• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 1985

A number of sedative alkaloids were isolated from Sanjoin(酸棗仁), the seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris Lamark var. spinosus Bunge (Rhamnaceae) which is an important Chinese medicinal material used to treat insomnia and sometimes to treat sleepiness. Those compounds were designated as Sanjoinine-A, B, C, D, etc. depending on the order of increasing polarity. Sanjoinine-A, $C_{31}H_{42}N_4O_4$, $mp\;249^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{27}_D-316$, Sanjoinine-B, $C_{30}H_{40}N_4O_4$, $mp\;212{\sim}4^{\circ}$, Sanjoinene, $C_{29}H_{35}N_3O_4$, $mp\;281{\sim}2^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-272$, Sanjoinine-D, $C_{32}H_{46}N_4O_5$, $mp\;256{\sim}8^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-53.6$, Sanjoinine-F, $C_{31}H_{42}N_4O_5$, $mp\;228{\sim}9^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-215$, and $Sanjoinine-G_1,\;C_{31}H_{44}N_4O_5,\;mp\;236{\sim}8^{\circ},\;[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-68.6$, were found as 14-membered cyclic peptide alkaloids, $Sanjoinine-G_2,\;C_{30}H_{42}N_4O_4,\;mp\;182^{\circ},\;[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-79.2$, as being open chain peptide alkaloid, and Sanjoinine-E, $C_{19}H_{21}NO_2$, $mp\;166^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-146.2$, N-Methylasimilobine, $C_{18}H_{19}NO_2$, $mp\;193{\sim}5^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-204$, Sanjoinine-Ia, $C_{18}H_{19}NO_2$, $mp\;155{\sim}7^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-140$, Sanjoinine-Ib, $C_{19}H_{21}NO_4$, $mp\;184^{\circ}$, Sanjoinine-K, $C_{16}H_{19}NO_3$, $mp\;159{\sim}61^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+35$, Caaverine, $C_{17}H_{17}NO_2$, $mp\;204^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-80$, and Zizyphusine, $C_{20}H_{24}NO_4$, $mp\;214{\sim}6^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+317$ as being aporphine alkaloids. The heat treatment of the cyclic peptide alkaloids produced their isomeric products which showed enhanced sedative activity. The chemical structure of the isomeric products will be discussed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

Recent TSV based 3D Integrated Circuit (IC) technology needs more powerful thermal management techniques. However, because cooling cost and form factor are restricted, thermal management are emphasis on software based techniques. But in case of throttling thermal management which one of the most candidate technique, increasing bus occupation induce total performance decrease. To solve communication bottleneck issue in TSV based 3D SoC, we proposed adaptive throttling technique Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve throughput by about 72% compare with minimal path routing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.64-71
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• 2013

In this study we designed a lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) model with $GT-POWER^{TM}$ program and then the LNT model was compared to the bench flow reactor test results. This model consists of 9 kinetic reactions to represent the main steps of NO oxidation, $NO_x$ adsorption, $NO_x$ release and then its reduction. The comparison was performed on the operating conditions at the space velocity of 50,000 1/hr and 80,000 1/hr with the temperature range of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with the even spaced temperature step of $50^{\circ}C$. The experimental results show that the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency was enhanced by the temperature up to $350^{\circ}C$ and then decayed at higher temperatures. The LNT model predicts the similar trend of the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency to the experimental results below $350^{\circ}C$, but overestimates above $350^{\circ}C$. This overestimation comes from the higher reduction efficiency which was obtained by the different reduction gas composition such as $C_3H_6$ in the model to replace $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$ in the bench test.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2017

The cause of yield reduction in a collector well, which is located in Anseong-cheon watershed in Kyunggi province, is studied by using aquifer sediments' composition and hydraulic conductivity near four horizontal wells, no. 1, no. 4, no. 6, and no. 7 wells. During test-pumping periods, groundwater yield is reduced with a trend of $12.4m^3/d/d$ at no. 1, $2.3m^3/d/d$ at no. 4, $24.4m^3/d/d$ at no. 6, and $187.3m^3/d/d$ at no. 7 and no. 7 well shows the biggest reduction. The sediments along no. 7 horizontal well have low hydraulic conductivity and high coefficient of uniformity ($C_u$), and a deviation of $C_u$ along the well is also large. This characteristics can bring the fine particles' movement and make the openings filled. Additionally, high iron ($Fe^{2+}$) content results in a precipitation of iron hydroxides during pumping or injection and they can produce a clogging in sediments. In the future study, the analysis of physical and hydrochemical changes through a long-term pumping procedure will give a more exact interpretation for the cause of yield reduction.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.507-513
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the shelf life of beef stored in antimicrobial pottery during 12days storage at 4'C and Five kinds of antimicrobial potteries were prepared with antimicrobial materials such as TiO$_2$, Ag (NO$_3$)$_2$, Cu(NO$_3$)$_2$ and Zn(NO$_3$)$_2$. In changes of color during storage, Hunter's L- and b-value of beef were not changed, but Hunter's a-value was low significantly. The pH of beef meats were low at 6 days, but were added from 6 days. TBA value of beef in "A" pottery containing TiO$_2$ 1% and "C" Pottery containing TiO$_2$ 0.5%, Cu(NO$_3$)$_2$ were lower than "B", "D" and "I" pottery. VBN contents of beef in "A", "B", "C", "D" and "I" Pottery stored during 12 days were 9.8, 12.5, 9.3, 11.9 and 13.7mg%, respectively. In changes of total plate count of beef during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, the antimicrobial activity of "A" and "C" pottery were superior.g storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, the antimicrobial activity of "A" and "C" pottery were superior.ttery were superior.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2002

