• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2010

The aim of our study was to investigate the interactive effects of container size and nutrient supply on plant growth, chlorophyll synthesis, transpiration, $CO_2$ assimilation, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutrient uptake of vinca plant (Catharanthus roseus). A complete experiment utilizing four concentrations of fertilizer and three volumes of containers was conducted. As the container size was increased, the plant height, leaf area, and dry weight of vinca significantly increased regardless of fertilizer level. The leaf area and dry weight of vinca were highly sensitive to the container size. However, the chlorophyll contents of vinca 20 days after the transplant significantly increased with decreasing container sizes and increasing fertilizer concentrations. Significant differences in transpiration and $CO_2$ assimilation occurred with the use of differentfertilizer solutions, but the highest values for transpiration and $CO_2$ assimilation were in plants grown in the 15 cm-diameter containers. The highest water use efficiency was observed in the plants grown in 10 cm-containers with 4 dS/m of fertilizer, and there were no significant differences in WUE values among container sizes with fertilizer concentrations of 0, 1, or 2 dS/m. No significant difference in nutrient uptake was observed among the fertilizer levels or among the container sizes. However, at a fertilizer concentration of 4 dS/m, the uptake of several nutrients, including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and Fe, was higher in small containers than in larger ones.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.893-906
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• 2017

Automatic large scale soil model generation is very critical stage for earthquake hazard simulation of urban areas. Manual model development may cause some data losses and may not be effective when there are too many data from different soil observations in a wide area. Geographic information systems (GIS) for storing and analyzing spatial data help scientists to generate better models automatically. Although the original soil observations were limited to soil profile data, the recent developments in mapping technology, interpolation methods, and remote sensing have provided advanced soil model developments. Together with advanced computational technology, it is possible to handle much larger volumes of data. The scientists may solve difficult problems of describing the spatial variation of soil. In this study, an algorithm is proposed for automatic three dimensional soil and velocity model development of southern part of the European side of Istanbul next to Sea of Marmara based on GIS data. In the proposed algorithm, firstly bedrock surface is generated from integration of geological and geophysical measurements. Then, layer surface contacts are integrated with data gathered in vertical borings, and interpolations are interpreted on sections between the borings automatically. Three dimensional underground geology model is prepared using boring data, geologic cross sections and formation base contours drawn in the light of these data. During the preparation of the model, classification studies are made based on formation models. Then, 3D velocity models are developed by using geophysical measurements such as refraction-microtremor, array microtremor and PS logging. The soil and velocity models are integrated and final soil model is obtained. All stages of this algorithm are carried out automatically in the selected urban area. The system directly reads the GIS soil data in the selected part of urban area and 3D soil model is automatically developed for large scale earthquake hazard simulation studies.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.757-768
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• 2022

In this paper, we proposed a system that visualizes a hologram device in 3D by utilizing the CT image segmentation function based on artificial intelligence deep learning. The input axial CT medical image is converted into Sagittal and Coronal, and the input image and the converted image are divided into 3D volumes using ResUNet, a deep learning model. In addition, the volume is created by segmenting the tumor region in the segmented liver image. Each result is integrated into one 3D volume, displayed in a medical image viewer, and converted into a video. When the converted video is transmitted to the hologram device and output from the device, a 3D image with a sense of space can be checked. As for the performance of the deep learning model, in Axial, the basic input image, DSC showed 95.0% performance in liver region segmentation and 67.5% in liver tumor region segmentation. If the system is applied to a real-world care environment, additional physical contact is not required, making it safer for patients to explain changes before and after surgery more easily. In addition, it will provide medical staff with information on liver and liver tumors necessary for treatment or surgery in a three-dimensional manner, and help patients manage them after surgery by comparing and observing the liver before and after liver resection.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2010

