• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2006

본 연구는 제한급여를 해야 하는 번식 후보돈에서 배합사료량을 줄이고 조사료인 호맥 사일리지를 급여하였을 때 후보돈의 생산성, 첫 발정시기, 종부시기 및 임신율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 후보모돈(Landrace ×Yorkshire) 24두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시시 평균체중은 67.63±1.17kg 이었고 사양시험은 49일간 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) CON(basal diet), 2) S15(15% feed restriction+ad libitum rye silage), 3) S30(30% feed restriction+ad libitum rye silage)로 3처리로 하였다. 일당증체량과 일당사료섭취량에서는 모든 처리구에 비해 배합사료를 무제한 급여한 CON구가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). S15구와 S30구의 호맥 사일리지의 섭취량은 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 사료요구율에서는 CON구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 호맥 사일리지를 섭취한 S15와 S30처리구의 평균 호맥 사일리지 섭취량은 시간이 경과할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 임신율에 있어서는 제한급여와 호맥 사일리지를 무제한 급여한 S15구와 S30구에서 모든 후보돈이 임신하였으나, 자유채식한 CON구에서는 상대적으로 낮은 임신율을 보였다. 첫 발정시기와 종부시기에서도 호맥 사일리지를 급여한 S15구와 S30구가 대조구와 비교하여 기간이 단축되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1158-1161
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• 2004

This study chiefly aims to ascertain the effect of birth weight and litter size on productive performance in rabbits. After delivery kits were removed from their mothers for individual weighing and randomly assigned to one of the following three experimental treatments: Group (KT 6) with six tiny kits (about 45 g) per litter (21 litters); Group (KT 8) with eight tiny kits (about 45 g) per litter (17 litters); Group (KN8) with eight normal kits (about 70 g) per litter (20 litters). The litters, separated from their mothers by putting them in a closed cage, suckled one time a day for 15 minutes. Daily milk production was measured by weighing the does immediately before and after suckling; body weight of kits was measured on a weekly basis. At weaning 60 rabbits per group were raised for six weeks to ascertain post-weaning performance and health. Compared with the two other groups, the kits of group KT8 ingested smaller quantities of milk both during the first 3 weeks (497.7 vs. 520.0 vs. 544.3 g, respectively for groups KT8, KN8, KT6) and the following period (261.3 vs. 285.0 vs. 302.7 g, respectively for KT8, KN8, KT6). The differences between groups KT8 and KT6 were statistically significant (p<0.01) in the first period while in the second period also KN8 group showed milk intake different in respect of KT8 (p<0.01) and KT6 (p<0.05) groups. Solid feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group KT6 (23.1 vs. 26.2 vs. 26.8 g/d, respectively for groups KT6, KN8, KT8). At weaning the kits of group KN8 always weighed more (966 vs. 894 vs. 888 g; p<0.01, respectively for groups KN8, KT6, KT8). After weaning, no parameter considered (daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and risk sanitary index) was affected by birth weight and litter size.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2000

Thirty piglets weaned at 24.5 d of age ($6.9{\pm}0.5kg$) randomly alloted to 3 treatments were used to investigate the effect of dietary tallow on average performance, digestibility of nutrients, metabolic utilization of energy and body composition at 25 kg. Weaned piglets respond to increasing levels of dietary tallow from 0 to 4% and 8% by digestive and metabolic adaptation. Apparent fecal digestibility of fat (AFDf) was highly correlated with the level of dietary tallow (X as % of fat extracted after HCl hydrolysis) by the following curvilinear equation of regression: $AFDf=33.8+6.9X-0.3X^2$. Feed intake expressed as DE was only significantly increased at the higher inclusion level of tallow. But neither average daily gain, nor feed conversion was affected by the addition of fat. On the other hand, body composition at 25 kg was equally affected, by both levels of supplementary fat; dry matter and energy content in the body were significantly higher (p<0.01) in piglets receiving tallow. As a consequence, the energy cost of the live weight gain was also increased from 23 to 24.7 MJ DE/kg (p<0.02) and the efficiency of energy deposition was decreased from 3.2 to 2.8 MJ DE/MJ deposited energy (p<0.01) in the presence of dietary tallow. An increase in the level of fat stimulated the activity of pancreatic lipase up to a constant value of $22{\pm}1.4IU/mg$ protein but conversely depressed the activity of amylase from 300 to 100 IU/mg of protein. The activity of liver acetyl CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme in the perirenal fat were low lind not affected by dietary fat; the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was high. Opposite to that, the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme in the perirenal and backfat were higher than in the liver and both were significantly reduced by the inclusion of fat in the diet. A direct deposition of dietary fat has been demonstrated by increasing the energy and lipid content of the empty body weight gain between 7 and 25 kg of live weight, and decreasing the efficiency of digestible energy utilization.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1293-1297
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• 2016

