• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권2D호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 부산시 위험도로 구조개선 사업을 통하여 도로 개선효과를 알아보고, AHP 기법을 이용하여 교통사고 저감 대책 의사결정 선호도를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 위험도로 구조개선 사업 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 교통사고 건수 및 사상자 수가 전체적으로 감소하였으며, 특히 중앙분리대 설치로 인한 무단횡단 및 중앙선 침범사고가 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 위험도로 구조개선 사업에 따른 교통사고 저감대책을 위한 우선순위를 산정하였다. 자료조사 및 분석방법은 교통전문가 설문 및 AHP기법을 활용하였다. AHP 계층구조의 대분류 평가항목으로는 토목시설공 지표와 교통시설공 지표로 제시하였다. 소분류 평가항목으로는 토목시설공 지표에 6가지, 교통시설공 지표에는 4가지 항목으로 각각 구성되었다. 본 연구 결과, 교통전문가들은 교통시설공 지표보다 토목시설공 지표를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 지표별 상위 2개 항목이 전체의 50%이상을 차지하였다. 또한 검증을 통한 최종평가항목 중 토목시설공 지표의 상위 3개 항목이 전체 55.38%로 절반 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 위험도로 구조개선 사업에 따른 공사는 교통사고 및 사상자를 크게 감소하여 비용면에서도 큰 효과를 나타냈다. 이런 점을 감안 할 때 지자체에서는 교통사고 저감대책 시기초 자료로 활용해야 할 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2022

본 연구는 정상 가동 중에도 회전수가 변하는 기기의 이상 및 고장 진단 방안을 다루고 있다. 회전수가 변함에 따라 비정상적 시계열 특성을 내포한 센서 데이터에 기계학습을 적용할 수 있는 절차를 제시하고자 하였다. 기계학습으로는 k-Nearest Neighbor(k-NN), Support Vector Machine(SVM), Random Forest을 사용하여 이상 및 고장 진단을 수행하였다. 또한 진단 정확성을 비교할 목적으로 이상 감지에 오토인코더, 고장진단에는 합성곱 기반의 Conv1D도 추가로 이용하였다. 비정상적 시계열로부터 통계 및 주파수 속성으로 구성된 시계열 특징 벡터를 추출하고, 추출된 특징 벡터에 정규화 및 차원 축소 기법을 적용하였다. 특징 벡터의 선택과 정규화, 차원 축소 여부에 따라 달라지는 기계학습의 진단 정확도를 비교하였다. 또한, 적용된 학습 알고리즘 별로 초매개변수 최적화 과정과 적층 구조를 설명하였다. 최종적으로 기존의 심층학습과 비교하여, 기계학습도 가변 회전기기의 고장을 정확하게 진단할 수 있는 절차를 제시하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권4D호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 하부지반의 개량없이 경량기포혼합토 공법(슬러지 단위중량 $10kN/m^3$)을 적용하여 하중을 경감함으로서 단시간에 확폭시공된 도로성토체에 대한 연구로 일축압축강도, 모관상승고, 침하량 등이 검토되었다. 시공 후 각각 1개월과 5개월 경과 후 샘플링 된 공시체에 대한 일축압축강도시험 결과 모든 공시체가 목표일축압축강도인 500kPa을 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 공시체의 샘플링 위치에 따라 값에 차이가 발생하는 것으로 보아 전 구간에 걸쳐 균질하게 경량기포혼합토가 시공되었다고는 볼 수 없을 것 같다. 또한 현장코어와 실험실 공시체의 일축압축강도를 비교해보면 약 19%정도 강도 차이가 발생되므로 이를 고려한 배합설계가 요구된다. 모관상승고 시험 결과 70시간동안 20cm 가까이 모관상승이 발생되었는데, 이것은 경량기포혼합토 내에 미세한 공극이 존재하기 때문이다. 도로 개통 후 전달하중에 의한 하부 연약지반의 시간 경과에 따른 압밀침하관계는 현장에서 측정 되어진 계측결과(1.5cm 침하)를 이용하여 압축지수와 압밀계수를 재평가하여 정규압밀 점토의 1차원 압밀이론을 이용하여 산정한 결과 현재 연약지반의 평균압밀도는 32%로 나타났다. 120개월 후 예상되는 최종침하량이 약 4.5cm로 침하량 허용기준 10cm에 훨씬 못 미치는 거동을 보일 것으로 판단된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1066-1070
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• 2003

