• Title/Summary/Keyword: 3D TV

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Visual fatigue in Watching 3 Dimension Television (3D TV 시청에 있어서 시청 피로)

  • Yoon, Jeong Ho;Lee, Ikhan;Kim, Taehyun;Kim, Jae-Do
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was to evaluate visual fatigue with passing of watching 3D TV in short term and with experience of watching 3DTV in long term. Methods: 98 adult subjects aged $33.5{\pm}5.5$ years (22 to 51 years; 12 females and 86 males) agreed to participate in this study. Subjects were asked to watch 52 inch LED 2D and 3D television (Shutter glasses method) at 2.7 meters for 65minutes with wearing their habitual glasses or contact lenses. For evaluating visual fatigue, subjects were verbally responded to 11 questions : eye straining, eye paining, dry eye, sore eye, watery eye, photophobia, blur vision, diplopia, eye fatigue, headache, and dizziness with scale 0 to 3 at each measurement while watching 3D and 2D TV. Results: The mean scores of visual fatigue were $2.08{\pm}2.14$, $3.19{\pm}3.02$, $3.40{\pm}3.37$, $3.53{\pm}3.07 $for after 5 minutes, 25 minutes, 45 minutes, and 65 minutes respectively for 3D TV, and $0.40{\pm}1.03$, $0.22{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.58$, and $0.17{\pm}0.52$ after 25, 45, and 65 minutes respectively for 2D TV. Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was significantly higher than for watching 2D TV at all measurements sessions (paired t-test, p < 0.001). The visual fatigue significantly increased during watching 3D TV for 65 minutes (p < 0.001, RM-ANOVA). The visual fatigue during watching 3D TV was significantly increased until 25 minutes (paired t-test, p < 0.001), stable after that. For correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience, the more 3D watching experiences were significantly the less visual fatigues in photophobia, blur vision, diplopic and dizzy symptoms (ANOVA, all F(1, 96) = 4.500, all p < 0.05), but there was not significantly different in the other symptoms (ANOVA, F (1, 96) = 2.123, p = 0.148). Conclusions: Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was higher than for watching 2D TV, increase by 25 minutes. It was different by symptoms for correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience.

The Evaluations of Phoria and AC/A Ratio by Watching 3D TV at Near (3D TV 근거리 시청에 따른 사위도와 조절성폭주비 평가)

  • Son, Jeong-Sik;Kim, Dong-Su;Kim, Jung-Ho;Kim, Jae-Do;Hamacher, Alaric;Yu, Dong-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.319-324
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the changes of phoria and calculated AC/A ratio, and their recovery time points by watching 3D television (3D TV). Methods: 50 subjects (male 30, female 20) of 20s to 40s ages who can watch 3D, were measured phoria using a Howell phoria card at 3 m for distance and 40 cm for near. The phoria was evaluated before watching 3D TV and every 10 minutes from starting of watching 3D TV for 30 minutes, and every 5 minutes after finishing of watching 3D TV for 30 minutes again. Results: For the distance phoria during and after watching 3D TV, it was increased to more exophoria $-0.98{\pm}1.37{\Delta}$ (prism diopters) after 10 minutes from starting of 3D TV watching (p=0.063) and increased to more exophoria $-1.00{\pm}1.28{\Delta}$ after 30 minutes (p=0.024), and started to decrease after finishing of watching 3D TV and recovered to the level of before 3D TV watching ($-0.78{\pm}1.11{\Delta}$) after 20 minutes (p=0.32) with comparing to phoria of before watching 3D TV ($-0.80{\pm}1.12{\Delta}$). For the near phoria, it was also increased to more exophoria $-5.71{\pm}4.45{\Delta}$ after 10 minutes from starting of watching 3D TV (p=0.000) and $-6.58{\pm}4.36{\Delta}$ after 30 minutes (p=0.000), and started to decrease after finishing of watching 3D TV and recovered to the level of before watching 3D TV after 20 minutes ($-4.34{\pm}3.67{\Delta}$) (p=0.32) with comparing to the phoria of before watching 3D TV ($-4.36{\pm}3.66{\Delta}$). AC/A ratio was decreased from $4.92{\pm}1.17{\Delta}/D$ for before 3D TV watching to $4.11{\pm}1.50{\Delta}/D$ for after 30 minutes from starting of watching 3D TV (p=0.000), and increased after the end of watching 3D TV and recovered to the level of before 3D TV watching ($4.93{\pm}1.18{\Delta}/D$) after 25 minutes (p=0.598). Conclusions: During watching 3D TV at near, it showed a tendency of convergence insufficiency by decrease of calculated AC/A ratio as result that exophoria at near was higher increased than exophoria at distance. However, the increased exophoria at both near and distance was recovered to the level of base line after 25 minutes from the end of watching 3D TV. Through this study, it seems to need rational proposals of advice for watching 3D TV.

3D Graphic Interface Design for TV using Behavior and Attribute Analysis (행위와 속성 분석을 통한 TV 의 3D 그래픽 인터페이스 디자인 연구 -실생활과 접목된 필연적인 인터페이스 구현을 위한 방법론)

  • Shim, Jae-Hee;Kim, Uni-Young;Kim, Ji-Hea;Lee, Hyung-Nam;Jang, Sae-Hun
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.02a
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    • pp.996-1000
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    • 2009
  • There can be three objectives why we apply 3D graphics in TV interface. First, inevitable usability. 3D space is the most inevitable way for product-user interaction deviating from the current aesthetic or technical purpose of use. Second, enhance emotional satisfaction by merging interface into real life. Beyond digilog(analog+digital), we wanted users to naturally use the interface as if they are using everyday objects. And in order to do this properly, we analyzed the behaviors of users how they use their everyday objects and then analyzed the attributes beyond each behavior. Third, capaticy for enourmous contents of the incorporated TV. The most efficient way to display enormous amounts of contents in a limited screen is 3D. And that 3D space gives us almost unlimited capacity in accepting contents. Now to conclude, using 3D graphics for TV interface has significance in many ways but the issue is how we can maintain the 3D effects while customizing them into real products.