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern and northern regions. Database of population at risk are need required for monitoring, surveillance, home health care, and home visit. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a geographic information system (GIS) database and Google map of the population at risk of CCA in Mueang Yang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand during June to October 2015. Populations at risk were screened using the Korat CCA verbal screening test (KCVST). Software included Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS, and Google Maps. The secondary data included the point of villages, sub-district boundaries, district boundaries, point of hospital in Mueang Yang district, used for created the spatial databese. The populations at risk for CCA and opisthorchiasis were used to create an arttribute database. Data were tranfered to WGS84 UTM ZONE 48. After the conversion, all of the data were imported into Google Earth using online web pages www.earthpoint.us. Some 222 from a 4,800 population at risk for CCA constituted a high risk group. Geo-visual display available at following www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=zPxtcHv_iDLo.kvPpxl5mAs90&hl=th. Geo-visual display 5 layers including: layer 1, village location and number of the population at risk for CCA; layer 2, sub-district health promotion hospital in Mueang Yang district and number of opisthorchiasis; layer 3, sub-district district and the number of population at risk for CCA; layer 4, district hospital and the number of population at risk for CCA and number of opisthorchiasis; and layer 5, district and the number of population at risk for CCA and number of opisthorchiasis. This GIS database and Google map production process is suitable for further monitoring, surveillance, and home health care for CCA sufferers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of environmentally friendly agents (yucca extract, mineral feed additive, acidifier, nonspecific immunostimulating anionic alkali solution) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient excretion and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 125 pigs were allotted into 5 treatments with 5 replications, 5 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) control: basal diet, 2) YE: basal diet+120 mg/kg of yucca extract, 3) MFA: basal diet+50 mg/kg of mineral feed additive, 4) NIS: basal diet+3% of NIS (nonspecific immunostimulating anionic alkali solution), and 5) Acidifier: basal diet+0.5% of acidifier (organic acid complex). During the growing phase of the feeding trial, There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (F/G) among treatments, but the Acidifier group showed higher average daily gain (ADG) than the MFA group (p<0.05). During the finishing phase, there were no significant differences in growth performance among treatments, however YE supplementation increased ADG and F/G by 3.1 and 6.15%, respectively, when compared to control group. Proximate nutrients (dry matter, DM; crude protein, CP; crude ash, CA; crude fat, CF; gross energy, GE; calcium, Ca and phosphorus, P) digestibility did not show any significant differences among the treatments. And there were no significant differences in DM, N and P excretion as well. The supplementation of environmentally friendly agents tended to increase carcass weight compared to control group. Pigs fed MFA showed significantly heavier (p<0.05) carcass weight than those fed control or Acidifier diets. Addition of these agents except for NIS to diet for growing-finishing pigs caused a similar feed cost/kg weight gain than control group. Therefore, present study suggested that the optimum environmentally friendly agent would be yucca extracts, considering the effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient excretion, carcass characteristics and feed cost in growing-finishing pigs.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 Yb 광섬유 레이저 MOPA (master oscillator power amplifier) 시스템을 구축하여 고출력, 고효율의 근적외선 레이저 빔을 발진시키고, 이를 주기분극반전 준위상정합 비선형 광학 소자인 MgO:PPSLT에 단일 통과시키는 방식을 통하여 고출력 고효율 연속발진 녹색 레이저 빔을 생성하는 방법을 보고한다. 자발 펄싱을 억제할 수 있는 패브리-패롯 피드백 공진기 구조를 사용한 광섬유 레이저 주공진기를 사용하여 선폭이 좁고 선형 편광된 1064 nm 레이저 씨앗 빔을 안정적으로 생성할 수 있었으며, 이를 Yb 광섬유 증폭단에서 고출력으로 증폭시켰다. 증폭된 레이저 빔을 MgO:PPSLT에 통과시켜 고출력 고효율의 이차조화파를 얻을 수 있었는데, 이때 얻은 532 nm 레이저의 최고 출력은 기본 입사광의 출력이 25.0 W일 때 11.1 W였으며, 변환 효율은 44.4%를 얻었다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

다결정 실리콘에서 결정입계는 광생성된 반송자들의 재결합 중심으로 작용할 뿐 아니라 전위장벽으로 작용하여 태양전지의 변환효율을 감소시킨다. 결정입계의 영향을 줄이기 위해 열처리, 결정입계에 대한 선택적 식각, 결정입계로 함몰전극을 형성하는 방법, 다양한 전극 구조, 초박막 금속 형성 후 전극형성 등 여러가지 요소들을 조사하였다. 질소 분위기에서 $900^{\circ}C$ 전열처리, $POCl_3$ 확산을 통한 게터링, 후면전계 형성을 위한 Al 처리로 다결정 실리콘의 결함밀도를 감소시켰다. 결정입계에서의 반송자 손실을 감소시키기 위한 기판 처리로 Schimmel 식각액을 사용하였다. 이는 texturing 효과와 함께 결정입계를 선택적으로 $10{\mu}m$ 깊이로 식각하였다. 결점입계를 우선적으로 식각한 후면으로 Al을 확산하여 후면에서의 재결합 손실을 감소시켰다. 전극 핑거(grid finger) 간격이 0.4mm인 세밀한 전극 구조에 결정입계로 $0.4{\mu}m$ 깊이로 함몰전극을 추가로 형성하여 태양전지의 단락 전류 밀도가 개선되었다. 80% 이상의 광투과율을 보인 20nm 두께의 크롬 박막 형성으로 직렬 저항을 감소시켰다. 본 논문은 저가의 고효율, 지상 전력용 태양진지를 위해 결정입계에 대한 연구를 하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2008

