• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.82.3-83
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• 2017

We investigate the relationships between the peak fluxes of 18 solar energetic particle (SEP) events and associated coronal mass ejection (CME) 3D parameters (speed, angular width, and separation angle) obtained from SOHO, STEREO-A and/or B for the period from 2010 August to 2013 June. We apply the STEREO CME Analysis Tool (StereoCAT) to the SEP-associated CMEs to obtain 3D speeds and 3D angular widths. The separation angles are determined as the longitudinal angle between flaring regions and magnetic footpoints of the spacecraft, which are calculated by the assumption of Parker spiral field. The main results are as follows. 1) We find that the dependence of the SEP peak fluxes on CME 3D speed from multi-spacecraft is similar to that on 2D CME speed. 2) There is a positive correlation between SEP peak flux and 3D angular width from multi-spacecraft, which is much more evident than the relationship between SEP peak flux and 2D angular width. 3) There is a noticeable anti-correlation (r=-0.62) between SEP peak flux and separation angle. 4) The multiple regression method between SEP peak fluxes and CME parameters shows that the longitudinal separation angle is the most important parameter, and the CME 3D speed is secondary on SEP peak flux.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2016

Purpose: Vitamin D status is associated with several chronic diseases related to obesity. In this study, we evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D and its relation to obesity indices in Korean women. Methods: A total of 156 healthy women participated. Vitamin D status (serum $25-OH-vitamin\;D_3$ level) and obesity indices (body mass index, body fat mass, waisthip ratio, and body fat percentage etc.) and serum lipid profiles and serum adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) levels were analyzed. Results: The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed an extremely skewed distribution from 4.1 ng/ml to 24.4 ng/ml and mean $25(OH)D_3$ level was $9.0{\pm}4.0ng/ml$. With cut-off level for vitamin D deficiency (< 12.0 ng/ml), insufficiency (12-19.9 ng/ml) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/ml$), 77.6%, 19.2%, and 3.2% of subjects showed vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency status, respectively. The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed positive correlation with weight (r = 0.2461, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.2913, p < 0.001), body fat contents (r = 0.1691, p < 0.05), fat free mass (r = 0.2330, p < 0.01), and waist hip ratio (r = 0.1749, p < 0.05) after adjusted by age. The $25(OH)D_3$ level showed no significant correlation with serum lipid profiles and adipokine levels. Conclusion: Most subjects (76.6%) in this study, who had a vitamin D deficient status and serum $25(OH)D_3$ level, showed positive correlation with several obesity indices, however further research based on a large Korean population is needed to confirm the relationship.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.471-474
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• 2002

A new stereoscopic PIV has been constructed using two CCD cameras, stereoscopic photogrammetry, and 3D-PTV principle. The capability of the developed stereoscopic PIV was verified through a test on the Standard Images which are provided on the website of VSJ. The arrangement of the two cameras was based on angular position For the acquisition of 3D velocity vectors, 2D velocity vectors were obtained using the gray-level cross-correlation method from the two camera images and they were matched stereoscopically. The wake of a circular cylinder was measured and turbulent properties were presented.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.891-897
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• 2013

The spectrum and the number of the values of the cross-correlation function between the maximal period binary sequences have been extensively studied because of their importance in communications applications. In this paper, we propose the new family of the sequences using the decimation $d=2^{m-1}(3{\cdot}2^{m}-1)$. And we find the spectrum of the cross-correlation function of the sequences and analyze the number of times each value occurs for $0{\leq}{\tau}{\leq}2^{n}-2$.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.38.2-39
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• 1981

Speech reception threshold is a base for word discrimination testing, but it also serves as a check for the reliability of pure tone audiogram. In order to investigate the correlation between SRT and PTA these tests were carried out in patients with conductive hearing loss and normal hearing, using Grason-Stadler 1702 Audiometer. The results were as follows; 1) The difference between the scores of SRT and PTA's was 2.4 dB with a range of -3.3 dB∼+8.3 dB in conductive hearing loss, and was 1.9 dB with a range of -6.7 dB∼+5 dB in normal hearing group. 2) The difference between the scores of SRT and each speech frequency of PTA was 6 dB at 500 Hz, 3 dB at 1,000 Hz and 8.8 dB at 2,000 Hz in conductive hearing loss, and 3 dB at 500Hz, 2 dB at 1,000Hz, and 5dB at 2,000Hz in normal hearing group.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2016

