• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2006

This research is focused on not only cultivated land as an important factor which represented the agricultural district, but also details of the research in the landscape of cultivated land. Moreover, we also focused on the cultivated land operating environmental friendly agriculture which took a lot of interest among the landscape of the cultivated land. The reason is, we judged environmental friendly agriculture is not only the simple purpose only for manufacturing food but also the key role for preserving their environment and landscape, and making sustainable agriculture. For this reason, our research treats the analysis that operating environmental friendly landscape has what kinds of different factors in landscape characteristic compare with other general agricultural methods. Plus we selected evaluating both the degree of citizen's presence and the degree of rural residents's importance in those factors as a mainly research matter. We drew out the landscape of cultivated land and concerning factors by analyzing policies(ESA, CSS, CTE, MFSP, ACL, etc) concerned with overseas agricultural landscape to deduct landscape Character factors in internal cultivated land. Based on eleven items of landscape factors in cultivated land deducted by documents research, we started to conduct field studies during MAY. 7th. 2004 $\sim$ JUL. 8th, DEC. 1th $\sim$ 3th reaching 32 villages and concerned institutes to deduct the factors in landscape characteristic in agricultural cultivated land in detail. We analyzed degrees of importance and preference in citizen and rural residents classified by 5 province of the whole country to evaluate the landscape Character factors in environmental friendly agriculture deducted by field research and 21 documents including extra items such as a scene of duck grazing by the duck techniques which is very popular way among internal environmental friendly agriculture, gardening space composed around farm and furrow on slope ground formed by unique topology in hilly country. The research period was progressed for 20 days from MAY. 28th. 2005 $\sim$ JUN. 17th. This research is the result that cultivated land landscape as a detail item holding agricultural environment especially, it is also meaningful result in environmental friendly agriculture as a basic research, because it is not only a value of simple food producing but also very effective role in both landscape and environmental parts.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2002

Objectives : To identify the relationship between the use of medical services by workers with three types of respiratory diseases(total respiratory diseases, acute upper respiratory infections and chronic lower respiratory diseases) and exposure to hazardous agents after controlling for other factors affecting medical services use, such as characteristics of the enterprises(scale, industry type) and employee demographics (sex, age). Methods : The study population comprised 28,882 workers who had undergone general or special medical examinations at the industrial health center at least once between Jan 1995 and Dec 1997 and had possessed medical insurance during the period. We combined medical examination data with medical insurance data in order to analyze the relationship between exposure to hazardous agents and respiratory diseases, Results : Among the 28,882 study subjects, 17,454 employees(60.4%) used medical services more than once during 3-year study period, owing to more than one kind of respiratory diseases. In logistic regression analysis, sex, age and the size of the enterprises proved to be significant variables on the use of medical services for all three types of respiratory disease; The use of medical services increased with employee age. Women used more medical services than men and the employees in the large-scale enterprises used more services than employees in small-scale enterprises. However, exposure to dust or organic solvents did not affect medical service use due to total respiratory diseases or acute upper respiratory infections. Only in the case of chronic lower respiratory diseases did workers exposed to dusts(OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.01-1.24) or organic solvents(OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.05-1.35) use more medical services than those not exposed. Conclusions : Workers exposed to dusts or organic solvents are particularly apt to suffer from chronic lower respiratory diseases and use medical services more often than those not exposed. That is, chronic exposure to hazardous agents such as dusts and organic solvents is believed to be harmful and to cause respiratory symptoms and diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.539-548
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate algal community structures and their correlations with environmental factors on five weir areas in the Nakdong River, South Korea. Water qualities, hydrodynamics, meteorological conditions and algal species compositions were observed in studied sites from May 2010 to Dec. 2013. Results showed that average total phosphorus concentration of 2013 was decreased by 52.4% in comparing with that from 2010 to 2011. Chlorophyll.a concentrations were positive significant with water temperature, pH, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, but is not significant with turbidity and suspended solids. Seasonal successions of algae were observed that Stephanodiscus sp. was dominant species with 65.3% of dominant frequency in studied site. Large algal biomass of the low temperature-adapted diatoms were observed during temperature range of $4{\sim}9^{\circ}C$, but large cyanobacterial biomass mainly during high temperature period ranged from $22^{\circ}C$ to $32^{\circ}C$. Microcystis sp. dominated during high water temperature in summer. The yearly correlations of algal biomass with accumulated solar radiations were not significant but seasonal correlations of summer from June to August were significant with correlation coefficient 0.33 (p<0.05). There were not significant correlations between turbidities and algal biomass. Turbidity and suspended solids concentrations were not significant correlation with algal biomass. According to the results, algal communities had strong correlation with water temperature and had partially correlation with solar radiation. For an effective management of algal blooms, water managers should survey with more long-term monitoring of various environmental factors and algal communities.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.218-221
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• 2008

