• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2002

This paper proposes a new approach for digital watermarking and secure copyright protection of video. the principal aim being to discourage illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. The method presented here is based on the three dimensional discrete wavelet transform of video scene. The watermark is a copyright information encoded in the form of a spread spectrum signal to ensure the system security and is embedded in the 3D DWT magnitude of video chunks. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated experimentally.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.9C
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• pp.939-948
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• 2005

In EBCOT, the context extraction process takes excessive calculation time and this paper proposed a method to reduce this calculation time. That is, if a coefficient is less than a pre-defined threshold value the coefficient and its descendents skip the context extraction process. There is a trade-off relationship between the calculation time and the image quality or the amount of output data such that as this threshold value increases, the calculation time and the amount of output data decreases, but the image degradation increases. Therefore, by deciding this threshold value according to the network environments or conditions, it is possible to establish a network-adaptive context extraction method. The experimental results showed that the range of the threshold values for acceptable image quality(better than 30dB) is from 0 to 4. The experimental results showed that in this range the Resulting reduction rate in calculation time was from $3\%\;to\;64\%$ in average, the reduction rate in output data was from $32\%$ to $73\%$ in average, which means that large reduction in calculation time and output data can be obtained with a cost of an acceptable image quality degradation. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to be used efficiently in the application area such as the real-time image/video data communication in wireless environments, etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2C
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• pp.130-138
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• 2006

In this paper, a new stereo image watermarking scheme based-on adaptive disparity estimation algorithm is proposed. That is, a watermark image is embedded into the right image of a stereo image pair by using the DWT and disparity information is extracted from this watermarked right image and the left image. And then, both of this extracted disparity information and the left image are transmitted to the recipient through the communication channel. At the receiver, the watermarked right image is reconstructed from the received left image and disparity information through an adaptive matching algorithm. a watermark image is finally extracted from this reconstructed right image. From some experiments using CCETT's 'Manege' and 'Friends' images as a stereo image and English alphabet '3DRC' as a watermark image, it is found that the PSNRs of the watermarked image from the reconstructed right images through the adaptive matching algorithm & DWT is improved 2.03 dB, 3.03 dB and robusted against various attacks. These experimental results also suggest a possibility of practical implementation of an adaptive matching also-rithm-based stereo imagewatermarking scheme proposed in this paper.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.503-512
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• 2017

Over the past few years, as maritime trade and traffic were highly expanding, problem of invasive species via ballast water have been raised. In 1988, Canada and Australia had firstly experience that unexpected and hazardous species were observed on their own sea, they have issued the problem to MEPC under the IMO. At the end of many years of discussion, on the diplomatic conference in 13 Feb. 2004, "International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments of the Ship" was adopted. Requirements for entering into force of this Convention is that 30 countries ratify and world merchant marine fleet is more than 35% and BWM Convention will be effected after 12months from date satisfying conditions. With Finland ratifying the BWM Convention on 8 Sep. 2016, the fleet amounted to 35.1441% and ratification country became 52 countries. Therefore, after 12month, BWM Convention will be formally effected on 8 Sep. 2017. Ballast Water Treatment System is to be fitted in new ships as well as existing ships. Thus, there are concerns of ship owners to be suitably installed a variety typed BWTS in many kinds of vessels. As approaching for resolving these problems, engineering analysis was carried out research studies and detailed design to analyze to optimal installation space for retrofitting a BWTS using 3D Scanning method, targeting representative DWT 180K Bulk carrier of dry cargo vessels charged more 40% on worldwide vessel and mainly two type BWTS as electrolysis treatment type and ultra violet treatment type. Optimal design of 3D Scanning technology was applied to analyze four step process and the overall conclusion was described in this paper.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

In this paper, a new video watermarking algorithm using 3D wavelet transform and position encoding of spread spectrum correlation is proposed as a method for ensuring enough payload in order to protect copyright for video contents. This algorithm provides better robustness than other watermarking methods in bit error and rotation because it uses the position encoding and $4{\times}4$ sample space instead of $1{\times}1$ pixel to express a digit. The evaluation result over 6 video clips shows that the PSNR is over 31dB at strength 11 when histogram is narrow and it satisfies the transparency. Also, it shows the robustness of the proposed watermark algorithm that the BER is 0% to three codecs.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2011