Recently technologies have created new principle and theory but the PID control system remains its popularity as the PID controller contains simple structure, including maintenance and parameter adjustment being so simple. Thus, this paper proposes auto tune PID by fuzzy logic controller based on FPGA which to achieve real time and small size circuit board. The digital PID controller design to consist of analog to digital converter which use chip TDA8763AM/3 (10 bit high-speed low power ADC), digital to analog converter which use two chip DAC08 (8 bit digital to analog converters) and fuzzy logic tune digital PID processor embedded on chip FPGA XC2S50-5tq-144. The digital PID processor was designed by fundamental PID equation which architectures including multiplier, adder, subtracter and some other logic gate. The fuzzy logic tune digital PID was designed by look up table (LUT) method which data storage into ROM refer from trial and error process. The digital PID processor verified behavior by the application program ModelSimXE. The result of simulation when input is units step and vary controller gain ($K_p$, $K_i$ and $K_d$) are similarity with theory of PID and maximum execution time is 150 ns/action at frequency are 30 MHz. The fuzzy logic tune digital PID controller based on FPGA was verified by control model of level control system which can control level into model are correctly and rapidly. Finally, this design use small size circuit board and very faster than computer and microcontroller.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

Experimental and analytical researches have been conducted on the twin-fluid atomizers for better droplet breakup during the past decades. But, the studies on the disintegration mechanism still present a great challenge to understand the drop behavior and breakup structure. In an effort to describe the aerodynamic behavior of the sprays issuing from the internal mixing counter-swirling nozzle, the spatial distribution of axial (U) radial (V) and tangential (W) components of droplet velocities are investigated across the radial distance at several axial locations of Z=30, 50, 80, 120 and 170mm, respectively. Experiments were conducted for the liquid flow rates which was kept constant at 7.95 g/s and the air injection pressures were varied from 20 kPa to 140 kPa. Counter-swirling internal mixing nozzles manufactured at angles of $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ the central axis with axi-symmetric tangential-drilled holes was considered. The distributions of velocities and turbulence intensities are comparatively analyzed. PDPA is installed to specify spray flows, which have been conducted along the axial downstream distance from the nozzle exit. Ten thousand of sampling data was collected at each point with time limits of 30 second. 3-D automatic traversing system is used to control the exact measurement. It is observed that the sprays with all swirl angle have the maximum SMD for on air injection pressure of 20 kPa and 140 kPa with centerline, respectively. The nozzle with swirl angle of $60^{\circ}$ has vest performance.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1996

난지도 매립장의 매립물 특성과 지하구조를 파악하기 위해서 난지도 매립장 상부에서 슐럼버져 전기비저항 탐사와 동일송수신기 배열 시간영역 전자탐사를 실시하였다. 또한 6개의 측점에서는 두가지 탐사를 함께 실시하여 지하구조 해석 결과의 신뢰도를 높이고자 하였다. 전기탐사와 시간영역 전자탐사로부터 구한 지하구조 모델은 서로 상당히 일치하는 양상을 보인다. 매립장의 전기비저항 구조는 천부에 높은 전기 비저항을 보이는 표층 아래에 낮은 비저항층이 존재하며, 저비저항층 하부에 다시 고비저항층이 존재하는 양상을 보인다. 중간층의 저비저항은 매립물의 분해와 강수의 유입에 의해 생성된 것으로 보이며, 하부의 고비저항층은 난지도 지역의 기반암을 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 이상의 결과는 매립장 및 주변지역에서 실시된 슐럼버져 전기탐사 및 쌍극자배열 전기탐사의 결과와도 잘 대비된다. 매립장의 저비저항층이 기반암이 존재하는 것으로 생각되는 깊이까지 발달하고 있고, 난지도 지역에 오염물질의 수직이동을 막을 수 있는 불투수성 지층이 존재하지 않는 점을 고려할 때, 매립장에서 생성된 오염물질은 난지도 매립장 지하의 지하수로 바로 유입되는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to develop cooperative learning lesson plan for middle school home economics class and to identify the effect of cooperative learning on students\` self-esteem. The content of lesson was chosen from the food and nutrition section of home economics textbooks for middle school. The main structure of the lesson plan stems from $\boxDr$Lesson Plan Guide of Structuring Cooperative Learning Lesson Plan for Teachers$\boxUl$ by D. Johnson. R Johnson and E. Holubec. Various kinds of references including media reading materials cooperative group activity reports and cooperative group activity checking lists were newly developed according to the content of lesson. Eight hour lesson plans were developed and applied to 2nd grade middle school students and pre-test and post-test were taken to test the effect of Johnson\`s cooperative learning method on students\` self-esteem. Students at a Middle School located in Seoul were divided into two grouts, the three classes as experimental group and the other three classes as control group. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN program. As a result, the hypothesis that the degree of self-esteem of the experimental group is higher than that of control group was adopted (P.(001). Among the sub-factors of self -esteem. the global self-esteem and the social-peer self-esteem scores of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group(p.(001 each). but the school-academic self-esteem score was not different (p> .05) According to the post-experiment free-style report. student as a dynamic subject could get initiatives and interests in home economics class more effectively by cooperative learning. Therefore, it could be said that cooperative learning has positive effect on the promotion of students\` self-esteem and is considered to be a good teaching method of home economics subject.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2000년도 International Symposium on Bioinformatics
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• pp.56-58
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• 2000