The study describes the results of batch experiments on the removal of Reactive Yellow 15 (RY15) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from synthetic textile wastewater onto Activated Carbon from Walnut shell (ACW). The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlish, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models of adsorption. The experiments were carried out as function of initial concentrations, pH, temperature (303-333), adsorbent dose and kinetics. The surface area and pore volumes of adsorbent were measured by BET and BJH methods. The findings confirm the surface area (BET) is 248.99 $m^2/g$. The data fitted well with the Temkin and D-R isotherms for RY15 and RB5, respectively. The most favorable adsorption occurred in acidic pH. Pseudo-second order kinetic model were best in agreement with adsorption of RY15 and RB5 on ACW. The results indicate that walnut shell could be an alternative to more costly adsorbent currently being used for dyes removal.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 2011

High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) has been regarded as a promising clean energy sources. In this study, a quasi-three-dimensional dynamic model of HT-PEMFC has been developed and the local dynamic characteristics are investigated. The model has the geometrical simplification of 2+1D reduction (quasi-3D). The one-dimensional model consists of nine control volumes in cross-sectional direction to solve the energy conservation and the species conservation equations. Then, the one-dimensional model is discretized into 25 local sections along the gas flow direction to account for gas and thermal transport in channels. With this discretization, the local characteristics of HT-PEMFC such as species conservation, temperature, and current density can be captured. In order to study the basic characteristics of HT-PEMFC, it is important to investigate the local dynamic characteristics. Thus, the model is simulated at various operating conditions and the local dynamic characteristics related to them are observed. The model is useful to investigate the distribution of HT-PEMFC characteristics and the physical phenomena in HT-PEMFC.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2019

고체연료는 추진제 연소 시 산화제와 반응하여 추진제 성능을 증가시키는 역할을 한다. 대표적인 고체연료는 Al, RDX, HMX 등이 있다. 이들 물질은 연소 시 수분과 만나 흰색 연기를 발생시키고, 일산화탄소, 이산화탄소, 메탄가스 등의 환경유해 물질을 다량 발생시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 고체 연료로 사용 가능한 고질소 에너지 물질인 hydrazinium 5-aminotetrazolate(HAT)를 제조하였다. 분광분석(NMR)을 통해 HAT의 구조를 분석하였으며, DSC를 이용하여 열특성 분석을 하였다. 또한, EXPLO5 프로그램을 이용하여 비추력, 가스발생량 등을 계산하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the dosimetric difference between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in head and neck cancer (HNC). The study primarily focuses on low-dose spillage evaluation between these two techniques. Methods: This retrospective study involved 45 patients with HNC. The treatment plans were generated using the IMRT and VMAT techniques for all patients. Dosimetric comparisons were performed in terms of target coverage, organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing, and various parameters, including conformity index, uniformity index, homogeneity index, conformation number, low-dose volumes, and normal tissue integral dose (NTID). Results: No significant (P>0.05) difference in planning target volume coverage (D_95%) was observed between IMRT and VMAT plans for supraglottic larynx, hard palate, and tongue cancers. A decrease in dose volumes ranging from 1 Gy to 30 Gy was observed for VMAT plans compared with those for IMRT plans, except for V_1Gy and V_30Gy for supraglottic larynx cancer and V_1Gy for tongue cancer. Moreover, decreases (P<0.05) in NTID were observed for VMAT plans compared with that for IMRT plans in supraglottic larynx (4.50%), hard palate (12.80%), and tongue (7.76%) cancers. In contrast, a slight increase in monitor units for VMAT compared with those for IMRT in supraglottic larynx (0.46%), hard palate (2.54%), and tongue (7.56%) cancers. Conclusions: For advanced-stage HNC, both IMRT and VMAT offer satisfactory clinical plans. VMAT offers a conformal and homogeneous dose distribution with comparable OAR sparing and higher dose falloff outside the target volume than IMRT, which provides an edge to reduce the risk of secondary malignancies for HNC over IMRT.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.161-162
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• 1997

