• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.415-416
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• 2007

HRTF DB, including the information of the sounds which is arrived to our ears, is generally used to make a 3D sound. But it can decline some three-dimensional effects by the confusion between front and back directions due to the non-individual HRTF depending on each listener. In this paper, we propose a new method to use psychoacoustic theory that reduces the confusion of sound image localization. And we make use of an excitation energy by the sense of hearing. This method is brought HRTF spectrum characteristics into relief to draw out the energy ratio about the bark band and control low frequency band. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves the front-back sound localization characteristics much better than the conventional methods.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.56-62
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• 1995

Recently, the traffic noise around residences and schools has become a serious social problem with the increase of the amount of transportation. This study was performed to investigate the sound proof efficiency of windows for traffic noise. The results were as follows 1) The traffic noise in 19 sites among 22 sampling sites was higher value than 65 dB(A) being roadside environment standard level in the daytime when all windows were opened, while the noise in 22 sampling sites was transmitted below standard level when all windows were closed. 2) The transmission loss of sound level at single window and double windows were 10~25 dB(A) and 11~29 dB(A) respectively. 3) The transmission loss of sound level at sampled school with sound proof pannel was 7~8 dB (A), which was lower 2~7 dB(A) than the theoretical value of the influence assessment . 4) The construction cost of double windows was lower 28% even if include the cost of setting up air conditioner for the summer season and the power consuming cost for its operation than that of sound proof pannel for traffic noise. 5) The effect of transmission loss of windows was more influenced by airtight than materials of windows.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 5.1채널 입체음향 오디오 신호를 2채널의 헤드폰으로 재생하기 위한 HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function) 기반의 입체음향 생성 시스템에 대하여 다룬다. 각 채널의 모노 입력신호는 HRTF를 이용한 바이노럴(binaural) 필터링을 통해 가상적으로 음상정위되며, 입체감과 공간감을 증가시키기 위해 잔향효과가 추가된다. 연산량 감소를 위해 음상정위 성능을 저하시키지 않는 범위에서 HRTF의 임펄스 응답 탭 수를 줄였으며, 잔향효과를 위한 음장제어부에서는 초기반사열중 주요한 성분만을 지연기로 모델링하였다. 또한 비개인화된 HRTF DB에 의란 앞/뒤 혼돈 문제를 줄이기 위하여 앞/뒤 스펙트럼의 차를 가중치로 하여 HRTF 스펙트럼을 강조하는 방법을 적용하였다. 구현한 시스템의 성능 평가 결과, 단순한 스테레오 방법이나 2채널 Down Mixing 방식에 비해 현실감 있고 방향성 있는 입체음향을 느낄 수가 있었다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2018

의료수준의 향상과 더불어 환자들의 첨단의료장비에 대한 기대수준이 증가하고 있으며 특히 자기공명영상(Magnetic Resonance Image : MRI)은 현재 모든 임상 분야에서 가장 핵심적인 영상진단 도구로서 사용되고 있다. 그러나 검사 중에 발생하는 심각한 소음으로 많은 환자가 심리적인 불안을 경험한다고 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자기공명영상검사실의 기존 헤드셋 흡음재에서 차음재를 추가한 헤드셋의 소음저감평가와 차음재별 영상 아티팩트(artifact) 유무를 알아보고자 하였다. 3D 프린팅한 헤드셋 내부에 흡음재(스펀지)와 차음재(아크릴판, 구리판, 3D copper plate)를 교차 배열하여 MRI 검사소음을 녹음하여 스피커로 같은 dB 값의 소음을 발생시키며 3D 프린팅 된 두부모형의 내부에 소음측정기로 dB 값을 측정하여 정량분석을 하며 자체 제작한 헤드셋을 물팬텀에 밀착시킨 후 MRI영상 아티팩트 유무를 검사한다. 드셋의 정량평가를 한 결과, 헤드셋 평균 dB 값은 81.8 dB로 나타났으며, 차음재를 추가한 헤드셋에서 가장 방음효과가 뛰어난 재료조합(구리, 아크릴판, 스펀지, 스펀지) 헤드셋의 평균 dB 값은 70.4 dB 값이 측정되었지만 MRI 시뮬레이션 결과 구리가 반자성체이기 때문에 아티팩트가 나타나 배제하였고 두 번째로 방음효과가 뛰어난 (스펀지, 아크릴판, e-copper plate, 스펀지) 헤드셋의 평균 dB 값은 70.6 dB 값이 측정되었고 MRI 시뮬레이션 결과 인공물 나타나지 않았다. 구리분말이 약 40%가 포함된 e-copper PLA로 출력한 재료를 동일하게 시뮬레이션을 한 결과 인공물 나타나지 않았으므로 3D 프린팅 재료의 사용이 적합하였고 구리보다 경제성이 우수하며 가공이 용이하므로 적합한 재료로 선정하였다. MRI관련 연구에 있어 3D 프린팅을 이용한 상호발전이 매우 기대된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5936-5954
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• 2018