The aim of this work was to establish the standard for goat milk somatic cell counts. The data were obtained from MGEN, which were collected from Dec. 2006 to Nov. 2007. A total of three hundred and forty somatic cell counts from 12 goat milk farms were analyzed. A goat milk grading system by somatic cell count is proposed; less than 1,000,000/mL, 1,000,000-1,500,000/mL, 1,500,000-2,000,000/mL, 2,000,000/mL-2,500,000/mL, and over 2,500,000/mL. Under the grading system, the ratio of first grade goat milk would be 26.2%, and that of the fifth grade would be 11.8%. The first grade ratio is low and the fifth grade ratio is high compared to the cow milk grading system. It is expected that somatic cell counts of domestic goat milk will be improved by the proposed grading system.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.222-233
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• 2010

This paper aims at predicting the BDI from Jan. to Dec. 2010 using such econometric techniues of the univariate time series as stochastic ARIMA-type models and Hodrick-Prescott filtering technique. The multivariate cause-effect econometric model is not employed for not assuring a higher degree of forecasting accuracy than the univariate variable model. Such a cause-effect econometric model also fails in adjusting itself for the post-sample. This article introduces the two ARIMA models and five Intervention-ARIMA models. The monthly data cover the period January 2000 through December 2009. The out-of-sample forecasting performance is compared between the ARIMA-type models and the random walk model. Forecasting performance is measured by three summary statistics: root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean error (ME). The RMSE and MAE indicate that the ARIMA-type models outperform the random walk model And the mean errors for all models are small in magnitude relative to the MAE's, indicating that all models don't have a tendency of overpredicting or underpredicting systematically in forecasting. The pessimistic ex-ante forecasts are expected to be 2,820 at the end of 2010 compared with the optimistic forecasts of 4,230.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

One of the major advantages of microsurgical reconstruction for defects of the hand is that these techniques allow for selection of the most ideal tissue to reconstruct a particular defect, thus optimizing the functional and aesthetic outcome. The dorsalis pedis free flap is an excellent reconstructive tool for various hand reconstructions. It has a reliable vasculature with vessels that are relative large on a long pedicle. It provides thin pliable tissue and be innervated by deep peroneal nerve. Coupled with its thinness and pliability, it is ideal for innervated cover of critically sensitive area, especially such as the hand. Thus it can be used as a cutaneotendinous flap, or an osteocutaneous flap. Otherwise, the major criticism with this flap is related to its uncertain vascularity and the donor defect. It is the purpose of this paper to outline our technique of flap elevation and donor site closure and to indicate our current use of this flap in hand reconstruction. We have treated 10 cases (6 burn scar contracture cases, 4 acute hand trauma cases) of hand reconstruction from Dec. 3, 1997 to Mar. 4, 2004 using dorsalis pedis free flap. The key points for sucess in terms of a viable flap and acceptable donor site are the preservation of the critical dorsalis pedis-first dorsal metatarsal vascular axis and the creation of a viable bed for grafting. In addition, we substituted preserved superficial fat skin graft for split thickness skin graft and wet environment was offered for good graft take. Preserved superficial fat skin is defined as composite graft containing epidermis, dermis and superficial fat layer. With sufficient care in flap elevation and donor site closure, a good graft take of preserved superficial fat skin under wet environment can be achieved with no functional disability and minimal cosmetic deformity in donor site. This flap has proved itself to be a best choice for hand reconstruction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was identified the influence of introducing Electronic Medical Records (EMR) on reception attitude, based on literature investigation, the study converted utility and serviceability from Davis TAM Model into awareness of effects in computerized database except attitude variable. The electronic survey for doctors, nurses, medical technicians of a general hospital located in Gangwon-do was performed for 4 weeks from Nov, 11th, 2009 to Dec, 2nd and the collected data was computerized through SPSS 12.0. The factors influencing reception attitude were divided into 4 categories; basic characteristics of the individual, awareness of privacy protection, awareness of effects in computerized database, technological preparation and measured detailed specific variables. As the result of this, the factors influencing reception intention were different depending on recognizing the effectiveness caused by computerization of medical information. Especially, in terms of the difference between basic characteristics of the individual and awareness of privacy protection, there were significant distinctions among 3 sectors; general, transactional, online information management. The significant effects were identified from information management related to business or online information management depending on experiencing security education.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.793-802
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• 1997