It is very useful to perform the surgery simulation before implanting TAH(Total Artificial Heart} in a patient. The space of chest and the shape of vessels are different from patient to patient. So, It is desirable to customize a TAH design to the anatomy structure of a patient. Several studies are performed to visualize and explain the 3D structure of heart. These studies are performed using 2-dimensional ref or mated images and simple measurement. Anatomy structure of a human heart is not so simple. It is 4dimensional structure ; 3-dimensional plus time, heart beating. 3-dimensional reconstruction schemes of medical images developed for about 10 years are usually categorized into two types of rendering technique ; surface rendering and volume rendering. Volume rendering is preferable in medical image processing field because this technique can be applied without considering the complexity of geometry and change of field of interest. The usable space in the chest of patient can be measured by 3D volume matching of patient trunk and TAH model. This space changes with time. In this research we have developed the 4-dimensional volume match program of patient and TAH model. 3-dimensional rendered set of volumes along time were used to simulate TAH fitting trial. The quantitative measurement from this simulation could be applied to customize TAH design.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-168
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to analyze flow characteristics for a side weir, which is an inlet structure for flow discharge reduction in the main channel through 3 dimensional numerical analysis and to understand the efficiency of the overflow effect at the side weir. In this study over 40 simulations using FLOW-3D, a computational fluid dynamics program were conducted, and the results were analyzed to find the influence of the flow hydraulics, geometry, channel and weir shapes on the coefficient. It is especially considered the relatively high stage in downstream that may cause flow within channel to be backed up along the channel. Additionally by setting up the scale of simulations much larger than the existing test equipment designed by other researchers, it is intended to analyze more accurate hydraulic behavior along with the realistic hydraulic features such as structures and volumes of flow. The results show that for design with subcritical flow only if the Froude number of upstream is sustained below 0.5 and the length of weir is 33-100% of the width of channel, it is expected to improve the efficiency of the overflow over a side weir.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 1983

참나무 임분구조(林分構造)를 그 임분(林分)의 생산성(生産性)과 관련(關聯)시켜 분석(分析)하였다. 해발고(海拔高)에 따른 입지조건(立地條件)에 의(依)해 분류(分類)된 3개(個) 조사구(調査區)가 부여군(扶餘郡) 은산면(恩山面) 나령리(羅嶺里)에 위치(位置)한 참나무 임분(林分)에서 선정(選定)되었다. 임분(林分)의 입지조건(立地條件)은 몇가지 토양이화학적(土壤理化學的) 성질(性質)에 비추어 보통인 것으로 추정(推定)되었다. 굴참나무가 조사(調査)된 임분(林分)의 식생구성(植生構成)에서 우점종(優占種)이었다. 임분(林分)의 소밀도(疎密度)는 plot I의 65.4%에서 plot III의 78.2%까지 변이(變異)를 보였으며 참나무가 차지한 몫들은 plot I의 44.4%에서 plot III의 65.9%까지 이었다. 소밀도(疎密度)와는 달리 참나무류(類)의 축적(蓄積)은 plot I의 $3.937m^3$ (plot 전체(全體)의 73.4%)에서 plot III의 $2.075m^3$ (plot전체(全體)의 84.3%) 까지 이었다. 수형급별(樹型級別)로 측정(測定)된 그 점유비(占有比)는 수관투영면적(樹冠投影面積)과 재적간(材積間)에 상이(相異)했고 또한 plot 별(別)로 다른 pattern을 나타냈다. 개체목(個體木)들의 수관투영면적(樹冠投影面積)과 재적간(材積間)에 plot 별(別)로는 높은 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었지만 수형급별(樹型級別)로는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 참나무의 수고(樹高), D.B.H.와 재적(材積)에 있어 누적생장량(累積生長量), 연년생장량(連年生長量), 총평균생장량(總平均生長量)은 plot 별(別), 수형급별(樹型級別)로 상이(相異)한 pattern을 보였다. 수고(樹高)의 연년생장(連年生長) 최대치(最大値)는 보통 D.B.H. 보다는 빨리 10~20년(年)내에 냐타났다. 수고(樹高), D.B.H. 재적(材積)의 총평균(總平均) 생장량(生長量)은 대략 10년(年) 이후(以後)부터 비슷한 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하면서 불규칙(不規則)하게 변동(變動)했다. 간벌(間伐)에 따른 수관투영면적(樹冠投影面積)과 재적(材積)은 A 종(種)$90m^3$ 정도(程度)로 추정(推定)되었다.