• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2022

In this paper, we implemented cloud rendering using WebRTC for high-quality AR and VR services. Cloud rendering is an applied technology of cloud computing. It efficiently handles the rendering of large volumes of 3D content. The conventional VR and AR service is a method of downloading 3D content. The download time is delayed as the 3D content capacity increases. Cloud rendering is a streaming method according to the user's point of view. Therefore, stable service is possible regardless of the 3D content capacity. In this paper, we implemented cloud rendering using WebRTC and analyzed its performance. We compared latency of 100MB, 300MB, and 500MB 3D AR content in 100Mbps and 300Mbps internet environments. As a result of the analysis, cloud rendering showed stable latency regardless of data volume. On the other hand, the conventional method showed an increase in latency as the data volume increased. The results of this paper quantitatively evaluate the stability of cloud rendering. This is expected to contribute to high-quality VR and AR services

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2023

In recent years, with the rapid development of real-time rendering technology, the quality of the images produced by real-time rendering has been improving, and its application scope has been expanded from games to animation and advertising and other fields. This paper analyses the development status of real-time rendering technology in 3D animation by investigating the 3D animation market in China, which concludes that the number of 3D animations in China has been increasing over the past 20 years, and the number of 3D animations using real-time rendering has been increasing year by year and exceeds that of 3D animations using offline rendering. In this study, a real-time rendering and offline rendering 3D animation are selected respectively to observe the screen effect of characters, special effects and environment props, and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the two rendering technologies, and finally conclude that there is not much difference between real-time rendering 3D animation and offline rendering 3D animation in terms of quality and the overall sense of view, and due to the real-time rendering of the characteristics of the WYSIWYG, the animation designers can better focus on the creation of art performance. Real-time rendering technology has a good development prospect and potential in 3D animation, which paves the way for designers to create 3D content more efficiently.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2023

3D content rendering is one of the important factors that give a sense of realism when creating content, and this process takes a lot of time. In this paper, we proposed a method to improve rendering performance by reducing the vast amount of 3D data in the web environment, and conducted a performance test using DEM and 3D model elevation data. As a result of the experiment, the digital elevation model showed faster performance than the Blender-based 3D modeling, but when the screen was moved using OrbitControl, the fps dropped momentarily. In the case of Terrain, if the range is limited to a speed that maintains 24 to 60 fps using frustum culling and LOD techniques, it is considered that a higher quality map can be produced than GeoTIFF.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1085-1094
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• 2016

In this work, we present interactive automultiscopic content with mobile surface haptics for multimodal interaction. Our system consists of a 40-view automultiscopic display and a tablet supporting surface haptics in an immersive room. Animated graphics are projected onto the walls of the room. The 40-view automultiscopic display is placed at the center of the front wall. The haptic tablet is installed at the mobile station to enable the user to interact with the tablet. The 40-view real-time rendering and multiplexing technology is applied by establishing virtual cameras in the convergence layout. Surface haptics rendering is synchronized with three-dimensional (3D) objects on the display for real-time haptic interaction. We conduct an experiment to evaluate user experiences of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the system's multimodal interaction provides positive user experiences of immersion, control, user interface intuitiveness, and 3D effects.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.969-979
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• 2013

Various simulation applications for hair, clothing, and makeup of a 3D avatar can provide more useful information to users before they select a hairstyle, clothes, or cosmetics. To enhance their reality, the shapes, textures, and colors of the avatars should be similar to those found in the real world. For a more realistic 3D avatar color reproduction, this paper proposes a spectrum-based color reproduction algorithm and color management process with respect to the implementation of the algorithm. First, a makeup color reproduction model is estimated by analyzing the measured spectral reflectance of the skin samples before and after applying the makeup. To implement the model for a makeup simulation system, the color management process controls all color information of the 3D facial avatar during the 3D scanning, modeling, and rendering stages. During 3D scanning with a multi-camera system, spectrum-based camera calibration and characterization are performed to estimate the spectrum data. During the virtual makeup process, the spectrum data of the 3D facial avatar is modified based on the makeup color reproduction model. Finally, during 3D rendering, the estimated spectrum is converted into RGB data through gamut mapping and display characterization.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.1105-1114
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• 2010

