• 제목/요약/키워드: 3D Based

검색결과 15,822건 처리시간 0.056초

각시붕어, Rhodeus uyekii의 생식주기에 미치는 광주기 및 수온의 영향 (Effects of Photoperiod and Water Temperature on the Reproductive cycle of the Spring-Spawning Bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii (Pisces : Cyprinidae))

  • 안철민
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.43-55
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    • 1995
  • 자연에서 3월 초순부터 6월 초순까지 산란기를 가지는 각시붕어, Rhodeus uyekii를 대상으로 이들의 생식주기 성립기구를 밝히고저 여러가지 광주기 및 수온 조건이 생식소의 활성과 퇴화 그리고 재성숙에 미치는 영향을 실험 적으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 춘계 생식소 활성화를 유도하는 환경요인은 수온상승이고 광주기는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 시기의 임계수온은 $8^{\circ}C$ 이상이었다. 생식소 퇴화요인으로는 하계 고수온이며, 광주기의 영향은 없었다. 그리고 임계수온은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $24^{\circ}C$ 사이에 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 산란기 수온과 동일한 수온 범위가 존재하는 추계에 생식소가 성숙에 이르지 못하는 요인은 이 시기의 단일 광조건 때문이며, 다른 시기에는 나타나지 않았던 광주성의 발달을 볼 수 있었다. 추계 생식소 재성숙에 영향을 미치는 임계광주기는 12L과 13L 사이에 존재하며, 동계에서 춘계로 이행함에 따라 광주성은 사라지는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과에서 각시붕어의 성숙을 연중 제어할 수 있는 광과 수온범위는 수온은 $8^{\circ}C$에서 $20^{\circ}C$, 광조건은 13L 이상으로 생각된다.

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재결정 PLGA와 단량체를 이용한 5-FU/PLGA 웨이퍼의 방출거동 (Release Behavior of 5-FU from 5-FU/PLGA Wafer using Recrystallized PLGA and Monomer)

  • 박정수;최명규;김윤태;이준희;모종현;강길선;이종문;신형식;이해방
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.205-210
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    • 2008
  • PLGA는 생분해성 고분자이며 생체적합성을 갖는 고분자로서 약물전달을 위한 연구에 많이 이용되고 있는 고분자이다. 그러나 PLGA를 약물전달에 이용할 때 약물의 급격한 초기방출 이후에 일정기간동안 약물이 방출되지 않는 지연시간이 존재하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 PLGA 웨이퍼에 단량체를 첨가하여 제조하였다. 또한 PLGA를 재결정하여 약물의 급격한 방출 현상을 억제하도록 하였다. SEM을 이용하여 재결정된 PLGA의 형태학적 차이를 관찰하였으며 생체외 약물 방출거동은 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였다. PLGA의 분해과정에서 단량체의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 GPC를 이용하여 분자량 변화를 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 PLGA의 벌크분해에 기인한 지연시간을 없앨 수 있었으며 약물의 방출 기간을 3일까지 앞당길 수 있었다.

수술 전 심리간호가 회복에 미치는 효과에 관한 실험적 연구 (Effects of Preoperative Psychological fare on Postoperative Recovery - An Exploratory Experiment -)

  • 김조자
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.97-113
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    • 1971
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and to observe the effects of an experimental nursing process on the incidence of vomiting, the number of analgesics used and the voiding ability of surgical patients within a 48 hour postoperative period and also the number of postoperative days in the hospital. This study me based on a sample of 51 patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery. They were assigned alternately to experimental and control groups. Patients assigned to the experimental group were given nursing care by the writer, using an experimental nursing process. This is a process directed toward helping the patient obtain a suitable psychological state for surgery. This process was performed by use of the following steps: 1. The nurse approached the patient with interest and concern, and observed the patient's behavior to determine the presence of anxiety. 2. The nurse explored further to find out what was causing the anxiety and what was needed too relieve it. 3. The nurse listened carefully lo the patient. 4. The nurse gave an opportunity for expression of individuality. 5. The nurse showed friendliness and reassured the patient 6. The nurse gave instruction about deep berating, turing and coughing and gave an explanation of routine preoperative preparation which decreased the unknown and so decreased the patient's anxiety- The findings of this study are as follows: 7. The investigation of preoperative anxiety through observing and interviewing revealed patients were concerned about the following: a. Length of stay in the hospital 69.7% (31 cases) b. Condition unimproved o. worse 48.,8% (30 cases) c. Postoperative pain and discomfort .56.8% (29 cases) 2. The results of the study regarding the four hypothesis were as follows: a. Preoperative psychological care not reduce the number of analysis needed during the 48 hour period following surgery. b. Preoperative psychological care did not reduce the Postoperative incidence of vomiting c. Preoperative psychological care had no influence on voiding ability following surgery. d. Preoperative psychological care significantly reduced the number of postoperative days in tile hospital. The experimental nursing process proved to be successful in decreasing the length of postoperative hospitalization (improving rate of healing). This study has demonstrated further that the relief of anxiety (emotional distress) is part of the nurse's professional role. In order to be sure psychological care is given it is important to make a nursing care plan which .includes a plan for the psychological care needed by the patient. As this care is given it can be charted off by each nurse just as medication and treatments are checked after they are given.

