• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a method of producing a stereoscopic image from multiple images captured from a monoscopic camera. By translating a camera in the horizontal direction, left and right images are chosen among N captured images. For this, image edges are extracted and a rotational angle is estimated from edge orientation. Also, a translational vector is also estimated from the correlation of projected image data. Then, two optimal images are chosen and subsequently compensated using the rotational angle as well as the translational vector in order to make a satisfactory stereoscopic image. The proposed method was performed on thirty-two test image set. The subjective visual fatigue test was carried out to validate the 3D quality of stereoscopic images. In terms of visual fatigue, the 3D satisfaction ratio reached approximately 84%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

Depth understanding is important for stereoscopic and various methods including space design and cognitive science should be taken account in contents production. Among them, human scientific engineering such as human factor needs to be touched. More specifically, when the stereoscopic designer determines a binocular disparity, the viewpoint of the camera has to be matched with that of the audience. In this process, the structural problem by the distortion due to the dichoptic error is happened, Therefore, 3D sweetening process based on geometric re-analysis and human scientific engineering to minimize the visual fatigue is significant. This paper analyzes the inconsistency problems of the viewpoint in stereoscopic images, and we produce the stereoscopic image contents based on human factors.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1362-1368
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• 2020

Purpose. In this study, The change of the accommodation function due to the use of a smartphone was objectively evaluated using an Auto Refractokeratometer and was to investigate the effect of accommodation response and microfluctuations of accommodation on stable fatigue. Methods. Twenty subjects (20 males, 20 females) who had no abnormalities in ophthalmic disease and strabismus, diplopia, suppression, convergence and ocular movement, and corrected visual acuity and unaided visual acuity of 0.8 or more were performed. The average age of the participants is (21.78 ± 1.78) years old. The refractive power of the eye was measured using an Auto Refractokeratometer (Speedy-i K-model, Righton Mfg Co. Tokyo Japan), and the equivalent spherical power was automatically calculated from the measured refractive power. The accommodation response amount was calculated for the accommodation stimulation amount in 8 steps in 0.5D increments from + 0.50D to -3.00D in the calculated equivalent spherical power. The microfluctuations of accommodation in the high frequency region was calculated according to the change in the amount of the accommodation stimulus. At this time, the spectral power of the microfluctuations of accommodation was analyzed by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). Results. After using the smartphone, it was found that the accommodation response to accommodation stimulation decreased and the microfluctuations of accommodation increased. Conclusions. It can be said that the use of a smartphone affects the accommodation response and the microfluctuations of accommodation, thereby causing a accommodative stable fatigue. Therefore, it is thought that the use of a smartphone for a long time may bring about a change in the accommodation function.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.706-716
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• 2016

Each year, significant amounts of Stereoscopic 3D(S3D) contents have been introduced. However, viewers who enjoy the contents readily experience a sense of fatigue on account of various factors. Consequently, many improvement studies have been conducted with the domain of disparity by, for example, simply controlling the disparity or optimizing the reaction speed of viewers' eyes to vergence. However, such studies are limited to the disparity domain and therefore are restricted to a limited number of applications. In this study, we attempted to transcend this limitation and analyzed how a reconstruction in color and brightness, as well as disparity and other important features, affects eyes in terms of vergence adaptation. As a result, we found that, the higher the color similarity is, the better it positively affects vergence adaptation during viewing. Based on this analysis, we propose in this paper a similar color extraction method between takes that are applicable to real-life situations. In an evaluation, the algorithm was applied to publicly available S3D contents and produced a converted color optimized image. The vergence adaptation time of this applied contents was significantly decreased. Also it was minimized through color reconstruction, thereby, being resulted in enhancing viewer concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate drivers' postures in different car pedal systems and skilled levels under fatigue. Twenty four subjects participated in this experiment. For three-dimensional analyses, six cameras (Proreflex MCU-240, Qualisys) were used to acquire raw data. The parameters were calculated and analyzed with Visual-3D. In conclusion, ROAs of two leg-pedal system were less than one leg pedal system by pattern analysis. Through statistical tests, skilled levels have effects on ROAs(X, Y, Z) of ankle joint at breaking a pedal and ROAs(Y, Z) of ankle joint at accelerating a pedal. Also, car pedal systems have effects on ROAs(Y, Z) of ankle joint, and ROA(Z) of knee joint at accelerating a pedal. In addition, skilled levels and car pedal systems (cross effects) have an effect on ROA(Z) of ankle joint. These findings suggested that we should improve a present single pedal system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2015.01a
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• pp.197-199
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• 2015

