• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.5 s.164
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• pp.692-704
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• 2007

Recently, Basic patterns with excellent body fitness and automation availability are required to be developed in order to automate the patterns of women's clothes. In this study, this reference points, reference lines and segments were fixed onto 3D scan data for the lower body the women in their twenties, they were directly spread out to be 2D flat pattern to facilitate development into the design of slacks adhered closely to the human body such as special and highly-functional clothes, and then slacks 2D pattern was developed for the purpose of seeking scientific approach to the development into basic form slacks and 3d emotional pattern. For conversion of 3D pattern into 2D flat pattern, reference points and segments were created by using Rapid Form of 3D shape analysis software, and triangle mesh of the body surface of the created shape was developed with Auto CAD 2005. The correspondence between slacks and human body was examined by the fixation of major reference lines. Specially, the wearing characteristics of slacks were considered by the fixation of side lines in consideration of posture. As a result of using the way of development to constantly maintain the length while 3D triangle mesh is converted into 2D flat mesh, the shape was shown to be excellently reproduced, and the area of flat pattern was increased compared to the shape of parting plane. Also, the sunk-in curve like the brief line of front crotch length needed a cutting line when it was closely adhered, when mesh was overlapped, and the pattern area was smaller compared to the actual shape.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2015

In this study, we have developed the ergonomic pattern from the 3D human body reflecting cycling posture and extensibility of the stretch fabrics. Adjusting pressure level in the construction of athlete's tight-fitting stretch garments by reducing the original pattern is a challenging subject, which influence on the performance of the wearer directly. Therefore, in this study, relationships between the reduction rates of the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D human scan and resultant clothing pressure were explored to improve the fit and pressure exerted by reduced clothing pattern. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using a seven-point Likert scale on two consecutive days. While wearing the garments, subjects were asked to take five different postures including waist flexion, sitting and others. A Likert-type scale was used for the evaluation, with 7 points indicating the best fit in tight-fitting pants. Comparing 2/3T-pattern with T-pattern, the latter was superior to 2/3T-pattern in terms of adhere well to the waist and hip area in the 0.032 significance level. T-pattern was superior to 2/3T-pattern in terms of fitting and wear comfort. As results, the pattern obtained from the flexed body reflecting cycling posture already included the contraction and extension of the skin while cycling posture, so that the extra ease for movement and good fit was not need to be considered. The optimized reduction rates were determined with the proposed reduction rate, the resultant pressure range was within the range of $0.5{\sim}3.0gf/cm^2$ at eight locations on the body except front waist band and thigh band.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.11 no.2 s.33
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• pp.56-61
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• 2006

As the size and dimension of target problems in the field of computational engineering including CFD gets bigger and higher, it is needed to have more efficient and flexible data visualization environment in terms of software and hardware. Even though it is still manageable to use a mouse in controlling 3-dimensional data visualization, it would be beneficial to use 3-D input device for 3-D visualization. 'Data Glove' is one of the best 3-D input devices, because human hands are best tools for understanding 3-D space and manipulating 3-D objects. Signals coming from 'Data Glove' are analog and very sensitive to finger motions, therefore signal filtering using a digital filter is applied. This paper describes our experience and benefits of using data gloves in controlling 3-dimensional postprocessing softwares.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.929-944
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• 2019

Many critical applications require accurate real-time human action recognition. However, there are many hurdles associated with capturing and pre-processing image data, calculating features, and classification because they consume significant resources for both storage and computation. To circumvent these hurdles, this paper presents a recognition machine learning (ML) based system model which uses reduced data structure features by projecting real 3D skeleton modality on virtual 2D space. The MMU VAAC dataset is used to test the proposed ML model. The results show a high accuracy rate of 97.88% which is only slightly lower than the accuracy when using the original 3D modality-based features but with a 75% reduction ratio from using RGB modality. These results motivate implementing the proposed recognition model on an embedded system platform in the future.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.791-795
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• 2009

There is a need for a system independent human data format that doesn't depend on a specific graphics tool or program to use interoperable human data in a network environment. To achieve this, the Web3D Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC1 WG6 developed the international draft standard ISO/IEC 19774 Humanoid Animation(H-Anim). H-Anim defines the data structure for an articulated human figure, but it does not yet define the data for human motion generation. This paper discusses a method of obtaining compatibility and independence of motion data between application programs, and describes a method of simplifying motion retargetting necessary for motion definition of H-Anim characters. In addition, it describes a method of generating H-Anim character animation using arbitrary 3D character models and arbitrary motion capture data without any inter-relations, and its implementation results.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.48-56
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• 2023