본 시험은 옥수수 주정박(corn distiller's dried grains with solubles; DDGS)의 산란계용 배합사료에 첨가시 산란계의 생산성 및 영양소 대사율, 계분의 암모니아 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 23주령의 Hy-line Brown 계통의 산란계 216수에 DDGS를 0% 함유한 사료를 대조구(T1)로 하고, 대조구와 동에너지(TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg)-동단백질(17.0%)이 되게끔 DDGS를 각각 10%(T2), 20%(T3) 첨가한 3가지 사료를 10주간 급이하였다. 시험설계는 3처리 6반복 반복당 12수씩 완전임의 배치법을 사용하였다. 조사항목으로 사료섭취량, 산란율, 난중 및 난생산 사료요구율, 영양소대사율 및 계분의 암모니아 발생을 측정하였다. 본 시험에서 사료섭취량, 산란율, 난중 및 난생산 사료요구율 등의 산란 생산성은 모든 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 영양소 대사율에 있어 건물의 대사율의 경우 DDGS를 첨가한 처리구들에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 조지방과 NDF의 대사율은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 가용무질소물의 대사율은 DDGS 첨가 수준이 높아질수록 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). Ca과 P의 대사율은 DDGS 첨가구들과 대조구 사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 계분의 암모니아 발생은 DDGS 첨가수준이 높을수록 암모니아 발생이 낮게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 산란계사료에서 DDGS를 10~20%까지 옥수수-대두박을 대체하여 사용할 경우, 건물과 NFE 대사율을 감소시키는 효과가 있지만, 산란성적에 아무런 영향이 없이 사용할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.772-777
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 발포법 및 겔-캐스팅법을 이용하여 소석회와 석회석을 원료로 다공성 필터의 제조를 제조하였다. 제조된 필터의 물성과 $SO_2$ 제거성능을 평가한 결과 다공성 석회질 필터의 기공률 및 기공크기가 클수록 수많은 윈도우에 의해서 대부분의 기공이 열린 기공으로 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. $SO_2$ 제거에 대한 다공성 석회질 필터의 영향은 다음과 같이 관찰되었다. 반응온도가 증가할수록 $SO_2$ 제거효율은 증가하였다. $SO_2$ 유입농도에 따른 제거 효율의 차이가 많이 나지 않았지만 유량 차이에 의한 효율 변화는 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 필터의 경우 기공률이 클수록 $SO_2$ 제거효율은 우수하였으며, 기공률이 동일한 경우에서는 소석회 필터는 석회석 필터보다 $SO_2$ 제거효율이 우수하였다. 이것은 소석회의 CaO 전환율이 석회석에 비해 우수하여 $SO_2$에 의해 상대적으로 쉽게 $CaSO_4$로 형성되었기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1811-1821
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• 2021

Objective: A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental levels of Mn provided by organic and inorganic trace mineral supplements on growth, tissue mineralization, mineral balance, and antioxidant status of growing broiler chicks. Methods: A total of 500 male chicks (8-d-old) were used in 10-day feeding trial, with 10 treatments and 10 replicates of 5 chicks per treatment. A 2×5 factorial design was used where supplemental Mn levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg Mn/kg diet) were provided as MnSO₄·H₂O or MnPro. When Mn was supplied as MnPro, supplements of zinc, copper, iron, and selenium were supplied as organic minerals, whereas in MnSO₄·H₂O supplemented diets, inorganic salts were used as sources of other trace minerals. Performance data were fitted to a linearbroken line regression model to estimate the optimal supplemental Mn levels. Results: Manganese supplementation improved body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with chicks fed diets not supplemented with Mn. Manganese in liver, breast muscle, and tibia were greatest at 50, 75, and 100 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. Higher activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (total-SOD) were found in both liver and breast muscle of chicks fed diets supplemented with inorganic minerals. In chicks fed MnSO₄·H₂O, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver were optimized at 59.8, 74.3, 20.6, and 43.1 mg supplemental Mn/kg diet, respectively. In MnPro fed chicks, ADG, FCR, Mn balance, and concentration in liver and breast were optimized at 20.6, 38.0, 16.6, 33.5, and 62.3 mg supplemental Mn/kg, respectively. Conclusion: Lower levels of organic Mn were required by growing chicks for performance optimization compared to inorganic Mn. Based on the FCR, the ideal supplemental levels of organic and inorganic Mn in chick feeds were 38.0 and 74.3 mg Mn/kg diet, respectively.