3D 입체영상 촬영에서는 기존의 2D 영상과 다르게 깊이영역에 대한 시청자의 시각 피로에 주의해야 한다. 입체영상 촬영단계에서 시청자의 불편함을 최소화하기 위해 제작자들은 2D 촬영 방식과는 다르게 안정적인 카메라 촬영기법만을 사용한다. 본 연구는 입체영상 제작자들이 안전하게 다양한 촬영기법을 활용할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있는 가이드라인 제작을 위해 시작되었으며, 그 결과의 일부로 본 논문에서는 촬영기법 중 달리샷에 대한 시각 피로도를 보여주고자 한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.368-378
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• 2015

3D conversion technology has been studied over past decades and integrated to commercial 3D displays and 3DTVs. The 3D conversion plays an important role in the augmented functionality of three-dimensional television (3DTV), because it can easily provide 3D contents. Generally, depth cues extracted from a static image is used for generating a depth map followed by DIBR (Depth Image Based Rendering) rendering for producing a stereoscopic image. However except some particular images, the existence of depth cues is rare so that the consistent quality of a depth map cannot be accordingly guaranteed. Therefore, it is imperative to make a 3D conversion method that produces satisfactory and consistent 3D for diverse video contents. From this viewpoint, this paper proposes a novel method with applicability to general types of image. For this, saliency as well as edge is utilized. To generate a depth map, geometric perspective, affinity model and binomic filter are used. In the experiments, the proposed method was performed on 24 video clips with a variety of contents. From a subjective test for 3D perception and visual fatigue, satisfactory and comfortable viewing of 3D contents was validated.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.401-410
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• 2013

A big success of the 3D film 'Avatar' in 2009 opened a full-fledged 3D movie era. A new industrial possibility of 3D contents was predicted in Korea and then the support for 3D contents production took placed via various media platforms. Korean government also announced the new development policies with a focus on 3D content. However, the 3D content industry has not been activated. Therefore, in this study by applying AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method we tried to grasp the reason of the deactivation of 3D content industry through analyzing the relative importance rate of three research factors(content aspects, technical aspects, and policy aspects) that were mainly considered to activate the industry. The results of this study showed that the relative importance rate of content aspects was higher than that of technical aspects and policy aspects. It means the lack of 3D contents is one of main reason causing the delay of 3D industrial activation. And it also showed that the relief of human factors such as visual fatigue evaluated as a sub-factors of technical aspects are challenges to be solved soon..

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2012

Although 3D stereoscopic movies had been paid attention to a few times since the 1900's, the interest had not been last. Most researchers pointed out the reason came from human factors because the early in the 3D technology growth had to develop technological possibility to realize 3D videos and ignore the importance viewers' perspective. In the 2D video research, many studies have explored the factors which make people got immersed or involved and felt visual fatigue, but they have not been the main issues in the 3D research until now. The present research believes human factor issue is one of the most important parts to accelerate 3D industry and thus, we try to make reliable and valid assessments to evaluate 3D video which are perceived characteristics, impression, and presence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.106-117
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect 3D stereoscopic movie audiences' satisfaction in Korea, and to provide strategic solutions to improve audiences' satisfaction. According to study about movie audiences' satisfaction, factors that affect movie audiences' satisfaction are separated to movie internal factors, movie environmental factors and movie audience factors. And leverage of movie internal factors is bigger than either. But 3D stereoscopic movie is different from ordinary movie in shooting, screening, seeing and recognizing method. So it is expected that movie environmental factors and audience factors' influence is bigger than internal factors. So this study carried out a survey targeting 3D stereoscopic audiences. Main result of this study are shown as follows. First, the method to reduce visual fatigue is necessary for satisfaction. Second, it is required that improvement method of seat arrangement to provide high quality 3D stereoscopic contents. Third, level of 3D stereoscopic movies' price need to adjust to valid level.