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn(NO₃)₂6H₂O with benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (or isophthalic acid, 1,3-BDCH₂) and pyridine led to the formation of a 1-dimensional coordination polymer with the empirical formula of [Zn₄(1,3-BDC)₃(Py)₂(O/sup 2-/)] (1). On the other hand, the hydrothermal reaction of Tb(NO₃)₃5H₂O with benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (or isophthalic acid, 1,3-BDCH₂) and pyridine gave a 3-D compound [Tb₃(1,3-BDC)₂(H₂O₃] (2). The structures of both compounds have been determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinlc space group P2₁/n, a = 10.344(3) Å, b = 18.030(3) Å, c = 18.033(3) Å, = 90.46(2)°, V = 3363.1(13) ,ų, Z = 4. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/n, a = 22.253(5) Å, b = 18.672(4) Å, c = 11.5812 Å, = 101.40(2)°, V = 4717.3(21) ų, Z = 8.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 1973

These experiments were carried out to study influences of the kind of yeasts and of brewing condition on fermentation of Takjoo mash. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Kind of yeasts and the number of yeasts in mash. When the first stage mash was fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for $1.5{\sim}2.5$ days and at $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ for $1{\sim}2days$, in the second stage mash that was fermented at high temperature, the number of yeasts was less as compared with the case of fermentation at low temperature, but the living yeasts number of Takjoo yeast strain Dm-1 was more than those of sake yeast, strain No. 7. 2. Kind of yeasts and composition of ripened mash. 1) In the secondstage mash that was fermented at high temperature($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$), alcohol percentage of ripened mash using the selected Takjoo yeasts (strains: Dm-1, Y-1) was remarkably higher than the case of another yeasts (strains: No.7, No.6, No. 396, No. 1). 2) Acidity of mash had a little differences between strain Dm-1 and strain No. 7. 3) In the second stage mash that was fermented at high temperature ($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$), the amount of Formol-N using strain Dm-1 was remarkably less than strain No.7. 3. Brewing condition and alcohol percentage of mash. 1) The fit amount of wheat bran Kuk addition per material was 3 percentage and it was adequate to use the mixture of wheat flour Kuk 20 percentage and wheat bran Kuk 1-2 percentage. 2) Though brewing concentration of the first stage mash was duiluted by twice of general brewing concentration, the yeast reproduction was normal. 3) In addition of wheat flour $80{\sim}140g$ per 180ml water, alcohol percentage of the mash increased almost propotionally according to the increase of the amount of wheat flour. 4) It was recognized that three stage brewing was superior in method to two stage brewing at present.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 1975

Out of 96 yeast strains isolated from various natural habitats, five strains were screened based on their ability to ferment agricultural biproducts such as rice-, barley-and wheat-bran, and sawdust. These were identified as Hansenula anomala var anomala, Candide utilis, C. pelliculosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Irpex lacteus. Using these yeasts the above mentioned agricultural biproducts were fermented in various combinations. The fermented product was fed to 180 male Starcroses for eight weeks and obtained a body weight increase of 15.1g a day, while the unfermented control feed increased 10.5g a day.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.348-357
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (${\mu}TBS$) of four luting resin to regional dentin of human primary teeth. Dentin from non-carious primary molars were prepared from different regions (s, superficial dentin; d, deep dentin; c, cervical dentin), and divided into groups based on anatomical locations and types of luting resins (Scotchbond Multi-purpose : SB ; One-Step : OS ; AdheSE Bond : ASE ; G-Bond : GB) : SB-s, SB-d, SB-c; OS-s, OS-d, OS-c; ASE-s, ASE-d, ASE-c ; GB-s, GB-d, GB-c. Luting resins were used according to the manufacturers' instructions, to bond $Light-Core^{TM}$ Core Build-Up Composite) to the exposed dentin specimens in the light-curing mode. After storage for 1 day, ${\mu}TBS$ was tested at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with T-test and two-way ANOVA. The bonding interface and fractography analyses were performed with SEM. The results were as follows : 1. ${\mu}TBS$ to superficial dentin was significantly higher than to deep dentin for SB(p<0.05). But there were no significant differences in regional ${\mu}TBS$ among OS, ASE, GB(p>0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in ${\mu}TBS$ to superficial dentin among each groups. But, in deep dentin, ${\mu}TBS$ of SB-d was significantly lower than those of OS-d, ASE-d, and GB-d(p<0.05). ${\mu}TBS$ of OS-d was significantly higher than those of GB-d(p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in ${\mu}TBS$ of ASEd. There were no significant differences among ${\mu}TBS$ of ASE-d, OS-d, and GB-d.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.815-827
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• 2019

It is well known that the denominator of the Dedekind sum s(c, d) divides 2 gcd(d, 3)d and that no smaller denominator independent of c can be expected. In contrast, here we prove that we usually get a smaller denominator in S(H, d), the sum of the s(c, d)'s over all the c's in a subgroup H of order n > 1 in the multiplicative group $(\mathbb{Z}/d\mathbb{Z})^*$. First, we prove that for p > 3 a prime, the sum 2S(H, p) is a rational integer of the same parity as (p-1)/2. We give an application of this result to upper bounds on relative class numbers of imaginary abelian number fields of prime conductor. Finally, we give a general result on the denominator of S(H, d) for non necessarily prime d's. We show that its denominator is a divisor of some explicit divisor of 2d gcd(d, 3).