Journal of the Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Measurement and Prediction of Combustion Characteristics of DEC(Diethyl Carbonate) + DMMP(Dimethyl Methylphosphonate) for Secondary Battery Solutions

2차전지 용액인 DEC(Diethyl Carbonate) + DMMP(Dimethyl Methylphosphonate)계의 연소특성치 측정 및 예측

  • Y. S. Jang (Department of Fire Disaster Prevention Engineering, Graduate School, Semyung University) ;
  • Y. R. Jang (Department of Fire Disaster Prevention Engineering, Graduate School, Semyung University) ;
  • J. J. Choi (Department of Fire Disaster Prevention Engineering, Graduate School, Semyung University) ;
  • D. J. Jeon (Department of Fire Disaster Prevention Engineering, Graduate School, Semyung University) ;
  • Y. G. Kim (Department of Health and Safety, Semyung University) ;
  • D. M. Ha (Department of Health and Safety, Semyung University)
  • 장유선 (세명대학교 소방방재공학과) ;
  • 장유리 (세명대학교 소방방재공학과) ;
  • 최재준 (세명대학교 소방방재공학과) ;
  • 전덕재 (세명대학교 소방방재공학과) ;
  • 김용구 (세명대학교 보건안전학과) ;
  • 하동명 (세명대학교 보건안전학과)
  • Received : 2023.07.12
  • Accepted : 2023.09.05
  • Published : 2023.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Lithium ions can induce the thermal runaway phenomenon and lead to reignition due to electrical, mechanical, and environmental factors such as high temperature, smoke generation, explosions, or flames, which is extremely likely to create safety concerns. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the flame retardancy of the electrolyte is to use a flame-retardant additive. Comparing the associated characteristic value of existing substances with the required experimental value, it was found that these values were either considerably different or were not documented. It is vital to know a substance's combustion characteristic values, flash point, explosion limit, and autoignition temperature (AIT) as well as its combustion characteristics before using it. In this research, the flash point and AIT of materials were measured by mixing a highly volatile and flammable substance, diethyl carbonate (DEC), with flame-retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The flash point of DEC, which is a pure substance, was 29℃, and that for DMMP was 65℃. Further, the lower explosion limit calculated using the measured flash point of DEC was 1.79 Vol.%, while that for DMMP was 0.79 Vol.%. The AIT was 410℃ and 390℃ for DEC and DMMP, respectively. In particular, since the AIT of DMMP has not been discussed in any previous study, it is necessary to ensure safety through experimental values. In this study, the experimental and regression analysis revealed that the average absolute deviation (ADD) for the flash point of the DEC+DMMP DEC+DMMP system is 0.58 sec and that the flash point tends to increase according to changes in the composition employed. It also revealed that the AAD for the AIT of the mixture was 3.17 sec and that the AIT tended to decrease and then increase based on changes in the composition.

Keywords

References

  1. H. J. Ko and E. J. Lee, "Combustion Characteristics of Ionized Fuels for Battery System Safety", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 22-27, 2018.
  2. N. S. Choi, E. H. Che, S. S. Kim, S. Narukawa and S. C. Shin, "Design of Non-Flammable Electrolytes for Highly Safe Lithium-Ion Battery", Korean Electrochem, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 203-218, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5229/JKES.2009.12.3.203
  3. H. S. Lee, S. H. Hong, J. H. Lee and M. W. Park, "Analysis of Effect of Surface Temperature Rise Rate of 72.5 Ah NCM Pouch-type Lithium-ion Battery on Thermal Runaway Trigger Time", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 1-9, 2021.
  4. B. M. Jeong, M. G. Yoon and J. Lee, "A Study on the Hazard Categorization and Loss Prevention Standards of Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing Occupancies", Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 249-256, 2019. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2019.19.1.249
  5. N. S. Choi and D. W. Kim. "Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte for Lithium Secondary Battery", NICE (News & Information for Chemical Engineers), Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 142-152, 2010.
  6. S. Hess, M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens and M. Wachtler, "Flammability of Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes: Flash Point and Self-Extinguishing Time Measurements", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, No. 2, pp. 3084-3097, 2015.
  7. Benchchem, "https://www.benchchem.com/"
  8. KOSHA, "https://msds.kosha.or.kr/Diethyl carbonate/"
  9. SINOTECH, "http://www.hasinotech.com/kr/"
  10. KOSHA, "https://msds.kosha.or.kr/Dimethylmethylphosphonate/"
  11. V. Babrauskas, "Ignition Handbook", Fire Science Publishers, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 2003.
  12. R. E. Lenga and K. L. Votoupal, "The Sigma Aldrich Library of Regulatory and Safety Data, Volume I - III", Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company Inc, 1993.
  13. NFPA, "Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquid, Gases, and Volatile Solids", NFPA 325M, National Fire Protection Association, 1991.
  14. Alfa Aesar, "https://assets.thermofisher.com/Diethyl carbonate/"
  15. Alfa Aesar, "https://assets.thermofisher.com/Dimethylmethylphosphonate/"
  16. Acros Organics, "https://assets.thermofisher.com/Diethylcarbonate/"
  17. F. Guo, "Flammability Study on Electrolyte Components in Lithium-ion Batteries Using A Wick Combustion Method", Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Space Engineering, 2019.
  18. Pubchem, "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/"
  19. Fluka Chemie AG, Catalog, CH-9470, Bucks/Switzerland, 1986-87.
  20. E. W. Flick, "Industrial Solvents Handbook", 3rd Ed., Noyes Data Corp, Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1985.
  21. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, 1978.
  22. L. Chen, H. Wu, X. Ai, Y. Cao and Z. Chen, "Toward Wide-Temperature Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries", Battery Energy, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-24, 2022.
  23. K. C. Moller, T. Hodal, W. K. Appel, M. Winter and J. O. Besenhard, "Fluorinated Organic Solvents in Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Cells", J. Power Sources, Vol. 97, pp. 595-597, 2001.
  24. Acros Organics, "https://assets.thermofisher.com/ DimethylMethylphosphonate"
  25. FISHER SCIENTIFIC, "https://www.fishersci.co.uk/"
  26. Pubchem, "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/"
  27. National Institutes of Health, "Toxicology and Studies of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate", 1987.
  28. D. M. Ha, "A Study of the Evaluation of Combustion Properties of Tetralin", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 8-14, 2018.
  29. D. M. Ha, "Measurement and Prediction of Fire and Explosion Characteristics of n-Butylacetate", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 25-31, 2017.
  30. J. Gmehing, U. Onken and W. Arlt, "Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection", DECHEMA, 1980.
  31. H. J. Ma, J. H. Kim, S. J. Lee and C. H. Kim, "A Study on Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Using Arrhenius Equation", KIEE, Vol. 2013, No. 10, pp. 208-210, 2013.
  32. D. M. Ha, "The Measurement and Prediction of the Combustible Properties of Propionic Anhydride", J. of the Korean Institute of Gas, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 66-72, 2016.
  33. N. N. Semenov, "Some Problems in Chemical Kinetics and Reactivity", Princeton University Press, Vol. 2, 1959.