• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

Each system should have a suitable data model about their purpose for efficiently managing, analyzing, and manipulating data. And the usable range of application is determined by the data model, and suitable data models are being developed for each application. In GIS, diversity spatial data model is being developed too. The accuracy and update of the spatial data would be important for applying efficient application as well as the data modeling is important as constructing the spatial data structure. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to 1)compare domestic spatial data models with oversea spatial data models about their geometry model, topology model and visualizing method of 3D spatial data 2)to compare the features of the data model by analyzing each data structures. We 3)compare and analyze features of each spatial data models via the quantitative analysis of each spatial data models.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.50-54
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• 2009

Recently, many researches have been conducted to develop 3D Indoor/Outdoor Spatial Data Models. The 3D data created based on these data models have complex data structures. In order to manage these data efficiently, it is better to use a DBMS. There have been many researches to maintain the 3D data in Geo-DBMS, such that Oosterom (2002) and Arens (2005) developed a method to store 3D Building model, geometric and topological data of coverage in DBMSa. In this study, we propose a method to store the CityGML data into the RDBMS, Oracle Spatial 11g.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.565-574
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• 2007

Because of most current cadastral systems maintain 2D geometric descriptions of parcels linked to administrative records, the system may not reflect current tendency to use space above and under the surface. The land has been used in multi-levels, e.g. constructions of multi-used complex buildings, subways and infrastructure above/under the ground. This cadastre situation of multilevel use of lands cannot be defined as cadastre objects (2D parcel-based) in the cadastre systems. This trend has requested a new system in which right to land is clearly and indisputably recorded because a right of ownership on a parcel relates to a space in 3D, not any more relates to 2D surface area. Therefore, this article proposes a 3D spatial data model to represent geometrical and topological data of 3D (property) situation on multilevel uses of lands in 3D cadastre systems, and a conceptual 3D cadastral model in Korea to design a conceptual schema for a 3D cadastre. Lastly, this paper presents the results of an experimental implementation of the 3D Cadastre to perform topological analyses based on 3D Network Data Model to identify spatial neighbors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.561-569
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• 2008

Currently, satellite image, aerial image and airborne laser scanning data are mostly used to build 3D image models. However, we are in need of quality 3D image models as current models cannot express topographic and features most elaborately and realistically. When making 3D image models, the model is first built and textures from terrestrial photos are applied to add realistic features to the model. This study analyzed techniques to use photogrammetry and laser scanning data to create a 3D image models with topography, building and statue that emphasize spatial accuracy, delicate depiction and photo-realistic imaging. 3D image models with spatial accuracy and photographic texture were built to be served via 3D image map services systems on the internet. The 3D image models can be used for various purposes, such as daylight and view right analysis, landscape analysis, facility management system.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

VWorld is run by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of South Korea and provides national spatial information, such as aerial images, digital elevation models, and 3D structural models. We propose herein an open platform for 3D spatial information based on WebGL using spatial information from VWorld. WebGL is a web-based graphics library and has the advantage of being compatible with various web browsers. Our open platform is also compatible with various web browsers. Accordingly, it is easily accessible via the VWorld site and uses the three-dimensional (3D) map program. In this study, we describe the proposed platform configuration, and the requests, management, and visualization approaches for VWorld spatial information data. Our aim is to establish an approach that will provide a stable rendering speed even on a low-end personal computer without a graphics processing unit based on a quadtree structure. We expect that users will be able to visualize 3D spatial information through the VWorld open platform, and that the proposed platform will become the basis for various applications.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 2024

In this study, we present a mapping framework for 3D spatial reconstruction of digital twin model using navigation and perception sensors mounted on an Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV). For improving the level of realism of digital twin models, 3D spatial information should be reconstructed as a digitalized spatial model and integrated with the components and system models of the ASV. In particular, for the 3D spatial reconstruction, color and 3D point cloud data which acquired from a camera and a LiDAR sensors corresponding to the navigation information at the specific time are required to map without minimizing the noise. To ensure clear and accurate reconstruction of the acquired data in the proposed mapping framework, a image preprocessing was designed to enhance the brightness of low-light images, and a preprocessing for 3D point cloud data was included to filter out unnecessary data. Subsequently, a point matching process between consecutive 3D point cloud data was conducted using the Generalized Iterative Closest Point (G-ICP) approach, and the color information was mapped with the matched 3D point cloud data. The feasibility of the proposed mapping framework was validated through a field data set acquired from field experiments in a inland water environment, and its results were described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

3D Spatial Data, namely 3D Urban CG model express the building, road, river in virtual world and accumulate, manage the data in the GIS system. It is important infrastructure which expected in many usages. Recently 3D CG urban model needs much manual effort, time and costs to build them. In this paper, we introduce the integration of GIS, CG and automatic production of the $\lceil$3D Spatial Data Infrastructure$\rfloor$. This system make filtering, divide the polygon, generate the outlines of the GIS building map, design the graphic and property information and finally make automatic 3D CG models.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.153-155
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• 2003

Laser scanning has become a viable technique for the collection of a large amount of accurate 3D point data densely distributed on the scanned object surface. The inherent 3D nature of the sub-randomly distributed point cloud provides abundant spatial information. To explore valuable spatial information from laser scanned data becomes an active research topic, for instance extracting digital elevation model, building models, and vegetation volumes. The sub-randomly distributed point cloud should be segmented and classified before the extraction of spatial information. This paper investigates some exist segmentation methods, and then proposes an octree-based split-and-merge segmentation method to divide lidar data into clusters belonging to 3D planes. Therefore, the classification of lidar data can be performed based on the derived attributes of extracted 3D planes. The test results of both ground and airborne lidar data show the potential of applying this method to extract spatial features from lidar data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

For spatial analysis and decision-making based on territorial and urban information, technologies on 3D GIS with digital image data and photo-realistic 3D image models to visualize 3D modeling are being rapidly developed. Currently, satellite images, aerial images and aerial LiDAR data are mostly used to build 3D models and textures from oblique aerial photographs or terrestrial photographs are used to create 3D image models. However, we are in need of quality 3D image models as current models cannot express topographic and features most elaborately and realistically. Thus, this study analyzed techniques to use aerial photographs, aerial LiDAR, terrestrial photographs and terrestrial LiDAR to create a 3D image model with artificial features and special topographic that emphasize spatial accuracy, delicate depiction and photo-realistic imaging. A 3D image model with spatial accuracy and photographic texture was built to be served via 3D image map services systems on the Internet. As it was necessary to consider intended use and display scale when building 3D image models, in this study, we applied the concept of LoD(Level of Detail) to define 3D image model of buildings in five levels and established the models by following the levels.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.581-592
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• 2017

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a method of expressing objects in a space. Currently, many research and developments are being conducted to implement 3D GIS. In previous studies, 3D GIS applications have been developed using Unity 3D, which is a 3D engine with good development accessibility. However, it requires manual work to enter various formats of GIS data, making it difficult to immediately reflect GIS data that change frequently. To improve this problem, this study developed a method for automatically reading and outputting various GIS data from the existing Unity 3D application. The improved application could read Satellite Images, Aerial Photographs, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and Shapefiles with no transformation through other commercial programs, and they could be implemented as 3D objects. This study automated the GIS data conversion which had been manually performed and as a result, the manpower, time, and resources required for 3D GIS implementation can be saved.