• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.412-415
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 금속을 담지한 alumina bead 촉매를 이용하여 ammonium dinitramide (ADN)기반 단일액상추진제 분해 성능 분석을 수행하였다. Alumina bead를 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 후, 회전 증발기를 이용하여 과량 용액 함침법 (Excess water impregnation)으로 alumina bead에 Pt 및 Cu 를 담지하였다. 자체 제작한 batch 반응기에서 ADN기반 단일액상추진제 분해 온도($T_{dec}$)를 측정하였다. Cu/$Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 Pt/$Al_2O_3$ 촉매에 비해 분해 온도가 더 낮게 나타났으며, $T_{dec}$ 는 약 $130^{\circ}C$이었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.446-457
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• 2008

세 종류의 히드록시프로필 셀룰로오스(HPC) 유도체들, 즉 에스터화도(DE)가 0.6에서 3의 범위에 있는 6-(콜레스테릴옥시카보닐)펜톡시프로필 셀룰로오스들(CHPEs), DE가 0.4에서 3의 범위에 있는 [6-4-{4'-(니트로페닐아조)펜옥시카보닐}] 펜톡시프로필 셀룰로오스들(NHPCs) 그리고 완전치환 6-(콜레스테릴옥시카보닐)펜타노화 NHPCs(CNHPCs)들을 합성함과 동시에 이들의 열방성 액정 특성들을 검토하였다. 모든 CHPCs 그리고 $DE{\leq}1.7$인 NHPCs는 쌍방성 콜레스테릭 상들을 형성하는 반면 6-(콜레스테릴옥시카보닐) 펜타노일 DE (DEC)가 1.6이상인 CNHPCs는 단방성 콜레스테릭 상들을 형성하였다. 한편, $DE{\geq}2.4$인 NHPCs 그리고 $DEC{\leq}3$인 CNHPCs는 단방성 네마틱 상들을 형성하였다. HPC와 동일하게, $DEC{\leq}1$인 NHPCs는 온도상승에 의해 광학피치들(${{\lambda}_m}'s$)이 증가하는 우측 방향의 나선구조를 형성하는 반면 모든 CHPCs는 온도상승에 의해 ${\lambda}_m$들이 감소하는 좌측방향의 나선구조를 형성하였다. 이들 유도체와 달리, $1.4{\leq}DE{\leq}1.7$인 NHPCs 그리고 $DEC{\geq}1.6$인 CNHPEs는 콜레스테릭 상의 전 범위에서 반사 색깔을 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 사실은 셀룰로오스 사슬 그리고 콜레스테릴 그룹에 의한 나선의 비틀림력은 mesogenic 그룹의 화학구조와 DE에 민감하게 의존함을 시사한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an air sampling and analytical method for estimating worker exposure to linear carbonate solvents and to evaluate the method. Methods: The target substances were three linear carbonates: DMC, DEC, EMC. GC/FID was used for sample analysis. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine desorption solvents and sample capacity, and to evaluate storage stability, accuracy, and precision. Results: Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC, 100/50 mg) was used as the air sampling media, and a desorption solvent of 5% methanol/95% dichloromethane was selected. Recommended sampling capacities were 1~11 ℓ for DMC, 1~18 ℓ for DEC, and 1~24 ℓ for EMC. The stability of three linear carbonates was demonstrated over 30 days in a refrigerator (4℃). Detection limits were determined as follows: DMC 0.26 ㎍/sample, DEC 0.24 ㎍/sample, and EMC 0.25 ㎍/sample. The total coefficient of variation was calculated as DMC 0.064, DEC 0.079, and EMC 0.07. Conclusions: This sampling and analysis method is suitable for estimating personal exposure to linear carbonates in the workplace.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2018

Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction examinations were conducted in the center of a $73\;GWd/t_U\;UO_2$ fuel. They showed the formation of subdomains within the initial grains. The local crystal orientations in these domains were close to that of the original grain. Most of the fission gas bubbles were located on the boundaries. Their shapes were far from spherical and far from lenticular. No interlinked bubble network was found. These observations shed light on previous unexplained observations. They plead for a revision of the classical description of fission gas release mechanisms for the center of high burn-up $UO_2$. Yet, complementary detailed observations are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