Post-genomics may be defined in different ways depending on how one views the challenges after the genome. A popular view is to follow the concept of the central dogma in molecular biology, namely from genome to transcriptome to proteome. Projects are going on to analyze gene expression profiles both at the mRNA and protein levels and to catalog protein 3D structure families, which will no doubt help the understanding of information in the genome. However complete, such catalogs of genes, RNAs, and proteins only tell us about the building blocks of life. They do not tell us much about the wiring (interaction) of building blocks, which is essential for uncovering systemic functional behaviors of the cell or the organism. Thus, an alternative view of post-genomics is to go up from the molecular level to the cellular level, and to understand, what I call, the "interactome"or a complete picture of molecular interactions in the cell. KEGG (http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/) is our attempt to computerize current knowledge on various cellular processes as a collection of "generalized"protein-protein interaction networks, to develop new graph-based algorithms for predicting such networks from the genome information, and to actually reconstruct the interactomes for all the completely sequenced genomes and some partial genomes. During the reconstruction process, it becomes readily apparent that certain pathways and molecular complexes are present or absent in each organism, indicating modular structures of the interactome. In addition, the reconstruction uncovers missing components in an otherwise complete pathway or complex, which may result from misannotation of the genome or misrepresentation of the KEGG pathway. When combined with additional experimental data on protein-protein interactions, such as by yeast two-hybrid systems, the reconstruction possibly uncovers unknown partners for a particular pathway or complex. Thus, the reconstruction is tightly coupled with the annotation of individual genes, which is maintained in the GENES database in KEGG. We are also trying to expand our literature surrey to include in the GENES database most up-to-date information about gene functions.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the stride-to-stride variability between two treadmill conditions; traditional treadmill and special treadmill whose speed can be adjusted automatically by subject's walking speed. Eight male subjects (25.1 years, 172.7 cm, 66.6 kg) were participated in treadmill walking experiment. First, preferred walking speed (PWS) of each subject was determined. Second, each subject performed walking experiment with fixed PWS condition and with free PWS condition for 10 minutes. 3D motion capture system (Motion analysis Corp., USA) with 6 cameras was used to collect motion data with sampling frequency of 120Hz. Temporal and spatial variables for stride-to-stride variability were calculated. Coefficient of variance (CV) which quantifies the amount of variability and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) which explains the structure (self-similarity) of the variability were used for analysis. Results showed that the amount of variability during free PWS condition was greater than that of fixed PWS condition. DFA results showed that there was a statistical difference between two treadmill conditions for the variables of step length, stance time, and double support time. From these results, it is possible that traditional treadmill study might give incorrect conclusion about gait variability study. Further study is necessary to clarify these matters by considering the number of subjects, experimental time, and gait variables for the study of stride-to-stride variability.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2007

A space launch vehicle system represents a typical example of large-scale multi-disciplinary systems, consisting of subsystems such as mechanical structure, electronics, control, telecommunication, propulsion, material engineering etc. A lot of cost is required to develop the launch vehicle system. A precise planning of R&D cost is very essential to make a success of the launch vehicle development program. Especially in the early development phase of a new space launch vehicle system, cost estimation techniques and analogy from past similar development data are very useful methods to estimate a development cost of the launch vehicle system. Now Korea Aerospace Research Institute is in charge of the KSLV-I (Korea Space Launch Vehicle-I) Program that is a part of Korea National Space program. KSLV-I Program is a national undertaking to develop launch capabilities to deliver science satellites of a 100kg-class into a low earth orbit. It is hereafter, going to plan to develop a new korean space launch vehicle. In this paper, first the development costs of well-known launch vehicles in the world are presented to provide a reference to make a development plan of a new launch vehicle. Second this paper introduces the present status of cost estimation applications at NASA. Finally this paper presents the results from application of a TRANSCOST, a parametric cost model, to derive a cost estimate of a new launch vehicle development, as an example.