Dose differences between three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) doses could be varied according to the geometrical relationship between a planning target volume (PTV) and an organ at risk (OAR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the overlap volume histogram (OVH), which quantitatively shows the geometrical relationship between the PTV and OAR, and the dose differences. 4D computed tomography (4DCT) images were acquired for 10 liver cancer patients. Internal target volume-based treatment planning was performed. A 3D dose was calculated on a reference phase (end-exhalation). A 4D dose was accumulated using deformation vector fields between the reference and other phase images of 4DCT from deformable image registration, and dose differences between the 3D and 4D doses were calculated. An OVH between the PTV and selected OAR (duodenum) was calculated and quantified on the basis of specific overlap volumes that corresponded to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the OAR volume overlapped with the expanded PTV. Statistical analysis was performed to verify the correlation with the OVH and dose difference for the OAR. The minimum mean dose difference was 0.50 Gy from case 3, and the maximum mean dose difference was 4.96 Gy from case 2. The calculated range of the correlation coefficients between the OVH and dose difference was from -0.720 to -0.712, and the R-square range for regression analysis was from 0.506 to 0.518 (p-value <0.05). However, when the 10% overlap volume was applied in the six cases that had OVH value ${\leq}2$, the average percent mean dose differences were $34.80{\pm}12.42%$. Cases with quantified OVH values of 2 or more had mean dose differences of $29.16{\pm}11.36%$. In conclusion, no significant statistical correlation was found between the OVH and dose differences. However, it was confirmed that a higher difference between the 3D and 4D doses could occur in cases that have smaller OVH value.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2004

We investigated the order of local movement of functional groups (-C(=O)O) in a liquid crystalline (LC) oligomer (12-4) using 2D Raman correlation spectroscopy. The results suggest that the free carbonyl near the ethyl terminal group moved first, followed by the hydrogen-bonded group. The free carbonyl group between the biphenyl groups rarely moved. Interestingly, 2D sample-to-sample correlation spectroscopy (2D STSCS) revealed that some of the carbonyl modes started to move at far below (50$^{\circ}C$) the LC temperature (135$^{\circ}C$), countering conventional beliefs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

The government expands its investment on R&D programs for economic growth, thus there is growing attention on the result of R&D Programs. This study proposes more improved measuring method for efficiency when the number of R&D programs is not enough to be for measuring efficiency analysis. It provides more various application method of factors on efficiency analysis. This study analyzes the influence of each input factor on efficiency by using partial efficiency concept. And it also determines input factors in similar influence throughout Spearman correlation coefficient. Finally, it suggests new method to improve discriminatory power of efficiency analysis by determining representative factors. Also, the proposed method can be practiced not only for national R&D programs, but also for other fields of research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1138-1144
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• 2013

Cross-correlation functions of maximal period sequences have been studied for decades. In this paper, we find the cross-correlation values of non-linear sequences $S_a^r(t)=Tr_1^m\{[Tr_m^n(a{\alpha}^t+{\alpha}^{dt})]^r\}$ having the maximal period $2^n-1$ for Niho type decimation $d=2^{m-2}(2^m+3)$, where n=2m. In particular, we call d Niho type decimation in case $d{\equiv}1(mod\;2^m-1)$. And we analyze the cross-correlation distributions of $S_a^r(t)$ when the phase shift ${\tau}=(2^m+1)k(0{\leq}k{\leq}2^m-2)$ and provide experiment results.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.491-499
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of dynamic parameters, such as correlation dimension $D_2,$ by comparing spectral electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters. These parameters are used to estimate the depth of halothane anesthesia as defined by the presence of body movement in response to a tail clamp. Six rats were used and each of them was exposed to halothane sequentially at the concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% for 30 min. A tail clamp was applied every five min and the movements were recorded at each concentration level. The spectral parameters and the dynamic parameters were derived from 20-sec and 10-sec segments, respectively, from the last 5-mins of EEG recording at each concentration level. Correlation coefficients between the parameters and the movements were calculated. Standardized values of three parameters, betaL power, median power frequency (MPF), and $D_2$ were derived by calculation based on the number of animals showing the movement in response to a tail clamp. The betaL power had the largest correlation coefficient to spontaneous movement and to the response to a tail clamp than any other band parameter. MPF had a better correlation with the movement than 90% spectral edge frequency. Among the dynamic parameters, $D_2$ on the parietal cortex had a better correlation with the movement. The level of deviation and variation of standardized $D_2,$ MPF, and betaL were significant (p<0.01). The order of deviation and variation was; betaL power > MPF > $D_2.$ The correlation dimension serves as a better index for the depth of halothane anesthesia defined in forms of a response to external stimulation.