• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2020

Objective: To propose a three-dimensional (3D) method for evaluating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes during Twin-block treatment. Methods: Seventeen patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated using Twin-block and nine untreated patients with a similar malocclusion were included in this research. We collected their cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from before and 8 months after treatment. Segmentations were constructed using ITK-SNAP. Condylar volume and superficial area were measured using 3D Slicer. The 3D landmarks were identified on CBCT images by using Dolphin software to assess the condylar positional relationship. 3D models of the mandible and glenoid fossa of the patients were constructed and registered via voxel-based superimposition using 3D Slicer. Thereafter, skeletal changes could be visualized using 3DMeshMetric in any direction of the superimposition on a color-coded map. All the superimpositions were measured using the same scale on the distance color-coded map, in which red color represents overgrowth and blue color represents resorption. Results: Significant differences were observed in condylar volume, superficial area, and condylar position in both groups after 8 months. Compared with the control group (CG), the Twin-block group exhibited more obvious condyle-fossa modifications and joint positional changes. Moreover, on the color-coded map, more obvious condyle-fossa modifications could be observed in the posterior and superior directions in the Twin-block group than in the CG. Conclusions: We successfully established a 3D method for measuring and evaluating TMJ changes caused by Twin-block treatment. The treatment produced a larger condylar size and caused condylar positional changes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• 통권48호
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• pp.45-67
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• 2017

Many of the modern animations have 3D technology, and as time goes by, their production technology becomes more diverse and sophisticated. When John Alan Lasseter insisted on studying CG animation technology, he might have taken our jobs to the computer in the near future, as many people were worried about. It may be premature to worry that an unstable future may become a reality at this point, but I do not think there will be any difference in the fact that many animations are being produced using 3D technology. Since the Toy Story was screened in 1995, the 3D animation production technology has started to develop rapidly and now it has been elaborately developed so that it can not distinguish the part where computer graphics technology is applied from the live film. On the other hand, Disney's 2D animation part falls into the decline path because the appearance of 3D animation was perceived as a new expression technique at that time, and the efficiency of the work process was superior to the 2D animation in addition to receiving the attention from the audience. Is it necessary to accept the retrogression of 2D animation technology, reflecting the environment of the animation industry that 3D animation production technology has become mainstream in the first 20 years since the first theatrical works appeared? Since 2D animation technology has a long history and is still attractive to the audience, it is not hard to find an attempt to combine 2D and 3D animation technology. In this paper, I want to study 2D hand - drawn character in 3D animation. Through this, it is hoped that animation convergence technology will be applied more actively in the future.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2004

For safe preservation of Korean Native Pigs (KNP) as an animal genetic resources and a means to maintain the genetic diversity, we performed to investigate the optimal hormone levels for superovulated gilts and establish the cryopresevation methods of embryos. The reults were as follows; 1. The number of ovulated corpus luteums (CL) and follicles were 12.4, 13.6, 30.0 or 23.3 in hCG 500IU and PMSG 500, 750, 1,000IU or hCG 750IU and PMSG 1,000IU respectively. In the case of PMSG 1,000IU와 hCG 500IU, there showed highest number but were no significance among others. The recovery rate of embryos by the ovulated CL were 59.4-79.2％. 2. The morula stage embryos recovered on Day 4 after insemination were significantly higher than Day 5 (P<0.01), but blastocyst stage embryos recovered on Day 5 were sinificantly higher than Day 4 (P<0.05). 3. The survival rate of expanded blastocyst were 23.5％ in conventional freezing with 1.4 M glycerol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2009

This study was carried out to establish an appropriate condition for the efficient cryopreservation of the mouse pronuclear embryo. In vitro cryopreservation of pronuclear embryos was carried out by slow freezing or vitrification methods and development rate of 2-cell, blastocyst and hatched blastocyst was measured as well as survival rate of the thawed pronuclear embryo. After slow freezing, vitrification and thawing of mouse pronuclear embryos, the survival rate and blastocyst development rate for the vitrification group was 97.3 and 53.4%, respectively, which was significantly higher as compared to the slow freezing group with 88.6 and 23.9%, respectively (p<0.05). Blastocyst developmental rate in each experimental group was significantly higher for 21 h in the post-hCG group at 40.5-57.0% than the 24 h post-hCG group at 40.5% (p<0.05). ICM (Inner cell mass) cell numbers of blastocyst-stage embryos during the different stages of mouse pronuclear embryos, slow freezing and vitrification period in the control and vitrification groups were 22.1${\pm}$2.7 and 17.0${\pm}$3.1-22.0${\pm}$3.2, respectively; hence, the slow freezing group (10.2${\pm}$2.0) had significantly higher cell numbers than those of the other two groups (p<0.05). Trophoblast (TE) cell number in the control group, 65.8${\pm}$12.6, was significantly higher than in the slow freezing group, 41.6${\pm}$11.1 (p<0.05). The total cell numbers in the control group and 21 h post hCG group were 87.9${\pm}$13.6 and 81.8${\pm}$14.1, respectively, and were significantly higher than for the slow freezing group (51.8${\pm}$12.6; p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 1982