Eight out of the top ten the largest technology companies in the world are involved in some way with the coming mobile VR revolution since Facebook acquired Oculus. This trend has allowed the technology related with mobile VR to achieve remarkable growth in both academic and industry. Therefore, the importance of reproducing the acoustic expression for users to experience more realistic is increasing because auditory cues can enhance the perception of the complicated surrounding environment without the visual system in VR. This paper presents a audio downmixing system for auralization based on hardware, a stage of sound rendering pipelines that can reproduce realiy-like sound but requires high computation costs. The proposed system is verified through an FPGA platform with the special focus on hardware architectural designs for low power and real-time. The results show that the proposed system on an FPGA can downmix maximum 5 sources in real-time rate (52 FPS), with 382 mW low power consumptions. Furthermore, the generated 3D sound with the proposed system was verified with satisfactory results of sound quality via the user evaluation.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.340-351
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 입체음향효과의 향상을 위한 스테레오-10.2채널의 블라인드 업믹스 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 최근에, 소비자들은 더 나은 입체음향효과나 3D 사운드를 즐기길 원하고 다양한 멀티채널 포맷의 등장으로 업믹스 알고리즘들이 연구 되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 업믹스 알고리즘들은 공간정보를 왜곡하는 문제점을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기위해 전 후방 채널에 대한 이득 조절 및 10.2 채널의 각 채널별 믹싱 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 상용화된 멀티채널 업믹스 알고리즘들과의 주관적 평가 실험결과 제안한 알고리즘은 입력신호의 공간정보를 유지하면서 입체음향효과를 향상시킨 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2016

본 연구는 선음원과 점음원의 이론에 근거하여 개발된 혼타입 스피커와 라인어레이 타입 스피커에 대해 비교분석하여 실제에서 이론대로 적용되는지에 대해 연구하였다. 이론적으로 점음원은 거리가 2배 됨에 따라 6dB 감쇄하며, 선음원은 거리가 2배 됨에 따라 3dB 감쇄한다. 선음원 이론에 근거하여 개발된 라인어레이 스피커 시스템이 선음원의 이론대로 작은 음압감쇄가 일어나는지에 대하여 분석하여 사용 목적과 환경에 따른 올바른 스피커의 배열 구성이 선택되도록 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위해 점음원과 선음원의 이론을 분석하였으며, 이론을 바탕으로 설계된 혼타입 스피커와 라인어레이 스피커를 시뮬레이션으로 파라메터 값들을 분석하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

The 1st assessment (performance test) was applied to assure the floor impact sound performance for developing the dry double- floor with the change of rubber hardness of the upper panel's support and the ceiling structure of the sub-floor. Depends on the change of the rubber hardness in substructure, the heavy-weight sound impact value is improved up to 3 dB, and the light-weight sound impact value is moved up to 21 dB, comparing with the bare-slab. Also, the improved value for the floor impact sound conjugating with the sub-floor's ceiling was 5dB. Based on this result, the 2nd assessment (performance test) was made the state that the rubber hardness of the sub-floor support was ranged between 50 and 70 for considering the stability of walking patients. In addition to this process, the assessment was carried out with a variety of ceiling structure applied to the dry doublefloor structure with the air flow system on the sub-floor's ceiling. The result for the 2nd assessment proved that TYPE-11 had the better sound reduction performance in the heavy-weight impact sound test than other types, and also for the light-weight impact sound TYPE-11 had the 29 dB sound reduction performance overall. Henceforth, based on the result the research for the sound reduction performance from the floor impact sound shall be ongoing process as well as the development of a double-dry floor and a sound reduction ceiling to suitable on the field.

• 소음진동
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 1996

For a rail traffic noise, a typical source has a length of 200m - 400m so that the noise pollution areas have been located in the transition regions where the sound level drops between 3dB/dd and 6dB/dd. Therefore, in this region, parameters such as a horizontal distance from the track, the geometry of the ground surface, the environmental effect, and the boundary impedance condition play import roles, especially in our nation's situation. In this study, modelling techniques for the finite length of noise source have been investigated in order to evaluate the rail traffic noise level. Then. noise correction value .${\Delta}$SPL for various location in the track region is represented by the non-dimensionalized horizontal and parallel distance from the track. As an application, a high speed train is examined. Beas on the noise data measured for a Eurostar in France, the sound power value per unit length $H_1$is calcuated. It turns out that$H_1$is 109 dB. Overall sound power from the highspeed train to be serviced in our country is expected to 135 dBA.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 1991

The present study determined the overall noise level and the distribution of sound pressure level over audible frequency range of noise produced at various work sites. Work-related noise greater than 80dBA produced from 98 separate work sites at 37 manufacturing companies and machine shops were analysed for the overall sound level (dBA) and frequency distribution. In addition, to determine the possible hearing loss related to work site noise, a hearing test was also conducted on 1,374 workers in these work sites. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. Of the total 98 work sites, 57 work sites(58.2%) produced noise exceeding threshold limit value (${\geq}90dBA$) set by the Ministry 01 Labor. In terms of different manufacturing industries the proportion of work sites which exceeded 90dBA was the highest for the cut-stone products industry with 6/6 work sites and lowest for the commercial printing industry with 1/13 work sites. 2. The percentage of workers who were exposed to noise greater than 90dBA was 19.8% (1,040 workers) 01 the total 5,261 workers. In terms of different industries, cut-stone products industry had the most workers exposed to noise exceeding 90dBA with 82.8%, textile bleaching and dyeing industry was next at 30.6% followed by fabricated metal products industry with 27.9%, plastic products manufacturing industry had the lowest percentage of workers exposed to 90dBA exceeding noise with 4.5%. 3. There was a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of noise-induced hearing loss and the percentage of workers exposed to noise exceeding 90dBA (P<0.05). 4. The frequency analysis of noise produced at the 98 work sites revealed that 44 work sites (44.9%) had the maximum sound pressure level at high-frequencies greater than 2KHz. In addition, significantly higher sound pressure level was detected at the high-frequencies at 90dBA exceeding work sites as compared to below 90dBA work sites (P<0.01). 5. The differences in sound level meter's A-and C-weighted sound pressure levels were analysed by frequencies. Of the 28 work sites which showed 0-1 dB difference in the two weighted sound levels, 20 work sites (71.4%) had significantly higher sound pressure levels at high-frequencies greater than 2KHz (P<0.01). Furthermore, there was a tendency for higher sound pressure levels to occur in the high-frequency range as the differences in the two weighted sound levels decreased.