The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) had developed the Common Structural Rules (CSR) for bulk carriers as per the needs noted above. ISO and IMO GBS (Goal-Based Standards) are now being developed in this regard. This study has been prepared to verity the strength of forward cargo hold of 82,000 DWT class bulk carriers. A cargo hold/tank 3-D FE model was established to assess the structural adequacy of the primary structural members with the loading conditions. Full breadth model was established for the analysis considering asymmetric nature of structural layout and loading conditions. To summarize this result of structural assessment based on IACS CRS for bulk carrier, it is benefit to design this kind of bulk carriers and to study the strength assessment for the similar type of bulk carriers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed a robust object extraction and tracking algorithm in the IR image sequence acquired in the sea environment. In order to extract size-invariant object, we detect horizontal and vertical edges by using DWT and combine it to generate saliency map. To extract object region, binarization technique is applied to saliency map. The correspondences between objects in consecutive frames are defined by the calculating minimum weighted Euclidean distance as a matching measure. Finally, object trajectories are determined by considering false correspondences such as entering object, vanishing objects and false object and so on. The proposed algorithm can find trajectories robustly, which has shown by experimental results.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.665-676
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• 2017

Over the past several years, sea trade have increased traffic by ships which highlighted a problem of unwanted species invading the surrounding seas through ship's ballast water discharge. Maritime trade volume has continuously increased worldwide and the problem still exists. The respective countries are spending billions of dollars in an effort to clean up the contamination and prevent pollution. As part of an effort to solve marine environmental problem, BWM(Ballast Water Management) convention was adopted at a diplomatic conference on Feb. 13 2004. In order to comply harmoniously this convention by each country. This convention will be effective after 12 months from the date which 30 countries ratified accounting for more than 35% of the world merchant shipping volume. On Sep. 8 2016, Finland ratified this convention and effective condition was satisfied as 52 states and world merchant vessel fleet 35.1441%. Thus, after Sep. 8 2017, all existing vessels shall be equipped with BWTS(Ballast Water Treatment System) in accordance with D-2 Regulation, which physically handles ballast water from ballast water exchange system(D-1 Regulation). In this study, we analyzed in detail the optimal design method using the Risk Analysis and Evaluation technique which is mainly used in the manufacturing factory or the risky work site comparing with the traditional design concept method applying various criteria. The Risk Assessment Method is a series of processes for finding the Risk Factors in the design process, analyzing a probility of the accident and size of the accident and then quantifying the Risk Incidence and finally taking measures. In this study, this method was carried out for Electrolysis treatment type on DWT 180K Bulk Carrier using "HAZOP Study" method among various methods. In the Electrolysis type, 63 hazardous elements were identified.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

In this paper, a low-complexity embedded compression (EC) Codec algorithm for the wavelet video coder is applied to reduce excessive external memory requirements. The EC algorithm is used to achieve a fixed compression ratio of 50 % under the near-lossless-compression constraint. The EC technique can reduce the 50 % memory requirement for intermediate low-frequency coefficients during multiple discrete wavelet transform stages compared with direct implementation of the wavelet video encoder of this paper. Furthermore, the EC scheme based on a forward adaptive quantization and fixed length coding can save bandwidth and size of buffer between DWT and SPIHT to 50 %. Simulation results show that our EC algorithm present only PSNR degradation of 0.179 and 0.162 dB in average when the target bit-rate of the video coder are 1 and 0.5 bpp, respectively.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.446-457
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• 2017

In order to reduce the size of frame memory or bus bandwidth, frame memory compression (FMC) recompresses reconstructed or reference frames of video codecs. This paper proposes a novel FMC design based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) - set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which supports fine-scalable throughput and is area-efficient. In the proposed design, multi-cores with small block sizes are used in parallel instead of a single core with a large block size. In addition, an appropriate pipelining schedule is proposed. Compared to the previous design, the proposed design achieves the processing speed which is closer to the target system speed, and therefore it is more efficient in hardware utilization. In addition, a scheme in which two passes of SPIHT are merged into one pass called merged refinement pass (MRP) is proposed. As the number of shifters decreases and the bit-width of remained shifters is reduced, the size of SPIHT hardware significantly decreases. The proposed FMC encoder and decoder designs achieve the throughputs of 4,448 and 4,000 Mpixels/s, respectively, and their gate counts are 76.5K and 107.8K. When the proposed design is applied to high efficiency video codec (HEVC), it achieves 1.96% lower average BDBR and 0.05 dB higher average BDPSNR than the previous FMC design.