절을 암호화하여 조합형 한글 음절을 생 성한다. HEA 에서는 암호화 결과가 모두 한글 터미널에 표시가능한 한글이므로 출력 내용이 표시가능해 야 하는 메일 시스템 등에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. HEA는 DES에 기반하고 있으며 키전수 탐색 differential cryptanalysis linear cryptanalysis 에대하여 DES와 유사한 안전도를 가지며 암호문의 음 소별 임의성, 평문-암호문 연쇄효과 키-암호문 연쇄효과도 갖는다. In this paper we present a Hangul Encryption Algorithm (HEA) which encrypts composition Hangul syllables into composition Hangul syllables using the non-linear structure of Hangul. Since ciphertexts generated by HEA are displayable characters HEA can be used in applications such as Privacy Enhanced mail (PEM) where ciphertexts should be displayable characters. HEA is based on DES and it can be shown that HEA is as safe as DES against the exhaustive key search differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis. HEA also has randomness of phonemes of ciphertexts and satisfies plaintext-ciphetext avalanche effect and key-ciphertext avalanche effect.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2024

Background: The Discovery Elbow System (DES) utilizes a polyethylene bearing within the ulnar component. An exchange bearing requires preoperative freezing and implantation within 2 minutes of freezer removal to allow insertion. We report our outcomes and experience using this technique. Methods: This was an analysis of a two-surgeon consecutive series of DES bearing exchange. Inclusion criteria included patients in which exchange was attempted with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic review was performed 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10 years postoperative. Outcome measures included range of movement, Oxford Elbow Score (OES), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), complications and requirement for revision surgery. Results: Eleven DESs in 10 patients were included. Indications were bearing wear encountered during humeral component revision (n=5); bearing failure (n=4); and infection treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR; n=2). Bearing exchange was conducted on the first attempt in 10 cases. One case required a second attempt. One patient developed infection postoperatively managed with two-stage revision. Mean follow-up of the bearing exchange DES was 3 years. No further surgery was required, with no infection recurrence in DAIR cases. Mean elbow flexion-extension and pronosupination arcs were 107°(±22°) and 140° (±26°). Mean OES was 36/48 (±12) and MEPS was 83/100 (±19). Conclusions: Our results support the use of DES bearing exchange in cases of bearing wear with well-fixed stems or acute infection. This series provides surgeons managing DES arthroplasty with management principles, successful and reproducible surgical techniques and expected clinical outcomes in performing DES polyethylene bearing exchange. Level of evidence: IV.