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A Study of 3D Stereoscopic TV Animation Production: A Case Study of Pororo, the Little Penguin (3D TV 입체 애니메이션 제작에 대한 연구: <뽀롱 뽀롱 뽀로로> 4 시즌 테스트 제작사례분석을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Sung-Kyu;Oh, Jun-Heon
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.28
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    • pp.101-124
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    • 2012
  • Success of brought a large revolution in the world of cinema and the media market. They have predicted new industrial possibility for 3D Stereoscopic image and trends started to support for producing in the field of various media platform. We can see our domestic technology creates higher added value in the sphere of hard-wear for the market of worldwide home TV electronics. But in reality we are short of effective and organized pipeline of producing and we should analyse cases more for Stereoscopic 3D animations. Therefore in this paper, we present case study on animation made into Stereoscopic 3D animation to build up suitable Stereoscopic 3D TV animations pipeline. We differentiate from any other Stereoscopic content by applying artistic elements and technological elements, especially human factor and 3D Sweetening to elevate the level of 3D Stereoscopic effect for main audience, children. We propose how to strengthen the competitiveness of Korean animation for world animation market.

Three-Dimensional Television using Optical Scanning Holography

  • Poon, Ting-Chung
    • Journal of Information Display
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2002
  • We first review a real-time three-dimensional (3-D) holographic recording technique called optical scanning holography (OSH) and discuss holographic reconstruction using spatial light modulators (SLMs). We then present how the overall system can be used for 3-D holographic television (TV) display with a wide-angle view of a 3-D image, and address some of the issues encountered. Finally, we suggest some techniques to alleviate the issues encountered in such a 3-D holographic TV system.

2D/3D conversion algorithm on broadcast and mobile environment and the platform (방송 및 모바일 실감형 2D/3D 컨텐츠 변환 방법 및 플랫폼)

  • Song, Hyok;Bae, Jin-Woo;Yoo, Ji-Sang;Choi, Byeoung-Ho
    • 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.08a
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    • pp.386-389
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    • 2007
  • TV technology started from black and white TV. Color TV invented and users request more realistic TV technology. The next technology is 3DTV. For 3DTV, 3D display technology, 3D coding technology, digital mux/demux technology in broadcast and 3D video acquisition are needed. Moreover, Almost every contents now exist are 2D contents. It causes necessity to convert from 2D to 3D. This article describes 2D/3D conversion algorithm and H/W platform on FPGA board. Time difference makes 3D effect and convolution filter increased the effect. Distorted image and original image give 3D effect. The algorithm is shown on 3D display. The display device shows 3D effect by parallax barrier method and has FPGA board.

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Stereo Sequence Transmission using Concealment of Disparity Information on Color Channels (변이 정보의 칼라채널별 은닉을 통한 스테레오 동영상 전송 기법)

  • 이호근;하영호
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2003
  • This paper proposes a new 3D image transmission technique using digital watermarking for compatibility with conventional 2D digital TV. To transmit 3D images effectively, generally, we use image sequence transmission using temporal-spatial redundancy between stereo images. It is difficult for users with conventional digital TV to watch the transmitted 3D image sequence because of effectivity of 3D image compression. To improve such problem, in this paper, we perceive the concealment of new information of digital watermarking and conceal information of the other stereo image into three channels of the reference image. So we can watch the image with 3D TV as well as conventional digital TV when it is decoded.

Pupil Distance Measurement for 3D Display Disparity Control (3D 디스플레이 디스페리티 제어를 위한 안간 거리 측정 방법)

  • Park, Ji-hoon;Lee, Jaesung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2013.05a
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    • pp.125-128
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    • 2013
  • The reason why visual fatigue occurs while watching 3D TV is because the left/right images of the fixed disparity are played. This paper proposes a measuring method of pupil distance and the 3D location of a viewer using stereo camera modules, and a reflection method of the data into 3D TV.

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An Explorative Study of R&D Priority based on Needs Attributes Model: Case of SMART TV (니즈속성의 중요성과 시급성에 의한 R&D 우선순위 결정에 관한 탐색 연구: SMART TV를 중심으로)

  • Han, Sung-Soo;Choi, Saesol
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.650-671
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    • 2013
  • Products elicit the consumer's purchasing behavior by satisfying their needs and are cognized as the combination of various needs attributes. Also R&D is referred as a series of technical development activities to meet the consumer's needs attributes. In particular, in the market-oriented R&D era, it could obtain the legitimacy by developing the R&D based on the needs attributes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the priority setting in R&D field, considering consumer's needs attributes. To be concrete, we tried to present the evolutional direction of desirable phased R&D according to 'the importance degree for consumers on the attributes (functions) of the certain products' and 'the urgency degree of technical quality to fulfill its needs'. To achieve this, we targeted SMART TV, the convergence product, which contains the uncertainty in terms of marketability and technological aspect, and analyzed the priority of the R&D in SMART TV field. Based on the result of the analysis, 4-steps product concept (ultra high definition TV, interactive TV, 3D/immersive TV, personalized TV) is derived by analyzing the evolutional direction of R&D in SMART TV field. This finding implies that the success possibilities of product could be enhanced during the process of the evolution of products that have multiple needs attributes, by pursuing the R&D which fulfills the needs attribute first required in the market. In addition, it provides a useful framework to design the R&D roadmap in an aspect of R&D strategy.

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