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Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
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    • 제2권
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

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하중의 위치 및 경사에 따른 임플랜트 보철의 유한요소법적 응력분석 (Finite Element Stress Analysis of Implant Prosthesis according to Position and Direction of Load)

  • 배숙진;정재헌;정승미
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.257-268
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant prosthesis according to position and direction of load, under vertical and inclined loading using FEA analysis. The finite element model was designed according to standard fixture (4.1mm restorative component x 11.5mm length). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction (loading condition B), 200N at the centric usp in a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition C), 200N at the in a $30^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition D) or 200N at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction (loading condition E) individually. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment screw. The following results have been made based on this study: 1. Stresses were concentrated mainly at the ridge crest around implant in both vertical and oblique loading but stresses in the cancellous bone were low in both vertical and oblique loading. 2. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading than with the vertical loading. 3. An offset of the vertical occlusal force in the buccolingual direction relative to the implant axis gave rise to increased bending of the implant. 4. The relative positions of the resultant line of force from occlusal contact and the center of rotation seems to be more important. 5. The magnitude of the stress in the supporting bone, fixture and abutment screw was greater with the outward oblique loading than with the inward oblique loading and was the greatest under loading at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction. Conclusively, this study provides evidence that bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. But it seems to be more important that how long is the distance from center of rotation of the implant itself to the resultant line of force from occlusal contact(leverage). The goal of improving implants should be to avoid bending of the implant.

임플랜트-지대주의 내측연결 시스템에서 하중의 위치 및 경사에 따른 임플랜트 보철의 유한요소 응력분석 (Finite Element Stress Analysis of Implant Prosthesis of Internal Connection System According to Position and Direction of Load)

  • 장종석;정용태;정재헌
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant prosthesis of internal connection system(ITI system) according to position and direction of load, under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis (FEA). The finite element model of a synOcta implant and a solid abutment with $8^{\circ}$ internal conical joint used by the ITI implant was constructed. The gold crown for mandibular first molar was made on solid abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction (loading condition B), 200N at the centric cusp in a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition C), 200N at the in a $30^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition D) or 200N at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction (loading condition E) individually. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment. The following results have been made based on this study: 1. Stresses were concentrated mainly at the ridge crest around implant under both vertical and oblique loading but stresses in the cancellous bone were low under both vertical and oblique loading. 2. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading than with the vertical loading. 3. An offset of the vertical occlusal force in the buccolingual direction relative to the implant axis gave rise to increased bending of the implant. So, the relative positions of the resultant line of force from occlusal contact and the center of rotation seems to be more important. 4. In this internal conical joint, vertical and oblique loads were resisted mainly by the implant-abutment joint at the screw level and by the implant collar. Conclusively, It seems to be more important that how long the distance is from center of rotation of the implant itself to the resultant line of force from occlusal contact (leverage). In a morse taper implant, vertical and oblique loads are resisted mainly by the implant-abutment joint at the screw level and by the implant collar. This type of implant-abutment connection can also distribute forces deeper within the implant and shield the retention screw from excessive loading. Lateral forces are transmitted directly to the walls of the implant and the implant abutment mating bevels, providing greater resistance to interface opening.

Effects of Different Levels of Vitamin-Mineral Premixes on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs

