• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.6-11
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• 2011

In domestic construction industry, there is lack of the communication between planning, design, construction and maintenance. This problem makes the omission of information and the loss of cost. Therefore, the introduction of BIM can be a solution about that. BIM manages all information generated during all life-cycle of a structure and consequently maximizes the efficiency of utilizing information. This is done through 3D information model associated with a three-dimensional(3D) parametric CAD. This study proposes the design process of steel box bridge for structural design work of bridge construction project based on BIM. This process has 3D modeling progress done by using the information decided in design phase. When the subject for the proposed process is superstructure of steel box bridge in construction, the structural calculation sheet can be derived with the structural design process based on BIM.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 2022

Investigating and evaluating the long-term creep behavior of historical buildings built on seismic zones is of great importance in terms of transferring these structures to future generations. Furthermore, assessing the earthquake behavior of historical structures such as masonry stone bridges is very important for the future and seismic safety of these structures. For this reason, in this study, earthquake analyses of a masonry stone bridge are carried out considering strong ground motions and various water levels. Tokatli masonry stone arch bridge that was built in the 10th century in Turkey-Karabük is selected for three-dimensional (3D) finite difference analyses and this bridge is modeled using FLAC3D software based on the three-dimensional finite difference method. Firstly, each stone element of the bridge is modeled separately and special stiffness parameters are defined between each stone element. Thanks to these parameters, the interaction conditions between each stone element are provided. Then, the Burger-Creep and Drucker-Prager material models are defined to arch material, rockfill material for evaluating the creep and seismic failure behaviors of the bridge. Besides, the boundaries of the 3D model of the bridge are modeled by considering the free-field and quiet boundary conditions, which were not considered in the past for the seismic behavior of masonry bridges. The bridge is analyzed for 6 different water levels and these water levels are 0 m, 30 m, 60 m, 70 m, 80 m, and 90 m, respectively. A total of 10 different seismic analyzes are performed and according to the seismic analysis results, it is concluded that historical stone bridges exhibit different seismic behaviors under different water levels. Moreover, it is openly seen that the water level is of great importance in terms of earthquake safety of historical stone bridges built in earthquake zones. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to consider the water levels while strengthening and analyzing the historical stone bridges.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.373-388
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• 2010

The updated finite element model of K$\ddot{o}$m$\ddot{u}$rhan Highway Bridge on the Firat River located on the $51^{st}$ km of Elazi$\breve{g}$-Malatya highway is obtained by using analytical and experimental results. The 2D and 3D finite element model of the bridge is created by using SAP2000 structural analyses software, and the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are determined analytically. The experimental measurements are carried out by Operational Modal Analysis Method under traffic induced vibrations and the dynamic characteristics are obtained experimentally. The vibration data are gathered from the both box girder and the deck of the bridge, separately. Due to the expansion joint in the middle of the bridge, special measurement points are selected when experimental test setups constitute. Measurement duration, frequency span and effective mode number are determined by considering similar studies in literature. The Peak Picking method in the frequency domain is used in the modal identification. At the end of the study, analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and the finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing some uncertain parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions. Maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced from 10% to 2%, and a good agreement is found between natural frequencies and mode shapes after model updating.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.533-544
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• 2020

Effective bridge maintenance reduces bridge operation costs and extends its service life. The possibility of storing bridge life-cycle data in a 3D parametric model of the bridge through Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) provides new opportunities to enhance current practices of bridge maintenance management. This study develops a Decision Support System (DSS), namely BrDSS, which employs BrIM and an efficient optimization model for bridge maintenance planning. The BrIM model in BrDSS extracts basic data of elements required for the optimization process and visualizes the inspection data and the optimization results to the user to help in decision makings. In the optimization module of the DSS, the specifically formulated Genetic Algorithm (GA) eliminates the chances of producing infeasible solutions for faster convergence. The practicality of the presented DSS was explored by utilizing the DSS in the maintenance planning of a bridge under operation in the southwest of Iran.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.259-272
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• 2001

The impact behavior of a multigirder concrete bridge under single and multiple moving vehicles is studied based on correlated road surface characteristics. The bridge structure is modeled as grillage beam system. A 3D nonlinear vehicle model with eleven degrees of freedom is utilized according to the HS20-44 truck design loading in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) specifications. A triangle correlation model is introduced to generate four classes of longitudinal road surface roughness as multi-correlated random processes along deck transverse direction. On the basis of a correlation length of approximately half the bridge width, the upper limits of impact factors obtained under confidence level of 95 percent and side-by-side three-truck loading provide probability-based evidence for the evaluation of AASHTO specifications. The analytical results indicate that a better transverse correlation among road surface roughness generally leads to slightly higher impact factors. Suggestions are made for the routine maintenance of this type of highway bridges.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.901-925
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• 2014