The technology of Three-dimensional human posture estimation is used in sports, motion recognition, and special effects of video media. Among various methods for this, multi-view 3D human pose estimation is essential for precise estimation even in complex real-world environments. But Existing models for multi-view 3D human posture estimation have the disadvantage of high order of time complexity as they use 3D feature maps. This paper proposes a method to extend an existing monocular viewpoint multi-frame model based on Transformer with lower time complexity to 3D human posture estimation for multi-viewpoints. To expand to multi-viewpoints our proposed method first generates an 8-dimensional joint coordinate that connects 2-dimensional joint coordinates for 17 joints at 4-vieiwpoints acquired using the 2-dimensional human posture detector, CPN(Cascaded Pyramid Network). This paper then converts them into 17×32 data with patch embedding, and enters the data into a transformer model, finally. Consequently, the MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron) block that outputs the 3D-human posture simultaneously updates the 3D human posture estimation for 4-viewpoints at every iteration. Compared to Zheng[5]'s method the number of model parameters of the proposed method was 48.9%, MPJPE(Mean Per Joint Position Error) was reduced by 20.6 mm (43.8%) and the average learning time per epoch was more than 20 times faster.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1536-1543
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• 2004

Garment is made by a 2D pattern and should be fitted to a human body which has 3D characteristics. Therefore, to design a pattern more effectively, the use of 3D information of a human body and the investigation of relationship between the 3D garment and 2D pattern are necessary. In this work, ruled surface method was used to reflect the 3D information of a human body for a pattern design. The images of the brassiere line on the woman's dress form were captured by phase-shifting projection moire system and the 3D information on the design line was obtained. 2D patterns on the various parts of the brassiere were developed directly from the 3D data by the ruled surface method. In addition, design line, the area and the amount of dart were quantified. And then we verify the appropriateness of the ruled surface method to the 2D pattern development by measuring the distribution of the space between women's figure and segmented clothing item. It was found that the ruled surface method is useful to transform the 3D design line to the 2D pattern, if we followed the steps suggested in this paper.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.600-613
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide Torso pattern for Korean middle-aged women using 3D human body scan data. 155 women in their 40's or 50's were measured by Martin's anthropometry. Merging the data of 914 middle aged women provided by Korean agency for technology and standards, total of 1,069 subjects' data were analyzed. For data analysis, ANOVA, factor analysis and cluster analysis were done using SPSS PC+. And representative subject of each cluster was selected and they participated in 3D scanning and Torso pattern suggested for middle-aged women Torso pattern which investing the amount of ease according to each group for diffuse front interscye 30%, armscye circumference 30%, back interscye 40% using 3D human body scan data. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, as a result of the factor analysis, the first factor was 'obesity index of body', The second factor was 'verticality size of body', The third factor was 'verticality length of upper bodice', The fourth factor was 'drop value to represent silhouette', and the fifth factor was 'physique of upper bodice'. And, middle-aged women type were classified 3 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1(Y-type) was the long upper Torso with wide shoulder. Type 2(H-type) was flat-body type with comparatively thin upper bodice and thin lower bodice. And type 3(A-type) was the obese type with comparatively thin upper bodice and fat lower bodice. Secondly, using CAD program, point filtering was performed and approximated surface model was made. It used that generated surface smoothing corrected for abnormally extruded points and scattered points based on the curvature information. And 3D surfaces were flatted onto the plane by the internal tools of CAD program. Difference ratios of outline length and area between 3D curves and 2D plane were 0.42% and 0.54%, respectively. Third, wearing test by the sensory evaluation showed that distinct difference almost every category. The movement functionality test shows that, in all the tests which reveal significant differences, especially, 'comparison pattern A' experienced inconvenience to neck width and neck depth.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

Dosimetry of radiating electromagnetic wave from mobile devices to human body has been evaluated by measuring Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Usual SAR measurement system scans the volume by robot arm to evaluate RF power absorption to human body from wireless devices. It is possible to fast estimate the volume SAR by software deleting robot moving time with the 2D surface SAR data acquired by arrayed probes. This paper shows the principle of fast SAR measurement and the measured data comparison between the fast SAR system and the robot scanning system. Data of the fast SAR is well corresponding with data of robot scanning SAR within ${\pm}3$ dB, and its dynamic range covers from 10 mW/kg to 30 W/kg with 4.8 mm probe diameter.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.949-959
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• 2013

Since the recent launch of Microsoft Xbox Kinect, research on 3D human pose estimation has attracted a lot of attention in the computer vision community. Kinect shows impressive estimation accuracy and real-time performance on massive graphics processing unit hardware. In this paper, we focus on further reducing the computation complexity of the existing state-of-the-art method to make the real-time 3D human pose estimation functionality applicable to devices with lower computing power. As a result, we propose two simple approaches to speed up the random-forest-based human pose estimation method. In the original algorithm, the random forest classifier is applied to all pixels of the segmented human depth image. We first use a multi-scale approach to reduce the number of such calculations. Second, the complexity of the random forest classification itself is decreased by the proposed cascade approach. Experiment results for real data show that our method is effective and works in real time (30 fps) without any parallelization efforts.