Herbicide mixtures, butachlor + naproanilide, CG113 + naproanilide and benthiocarb + naproanilide were tested in order to control Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., one of the most serious perennial weeds in paddy field of Honam area. 92% of tuber of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. was distributed within 9cm from the soil surface and number of emerged Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. increased until 40 days after rice transplanting but decreased thereafter. Number and dry weight of survived Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. were much less in butachlor + naproanilide, CG 113 + naproanilide and benthiocarb + naproanilide treatments than perfluidone and it was controlled by up to 95% by mixture treatments. Number of rhizome of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. was decreased by all herbicide treatments and especially mixture treatment significantly reduced rhizome formation compared to perfluidone and 2.4 -D treatments. CG113 + naproanilide treatment caused phytotoxicity that tip of leaf sticked to leaf sheath curvedly in Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice, Iri 358, but it was recovered within 10 days after herbicide treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.279-284
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• 2006

The field of film art to be wised expression as development of Media has grown. Recently, the concern and effort has built up in digital film by Computer Graphics(CG) one of SFX. In this paper, I certified the formative properties based on Gestalt theory and centering best show in 2005. As a result, I confirmed that to insert 3D animation in film can lead fantasy or virtual world unable to be felt in real world, with the intention of producer, and that it was applied to free space not to be restricted making a film of scenes. And I confirmed that the partial modeling animation as the Gestalt theory that gives totality to objects of perception and needs closure can play role of understanding the meaning of film.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1986

The neutron fluxes and dose rates due to radiation streaming from reactor cavities were evaluated at the KNU-1 reactor pressure vessel (RPY) head flange elevation. To find a suitable cross section data set for the evaluation, a benchmark test was performed for three data sets; DLC-23/CASK, DLC-31/FEWG, and DLC-47/BUGLE. The leakage fluxes from the KNU-1 RPV outer surface were calculated with two different methods: 1-D calculation with ANISN, and 2-D calculation with DOT3.5. The Monte Carlo procedures as embodied in the MORSE-CG code combined with the albedo option were applied to predict the radiation distributions in the cavity region. Finally, the activation analysis of the stud bolts was performed to identify the major activation products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 한국정보과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1 (B)
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• pp.778-780
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• 2004

CG 기술의 발전으로 실사 이미지 위에 3d 애니메이션을 적용하는 실감나는 영화를 많이 볼 수 있다 그러나 아직까지도 실사 이미지와 3d 애니메이션 합성은 그래픽 아티스트의 수작업이 많이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 자연 환경을 포함하는 실사 비디오에서 영상 분석 기법을 적용한 혼합 현실 시스템을 제안한다. 비디오 프레임에서 하늘, 바다 등 일정한 칼라 패턴을 가지는 영역을 분류하고 이 영역에 대해서 그래픽 객체를 삽입한다. 시스템의 각 단계에서 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하여 필요한 입력값을 제공받는다. 본 연구에서의 기법은 간단한 그래픽 입력 과정 이외에는 대부분의 과정이 자동으로 처리되므로 혼합 현실이 방송, 영화 특수 효과 등의 작업에 편리하게 이용될 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022년도 제66차 하계학술대회논문집 30권2호
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• pp.231-232
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 비디오 시퀀스 내에서 카메라의 움직임을 추적하고, 추적 데이터를 기반으로 2D 영상에 3D CG 객체를 추가하는 방법을 소개한다. 해당 객체가 시점을 고려한 장면 내의 피사체로써 간주되기 위해서는 3차원 가상공간 내에서 피사체의 위치를 기반으로 장면 내 기준 평면을 구성하는 점들과 카메라의 기저 축 좌표를 조정한다. 영상제작 현장에서 활용되는 소프트웨어에서 수작업으로 진행되는 과정을 살펴봄으로써 매치 무빙기법이 증강현실과 광학기반의 SLAM 등과 같은 다양한 응용분야에서의 활용을 고려할 수 있겠다.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2010