이 논문은 제13회 부산국제영화제(2008년10월2일부터10월10일까지 개최)조직위원회로부터 의뢰를 받아 필름으로 제작한 20초 분량의 공식트레일러 제작에 관한 연구결과를 요약한 것이다. 디지털콘텐츠 제작에서의 정체성과 방향성 확립이 필요한 시기에 한국적인 수묵채색화 기법을 3D Animation과 접목시켜 제 13회 부산국제영화제의 공식트레일러 제작에 활용하였다. 서양화가 신창식화백의 '아리랑_희망I(공식 포스터)를 모티브로 한국적인 수묵채색화의 특징을 고찰하여 모델링, 쉐이딩, 렌더링 단계에서 먹의 농담, 선의 강약, 수묵채색화의 색채요소를 디지털기법으로 어떻게 표현할 수 있는가에 대한연구결과 이다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

Depth-image-based rendering is generally used in real-time 2D-to-3D conversion for 3DTV. However, inaccurate depth maps cause flickering issues between image frames in a video sequence, resulting in eye fatigue while viewing 3DTV. To resolve this flickering issue, we propose a new 2D-to-3D conversion scheme based on fast and robust depth-map generation from a 2D video sequence. The proposed depth-map generation algorithm divides an input video sequence into several cuts using a color histogram. The initial depth of each cut is assigned based on a hypothesized depth-gradient model. The initial depth map of the current frame is refined using color and motion information. Thereafter, the depth map of the next frame is updated using the difference image to reduce depth flickering. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme performs real-time 2D-to-3D conversions effectively and reduces human eye fatigue.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2023

This article is set against the backdrop of the rapid development of the metaverse and artificial intelligence technologies, and aims to explore the possibility and potential impact of integrating AI technology into the traditional 3D animation production process. Through an in-depth analysis of the differences when merging traditional production processes with AI technology, it aims to summarize a new innovative workflow for 3D animation production. This new process takes full advantage of the efficiency and intelligent features of AI technology, significantly improving the efficiency of animation production and enhancing the overall quality of the animations. Furthermore, the paper delves into the creative methods and developmental implications of artificial intelligence technology in real-time rendering engines for 3D animation. It highlights the importance of these technologies in driving innovation and optimizing workflows in the field of animation production, showcasing how they provide new perspectives and possibilities for the future development of the animation industry.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.821-830
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• 2023

인터넷 네트워크 기술의 발전이 촉발한 새로운 OTT 영상 콘텐츠 플랫폼은 콘텐츠에 대한 수요를 늘리고 소비 패턴을 변화시키고 있다. 이러한 흐름은 한국 애니메이션 산업에 긍정적인 변화를 가져오고 있으며, 다양하고 고품질의 애니메이션 콘텐츠가 점점 더 중요해지고 있다. 기술 투자가 증가함에 따라 영상 제작 기술도 계속 발전하고있다. 특히, 3D 애니메이션과 VFX 제작 기술은 이전에는 생각할 수 없었던 효과들을 가능하게 하며 정교하고 사실적인 그래픽을 구현하게 해주고 있다. 4차 산업 혁명은 이러한 기술 발전에 새로운 기회를 제공하고 있다. 인공지능(AI)의 성장은 반복 작업을 자동화해 제작 효율을 향상시키고, 기존의 제작 기술을 넘어서는 혁신을 가능하게 하고 있다. 첨단 기술이 기반인 3D 애니메이션과 VFX는 지속적으로 연구되며, 제작 과정에 더욱 적극적으로 통합될 것으로 예상된다. 디지털 기술은 또한 아티스트의 창의력을 확장하는 역할을 하고 있다. AI와 첨단 기술의 미래는 무한한 잠재력을 지니고 있으며, 이를 통해 영상 콘텐츠 산업이 어떤 새로운 단계로 나아갈 수 있을지 기대가 높아지고 있다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.791-794
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• 2012

We propose an efficient framework to realistically render 3D faces with a reduced set of points. First, a robust active appearance model is presented to detect facial features in the projected faces under different illumination conditions. Then, an adaptive simplification of 3D faces is proposed to reduce the number of points, yet preserve the detected facial features. Finally, the point model is rendered directly, without such additional processing as parameterization of skin texture. This fully automatic framework is very effective in rendering massive facial data on mobile devices.