• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1359-1371
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to compare two avatars made using direct and manual methods and to evaluate the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars. In this study, two subjects were measured by $[TC]^2$ body scanner and the avatars and virtual garments were created by OptiTex software. The direct avatar was made by the direct importation of 3D body scan data and the manual avatar was made by manual input from extracted body measurement. Two virtual garments in a tank-top were evaluated by distance, transparency, and stretch maps. In the results of comparing difference of the direct and manual avatars, the bust and back of the manual avatar are protruded slightly more than that of the direct avatar and the manual avatar is slightly larger dimensions at the bust, waist, abdomen, and hip area in the side view in case of subject 1 and 2. In the results of comparing difference of the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars, in case of subject 1 and 2, the back of the virtual garment on the manual avatar are protruded more than that of the direct avatar. Also, the ease in the bust area of the virtual garment on the manual avatar with a projected bust area was smaller than that of the virtual garment on the direct avatar and the stretch of that of the manual avatar was also high in the bust area. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information in the apparel industry using virtual try-on technology.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2016

This study classified the lower body types of female adults aged 18 to 69. The lower body was divided into front, lateral front, and lateral back. In order to understand the shape and somatotype of each segment, 592 people were analyzed based on girth, height, length, depth, width, angle and cross section distance for each segment. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 was performed for descriptive statics, principal component analysis, K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test (as verification). Factor analysis was performed based on index values, calculation values, angles, and cross section distances. The measured items resulted in a.) 16 items were extracted to 5 factors in the case of the front factor (FF) of the lower body, and b.) 24 items were extracted to 6 factors in the case of lateral front factor (LFF) and lateral back factor (LBF). Each factor was put through K-means cluster analysis, classifying the lower bodies into one of four types of based on the front type (FT), the lateral front type (LFT), and the lateral back type (LBT) respectively. This study proposed an understanding of various lower body shapes by segmenting and classifying the lower body shapes for each type.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2007

With rapid expansion in e-retailing of apparel business, personalized fitting model service shows the possibility as the differentiated marketing strategy in cyber shopping. According as necessity of personalized fitting model construction rises, it is tried personalized fitting model creation in several fields such as computer engineering, mechanical engineering, information engineering. But, because existent study was concentrated only on human body modeling, it does not reflect average morphological characteristics of human body properly. In this study, we wish to examine if morphing is fit for expressing characteristic of average human body shape and suggest desirable morphing. We used 3-D scan data of 254 Korean middle aged men collected by Size Korea 2004. The result of this study are as follows: Lower body types were categorized by height hip girth and lower drop(hip girth-navel girth) which were main factors of lower body shape. Then each factor was divided into 3 groups respectively, 30% in the middle, over 30%, under 30%. In 27 groups, the group which belonged to 30% in the middle of height, 30% in the middle of hip girth, 30% in the middle of lower drop was selected as a representative group. We tested geometrical figure by differ volume, tilt, position of point. And we created a representative type of men's lower bodies by morphing the representative group and analyzed it's horizontal, vertical sections. A representative type which was created by morphing reflected a real body and changed realistically at the part of hip, crotch, calf muscle and so on. A cross sections of a representative type were similar to average cross sections of the representative group in size and shape. So it was proved that morphing was successful.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 공주 마곡사오층석탑을 대상으로 3차원 스캐닝 시스템을 적용하여 디지털 복원 및 구조안정성평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 16방향에서 측정한 레이저 스캐닝 데이터를 7단계의 데이터처리 프로그램 과정에 활용하여 석탑의 디지털복원을 완성했다. 디지털복원 결과, 전반적으로 층별 부재의 높이와 폭은 방위에 따라 약간의 차이가 있었고, 각 층별 옥개석의 폭은 매우 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 탑신의 층별 폭은 1층에서 5층으로 갈수록 줄어들지만 체감비율은 일정하지 않았다. 구조해석을 위한 3차원 영상분석 결과, 1층 탑신이 남동쪽으로 기울어진 것을 제외하고는 2층 탑신부터 상륜부까지 모두 북서쪽으로 변위가 발생하였다. 이와 같은 3차원 영상분석이 석조문화재에 지속적으로 사용되기 위해서는 측정방법의 정량화가 필요하며, 훼손도 정량평가와 같은 다양한 분야에도 적용되어야 할 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2006

Three-dimensional body scanners were used for years in the clothing manufacturing fields. The 3D body surface provide essential data to draft patterns for mass customization, virtual fit model, and computerized patternmaking systems. This research proposed the methods of drafting patterns for men's jacket by using three dimensional body scan data. Eight male subjects were scanned, the surface data was flattened. The differentials of the flattened body surface and the jacket draft were measured, and analyzed the regressions. To verify the fit of the patterns, the jacket was constructed by the regression formulae and tested by experts. The fit of the jacket were significantly improved rather than a ready-made suit especially the shoulder areas. This means that the methods that we proposed were good to improve the fit of the garments and could be used effectively to implement mass customization strategies in the apparel retail industry.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1242-1252
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• 2006

Many applications in computer graphics require complex, highly detailed models. However, to control processing time, it is often desirable to use approximations in place of excessively detailed models. Therefore, we have developed the notion of an optimal matrix to simplify the model surface which can then rapidly obtain high quality 2D patterns by flattening the 3D surface. Firstly, the woman's 3D body was modeled based on Size Korea data. Secondly, the 3D model was divided by shell and block for the pattern draft. Thirdly, each block was flattened by the grid and bridge method. Finally, we select the optimal matrix and demonstrate it's efficiency and quality. The proposed approach accommodates surfaces with darts, which are commonly utilized in the clothing industry to reduce the deformation of surface forming and flattening. The resulting optimal matrix could be an initiation of standardization for pattern flattening. This can facilitate much better approximations, in both efficiency and exactness.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2023