Lithium ions can induce the thermal runaway phenomenon and lead to reignition due to electrical, mechanical, and environmental factors such as high temperature, smoke generation, explosions, or flames, which is extremely likely to create safety concerns. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the flame retardancy of the electrolyte is to use a flame-retardant additive. Comparing the associated characteristic value of existing substances with the required experimental value, it was found that these values were either considerably different or were not documented. It is vital to know a substance's combustion characteristic values, flash point, explosion limit, and autoignition temperature (AIT) as well as its combustion characteristics before using it. In this research, the flash point and AIT of materials were measured by mixing a highly volatile and flammable substance, diethyl carbonate (DEC), with flame-retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The flash point of DEC, which is a pure substance, was 29℃, and that for DMMP was 65℃. Further, the lower explosion limit calculated using the measured flash point of DEC was 1.79 Vol.%, while that for DMMP was 0.79 Vol.%. The AIT was 410℃ and 390℃ for DEC and DMMP, respectively. In particular, since the AIT of DMMP has not been discussed in any previous study, it is necessary to ensure safety through experimental values. In this study, the experimental and regression analysis revealed that the average absolute deviation (ADD) for the flash point of the DEC+DMMP DEC+DMMP system is 0.58 sec and that the flash point tends to increase according to changes in the composition employed. It also revealed that the AAD for the AIT of the mixture was 3.17 sec and that the AIT tended to decrease and then increase based on changes in the composition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.545-549
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• 2001

We have produced electrolyte solution out of 1.15M $LiPF_6$ EC/EMC/DEC/PC(30/55/10/5 by vol%) as a reference, and at the same time, performed basic physical property test using a single solvent of 1.15M $LiPF_6$ DEC, DMC, EMC and a 2 component electrolyte solution of 1.15M $LiPF_6$ EC/DEC(1/2 by vol%) and PC/DEC(1/2 by vol%). Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis showed that, compared to existing carbonate organic solvent, the addition of DEC,DMC and EMC brought the de-decomposition peak of salt anion of $PF_6$ and the solvent at lower oxidization potential of 2.3V, 0.7V and 2.1V(vs. $Li/Li^+$). In addition, a kinetics current peak, in which intercalation of Lt is proceeded at 750mV, 450mV(vs. $Li/Li^+$), was confirmed. These findings suggest that the DEC solvent decomposition occurred at an electric potential lower than that of oxidization of existing carbonate organic solvent. Through the impedance analysis, we checked electric charge transfer resistance($R_{ct}$) according to the electric potential of $Li^+$ intercalation at 750mV(vs. $Li/Li^+$), which was the same as the resistance ($R_f$) and cyclic voltammetry of SEI film that was formed at Reference. By doing so, we found that the significant decrease of polarization resistance($R_p$) when Reference was played a part in the formation of compact SEI layer at the initial decomposition reaction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.545-549
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• 2001

We have produced electrolyte solution out of 1.15M LiPF$\sub$6/ EC/EMC/DEC/PC(30/55/10/5 by vol%) as a reference, and at the same time, performed basic physical property test using a single solvent of 1.15M LiPF$\sub$6/DEC, DMC, EMC and a 2 component electrolyte solution of 1.15M LiPF$\sub$6/ EC/DEC(1/2 by vo%%) and PC/DEC(1/2 by vol%). Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis showed that, compared to existing carbonate organic solvent, the addition of DEC, DMC and EMC brought the de-decomposition peak of salt anion of PF$\sub$6/$\^$-/ and the solvent at lower oxidization potential of 2.3V, 0.7V and 2.1V(vs. Li/Li$\^$+/\`). In addition, a kinetics current peak, in which intercalation of Li$\^$+/ is proceeded at 750mv, 450mv(vs. Li/Li$\^$+/), was confirmed. These findings suggest that the DEC solvent decomposition occurred at an electric potential lower than that of oxidization of existing carbonate organic solvent. Through the impedance analysis, we checked electric charge transfer resistance(R$\sub$ct/) according to the electric potential of Li$\^$+/ intercalation at 750mv(vs. Li/Li$\^$+/), which was the same as the resistance (R$\sub$f/) and cyclic voltammetry of SEI film that was formed at Reference. By doing so, we found that the significant decrease of polarization resistance(R$\sub$p/) when Reference was played a part in the formation of compact SEI layer at the initial decomposition reaction.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2021