The reliability of a Bridge management System depends on the quality of visual inspection and the reliable estimation of bridge condition rating. However, the current practices of visual inspection have been identified with several limitations, such as: they are time-consuming, provide incomplete information, and their reliance on inspectors' experience. To overcome such limitations, this paper presents an approach of automating the prediction of condition rating for bridges based on digital image analysis. The proposed methodology encompasses image acquisition, development of 3D visualization model, image processing, and condition rating model. Under this method, scaling defect in concrete bridge components is considered as a candidate defect and the guidelines in the Ontario Structure Inspection Manual (OSIM) have been adopted for developing and testing the proposed method. The automated algorithms for scaling depth prediction and mapping of condition ratings are based on training of back propagation neural networks. The result of developed models showed better prediction capability of condition rating over the existing methods such as, Naïve Bayes Classifiers and Bagged Decision Tree.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.564-571
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• 1998

The function of diaphragms at abutments and piers of prestressed concrete (PSC) box girder train bridge is to transfer forces from the superstructure onto bearings or column and to stiffen the superstructure cross-section against in-plane deformation. Due to large stress disturbance at diaphragm, the design for the diaphragm using conventional design method is relatively irrational than designs for other structual members. And, due to contribution to boundary condition of deck slab by the diaphragm, the behavior of deck slab near the diaphragm is different from behavior of the deck slab obtained from two dimensional analysis of the bridge, which is basis far the design of deck slab. In this paper, three dimensional behavior of deck slab near diaphragm of PSC box girder train bridge constructed by the precast span method are analyzed by using three dimensional finite element modeling. Then, strut-and-tie model is applied to design the diaphragm of PSC box girder train bridge. The modeling techniques in this paper can be applied effectively to examine the causes of cracks at deck slab near diaphragm and to design diaphragm rationally.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.171-186
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• 2008

The seismic response analysis of an existing bridge needs a mathematical model that can be calibrated with measured dynamic characteristics. These characteristics are the periods and the associated mode shapes of vibration and the modal damping coefficients. This paper deals with the measurements and the interpretation of the results of ambient vibration tests done on a newly erected cable stayed bridge across the Oued Dib River at Mila city in Algeria. The signal analysis of ambient vibration records will permit to determine the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. On the other hand, a 3-D model of the bridge is developed in order to assess the frequencies and the associated modes of vibration. This information will be necessary in the planning of the test on the site (locations of the sensors, frequencies to be measured and the associated mode shapes of vibration). The frequencies predicted by the finite element model are compared with those measured during full-scale ambient vibration measurements of the bridge. In the same way, the modal damping coefficients obtained by the random decrement method are compared to those of similar bridges.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.141-146
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• 2002

In the present design concept, the nonlinear behavior of bridges is allowed under large earthquake. Therefore, demands for nonlinear analyses of bridges are increased more and more especially in the area of seismic assessment. It is, however, difficult to solve the problem how the nonlinearity of columns should be modelled. In this study, the fiber element Is adopted for model ins pier column. The element is a kind of structural elements like frame element, and it can model the distributed plasticity of plastic hinge. A 3 span continuos bridge is taken for seismic analysis. First, the nonlinear static analysis the column at fixed support are performed so that the characteristics of column is investigated. Second, the nonlinear dynamic analyses of the full bridge model is performed, considering 3 directional earthquake excitations.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2016

Since the preservation of monuments is very important to human societies, different methods are required to preserve historic structures. In this paper, 3D model of arch stone bridge at Pont Saint Martin, Aosta, Italy, was simulated by 1660 integrated separate stones using ABAQUS$^{(R)}$ software to investigate the seismic susceptibility of the bridge. The main objective of this research was to study a method of preservation of the historical stone bridge against possible earthquakes using FRP techniques. The nonlinear behavior model of materials used theory of plasticity based on Drucker-Prager yield criterion. Then, contact behavior between the block and mortar was modeled. Also, Seismosignal software was used to collect data related to 1976 Friuli Earthquake Italy, which constitutes a real seismic loading. The results show that, retrofitting of the arch stone bridge using FRP techniques decreased displacement of stones of spandrel walls, which prevents the collapse of stones.