표준화되지 않은 의료 데이터 수집 및 관리는 여전히 수동으로 진행되고 있어, 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 딥 러닝을 사용해 CT 데이터를 분류하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 대부분 연구에서는 기본적인 CT slice인 axial 평면만을 기반으로 모델을 개발하고 있다. CT 영상은 일반 이미지와 다르게 인체 구조만 묘사하기 때문에 CT scan을 재구성하는 것만으로도 더 풍부한 신체적 특징을 나타낼 수 있다. 이 연구는 axial 평면뿐만 아니라 CT 데이터를 2D로 변환하는 여러가지 방법들을 통해 보다 높은 성능을 달성할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 한다. 훈련은 5가지 부위의 CT 스캔 1042개를 사용했고, 모델 평가를 위해 테스트셋 179개, 외부 데이터셋으로 448개를 수집했다. 딥러닝 모델 개발을 위해 ImageNet으로 사전 학습된 InceptionResNetV2를 백본으로 사용하였으며, 모델의 전체 레이어를 재 학습했다. 실험결과 신체 부위 분류에서는 재구성 데이터 모델이 99.33%를 달성하며 axial 모델보다 1.12% 더 높았고, 조영제 분류에서는 brain과 neck에서만 axial모델이 높았다. 결론적으로 axial slice로만 훈련했을 때 보다 해부학적 특징이 잘 나타나는 데이터로 학습했을 때 더 정확한 성능 달성이 가능했다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.726-736
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• 2015

The apparel industry has recently been recognizing the important target market of middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric characteristics of US women of 46 to 65 years of age and identify distinctive body shape characteristics of US middle-aged women. A total of 1915 middle-aged women whose ages ranged from 46 to 65 were selected from the SizeUSA database. The age range was divided into two groups: 46-55 and 56-65. Twenty-four body measurements important for apparel development were chosen. Four factors-Girth Factor, Height Factor, Hip Drop Factor, and Bust Drop Factor-accounted for the US middle-aged women's body measurements. The body shapes were classified into four body shapes, which were Y-Shape in the overweight range, S-Shape in the overweight range, H-Shape in the overweight range, and the A-Shape in obese range. H-Shape, which was the least-defined waist in relation to the bust and hips with a short height, existed more in older middle-aged women than in younger middle-aged women. Y-Shape, S-Shape, and A-Shape existed more in the group of younger middle-aged women than in the group of older middle-aged women. In addition, compared with the younger middle-aged women, older middle-aged women had narrower shoulders, a larger waist, thinner legs, and a longer distance between side neck to bust point. The findings from the current study may be applied in the apparel industry for developing clothing sizing systems for US middle-aged women.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

SPECT camera와 PET scanner 그리고 PET/CT 장치는 감마선을 검출하여 얻어진 자료(data)를 정보화 한다. 특히 PET/CT 장치는 PET영상에서 나타나는 해부학적 불선예함을 CT로 보완하여 선예한 해부학적 구조의 영상 묘출능력이 뛰어나 양질의 진단정보를 제공하고 있게 되었다. 신속 정확한 자료의 획득과 정보화를 위하여 우선적으로 검출기(detector)에서의 효율적인 감마선검출은 매우 예민하고 중요한 역할 중의 하나이다. 섬광체(scintillator)의 개발과 함께 data 처리를 위한 software의 발전은 영상재구성처리시간의 단축은 물론 영상의 질적인 향상을 초래하였다. PET scanner에서는 SPECT camera의 $100{\sim}200\;keV$와는 달리 511 keV의 고에너지 감마선을 검출한다. 섬광체 GSO, LSO는 PET scanner의 섬광체로 비교적 많이 이용되고 있다. 고에너지 감마선에너지를 빛으로 전환하여 여러 단계를 거쳐 정보화하는 과정은 결과적으로 고화질의 영상을 비롯한 정확하고 신속한 진단정보획득에 목적을 두고 있다. 화질의 질적향상은 획득한 정보량에 대한 영상의 재구성 방법과 기술에 따라 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 PET/CT 장치에서 특히 PET부분에서 섬광체(scintillator)의 특성과 감마선의 검출과정에서부터 영상 재구성단계까지 문헌적 고찰을 통하여 요약 설명하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the appropriate surplus of clothing for a suitable basic bodice pattern of Male Sports Athletes by using the 3D virtual twin and virtual garment simulation system. The results were as follows; 1. By using 3D virtual twin and garment simulation, new bodice pattern considered male sports athletes was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows ; surplus of chest girth=9, surplus of back length=1, armhole depth=back length/4+13, half back width=chest girth/5+2.5, front chest width=chest girth/5+3. 2. Wearing test by 3D virtual garment simulation system was useful to evaluate wearing outline, surplus of clothes and garment space. Also it estimated more highly than existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that new bodice pattern is appropriate for the male sports athletes. New bodice pattern was evaluated to allow proper space length of chest and waist. Virtual models production through 3D body scan data, pattern draft and virtual garment digital program were applied to prototypic design method so as to enhance the fitness of ready-made garments. This study is expected to serve as one of important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize 3D Virtual Garment Simulation System with 2D patterns, and also for future 3D Pattern Production Program development.