A clinical analysis was performed on 52 cases of tuberculous pleurisy experienced in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and department of medicine, Chosun University Hospital during a period from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1995. Among them, male was 39 cases, female was 13 cases, with age ranged from 7 to 73 years. The common symptoms were chest pain 75%, dyspnea 59.6%, cough 55.8%. The most common diagnostic tool was pleural biopsy. The protein levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 0.9∼6.5 gmojo, and ratios of effusion protein to serum protein were 0.48 ∼ 1.06. The glucose levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 37∼ 112 mg%. The LDH levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 80 ∼ 2440 unitlml, and ratios of tuberculous p eural effusion LDH to serum LDH were 0.48 ∼ 1.03. The ADA levels in the tuberculous pleural effusion were 24-63 lU/L. The common surgical methods of treatment in the tuberculous pleurisy were closed thoracostomy in 18 cases(66.7%), and thoracentesis in 5 cases(18.5%). This study compares the clinical results of group A and group B. There were no significant differences for age and sex, lag period from initial symptoms to admission, diagnostic method, and protein, pH, LDH, glucose, ADA levels in tuberculous pleural effusion. Authors noted that the discharge after admission on the tuberculous pleurisy was more faster in patients with surgical treatment than in patients with only medical treatment. (Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;30:793-802)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.707-712
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• 1998

Seasonal variation in the proximate composition, cholesterol (CHOL) and $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-Toc) content of 12 spices of fish muscle, which caught off Tongyeong coast of the Southern Sea (Nam-Hae) from Mar. 1995 to Feb. 1996, was studied. Lipid and moisture content showed remarkable seasonal variation and there were a negative correlation between the both (r= -0,85, p<0.001), while protein and ash content unchanged almost through the sampling period. The lipid content of anchovy, hickoryshad, black sea bream, finespotted flounder sea eel, bastard, and file fish was high in Dec. Oct. Nov. Jan. Jan. Nov, respectively, and low in the season corresponding to their spawning period. However, in case of striped mullet, yellow tail, mackerel, rock fish and red sea bream, there was no correlation between their lipid content and spawning period, and thus these fishes fore considered to be affected more by water temperature and the content of their diet. CHOL content increased In :he season containing a high level of lipid, whereas $\alpha$-Toc content unchanged almost through the sampling period.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-147
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting behavior and satisfaction of life in female undergraduate students, to provide the basic data for health promoting intervention in order to improve satisfaction of life. The subjects of this study were 345 female undergraduate students living in Jecheon city who were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected through self-reported questionnaires from Oct. 2 to Dec. 20, 2001. Research instruments used in this study were the health promoting lifestyle profile developed by Walker et al(1987), satisfaction of life developed by Pavot and Diener(1993), perceived health status by Lawston et al(1982), self-esteem by Rosenberg(1965), self-efficacy by Becker et al(1993), health locus of control by Wallston et al(1978). The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/Win program. The results of this study were as follows； 1) The mean score of health promoting behavior was 2.31 point out of 4. Among the sub-levels of health promoting behavior, the order of importance was the following self-actualization(2.76), interpersonal support(2.75), stress management(2.31), nutrition(2.06), health responsibility(1.83), exercise(1.76). The mean score of satisfaction of life was 4.11 point out of 7. 2) The health promoting behavior showed significant positive correlation with perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, powerful others health locus of control. The satisfaction of life showed significant positive correlation with perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, health promoting behavior. 3) In the relationship between general characteristics and health promoting behavior, there was a significant difference in majors(F＝8.50, p＝.000). In the relationship between general characteristics and satisfaction of life were significant differences in a grades(F＝2.67, p＝.04) and economic status of parents(F＝8.59, p＝.000) 4) The most powerful predictor of health promoting behavior was self-efficacy. A combination of self-efficacy, self-esteem and powerful others health locus of control accounted for 34.7% of the variance in health promoting behavior. The most powerful predictor of satisfaction of life was self-esteem. A combination of self-esteem, health promoting behavior, perceived health status, economic status of parents and grade accounted for 34.0% of the variance in satisfaction of life. In conclusion, we need a health promotion program focusing on exercise, health responsibility and nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy and self-esteem should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle and satisfaction of life in female college students.