In this study, for a high-pressure turbine (HPT) of 800 MW class supercritical thermal-power plant, considering aerodynamic cross-coupling, we performed a rotordynamic logarithmic decrement (LogDec) stability analysis with various tilting pad journal bearing (TPJB) designs, which several steam turbine OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) currently apply in their supercritical and ultra-supercritical HPTs. We considered the following TPJB designs: 6-Pad load on pad (LOP)/load between pad (LBP), 5-Pad LOP/LBP, Hybrid 3-Pad LOP (lower 3-Pad tilting and upper 1-Pad fixed), and 5-Pad LBPs with the design variables of offset and preload. We used the API Level-I method for a LogDec stability analysis. Following results are summarized only in a standpoint of LogDec stability. The Hybrid 3-Pad LOP TPJBs most excellently outperform all the other TPJBs over nearly a full range of cross-coupled stiffness. In a high range of cross-coupled stiffness, both the 6-Pad LOP and 5-Pad LOP TPJBs may be recommended as a practical conservative bearing design approach for enhancing a rotordynamic stability of the HPT. As expected, in a high range of cross-coupled stiffness, the 6-Pad LBP TPJBs exhibit a better performance than the 5-Pad LBP TPJBs. However, contrary to one's expectation, notably, the 5-Pad LOP TPJBs exhibit a slightly better performance than the 6-Pad LOP TPJBs. Furthermore, we do not recommend any TPJB design efforts of either increasing a pad offset from 0.5 or a pad preload from 0 for the HPT in a standpoint of stability.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 무등산국립공원 입석대 주상절리대의 거동을 예측하고 안정성을 파악하기 위하여 수치해석을 실시하였다. 수치해석은 불연속체 해석이 가능한 개별요소법 기반인 3DEC을 사용하였다. 수치해석 시 사용한 지반 물성의 결과 평균 밀도는 2.68 kN/m³ 평균 수직강성은 3.15 GPa/m, 평균 전단강성은 1.00 GPa/m, 평균 점착력은 0.51 MPa, 평균 마찰각은 33°으로 나타났다. 입석대 주상절리대 전망대와 등산로 사이 15개의 입석대 주상절리대에 대하여 현장조사 결과를 바탕으로 모델링을 실시하였다. 수치해석 시 주상절리 윗면과 밑면의 모서리의 변위를 분석하여 각 주상절리의 거동을 분석하였고, 최대 변위는 6번 주상절리에서 약 0.67 mm로 가장 크게 나타났고, 최소 변위는 11번 주상절리에서 0.21 mm로 가장 크게 나타났다. 수치해석 결과 최소변위가 가장 크게 발생한 11번 주상절리 내부의 분리면 5개 거동을 분석한 결과 2층에서 가장 큰 변위가 발생하였고, 그 다음으로 5층, 4층, 1층, 그리고 3층 순으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 입석대 주상절리 15개에서 발생한 변위의 총량을 고려하면 안정한 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 무등산국립공원의 문화적, 역사적 가치를 고려해볼 때 사면전체 안정성 뿐만 아니라 입석대 주상절리 개별 블록에 대한 모니터링도 실시하여 현재의 안정성을 유지해야할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.866-872
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• 2024

Design Extension Conditions (DEC)-A assessments of the operating nuclear power plants are generally considered for the purpose of getting additional safety demonstrations of their capability to undergo conditions that are generally more severe than DBAs by features implemented in the design and accident management measures. The pursued methodology is generally based upon Best Estimate approaches aiming at verifying that the safety limits in terms of integrity of the barriers against eventual large or early releases of radioactive material are fulfilled. These aspects are nowadays being experimentally and analytically addressed within the OECD/NEA experimental projects like the ATLAS and PKL series where a set of DEC-A experiments are considered. In this paper, experiments related to SBLOCA at the vessel upper head of the pressurized vessel of ATLAS and PKL are analytically assessed using the CATHARE code. These experiments includes issues related to common cause failure of the safety injection system and operator actions for preventing core excessive overheating. It is shown that, on the one hand, the safety features embedded in the design together with the operator actions are capable to prevent the progression towards a severe accident state and on the other hand, the code prediction capabilities for such scenario are generally good but still to be enhanced.