  • Tian, J.Z.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, J.D.;Han, Y.K.;Park, K.M.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.515-524
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    • 2001
  • Two experiments using growing and finishing pigs (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) were conducted to determine the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals (VTM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and to evaluate the suitability of vitamin-mineral levels commonly used in the swine industry in Korea. A total of 120 three crossbred (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) growing (Experiment I: 20.90 0.44 kg average initial body weight) and finishing (Experiment II: 53.55 0.97 kg average initial body weight) were used in 6 and 9 weeks feeding trials, respectively. Pigs were allotted on the basis of sex and weight to 5 treatments with 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were: 1) control, 2) fat soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 3) water soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 4) trace mineral 50% vs. control, 5) trace mineral 200% vs. control. In experiment I, during the overall experimental period (0 to 6 weeks, 21 to 54 kg body weight), ADG of the 200% trace mineral supplemented group was significantly higher than that of the 50% trace mineral supplemented group. There were no significant differences among other the treatments. Digestibility of crude protein was lowest in mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Calcium digestibility was significantly higher in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). In experiment II, during the overall experimental period (0 to 9 weeks, 54 to 106 kg body weight), growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. However, increasing level of water soluble vitamins at the level of 200% compared to control had a tendency to improve the overall growth performance. Overall carcass characteristics except for carcass length did not differ among pigs fed the dietary treatments. Loin eye area, pH, drip loss and shear force of meat were not affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. There was a trend for less fat content (%) in pork when the level of vitamin and trace mineral was increased, but the difference was not significant. Flavor score was the lowest in control and highest in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group (p<0.05). Juiciness of muscle was lower in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than other dietary treatments, except for trace mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is suggested that "typical" commercial levels of vitamin and trace minerals used by feed companies in Korea are sufficient to meet requirement for the maximum growth of growing-finishing pigs. Our results suggests that a reduction in trace mineral levels in commercial diets could be considered to reduce feed cost and nutrient excretion with economic and environmental benefits.

빈곤 레짐에 관한 비교연구 - 유럽연합 회원국과 한국을 중심으로 - (A Comparative Analysis of Poverty Regimes)

  • 문진영
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제57권1호
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    • pp.245-269
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    • 2005
  • 이 논문에서는 '빈곤 레짐'이라는 개념을 발견적 지도법(heuristic)으로 삼아 한국의 대표적인 공공부조제도인 국민기초생활보장제도를 유럽연합 회원국의 공공부조제도와 비교 분석함으로써, 국가 간 비교의 관점에서 국민기초생활보장제도의 위상을 정확하게 파악하고 그 성격을 규명하고자 한다. 따라서 이 논문은 다음과 같은 세부 목표를 갖는다. 첫째, 공공부조 제도에서도 이념별로 국가 간 군집성을 갖는가? 둘째, 한국의 공공부조제도는 선진국의 제도와 비교할 경우 어떠한 위상을 갖는가? 셋째, 이러한 위상을 갖게 된 원인은 무엇인가? 이러한 세 가지 질문에 답하기 위하여, 제2장에서는 에스핑 안데르센(G. Esping-Andersen, 1990)의 복지국가 레짐(welfare-state regimes)과 세인스부리와 모리셍(D. Sainsbury and A. Morissens, 2002)의 빈곤 레짐(poverty regime)에 관한 논의를 살펴본다. 이어 제3장에서는 연구대상 국가인 11개국의 빈곤과 소득분배 현황을 분석하고, 이 논문의 본문에 해당하는 제4장에서는 이 논문에서 설정한 공공부조 비교의 기준 틀을 통해서 연구대상 국가인 11개국의 공공부조제도를 분석하고자 한다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공공부조 프로그램의 충실도에 관한 편차를 국가별로 비교 분석한 결과, 에스핑 안데르센(1990)의 복지국가 레짐(welfare-state regimes)과 같은 이념에 따른 군집성을 발견할 수 없었다. 둘째, 공공부조 프로그램의 충실도 편차에 따른 빈곤레짐을 결정하는 요인으로서는 공공부조 지출 자체보다는 전반적인 사회보장제도 복지수준으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 한국의 공공부조제도는 '프로그램의 구성요소 수준'과 '공공부조 지출 수준'에서 유럽의 선진 복지국가와 현격한 차이가 있음을 발견할 수 있었다.

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수종해조의 단백계수와 in vitro Digestibility (Nitrogen Conversion Factors and in vitro Protein Digestibility of some Seaweeds)

  • 류홍수;;이강호
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.263-270
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    • 1982
  • 해중의 영양학적인 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 multi-enzyme system을 이용한 체외소화율과 아미노산분석을 기초로 한 단백질수를 측정하였다. 김 (P. tenera)의 체외소화율은 $78.5\sim82.2$로서 산지와 건조조건에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였으며, 잎파래(E. linza)나 다른 갈조류 (미역 U. pinnatifida, 톳 H. fusiforme, 모자반 S. fuuellum)에 비하여 높았고 효소활성 저해물질 (trypsin inhibitor)의 함량은 갈조류에서 높았다. 잎과래는 채외소화율이 김보다 낮음에도 불구하고 효소활성저해물질이 가장 낮은 특이한 결과론 보였다. 전체적으로 해조류의 체의소화을이 다른 연구자들의 생체실험에 의한 소화율 (in vivo digestility)보다 높은 결과를 보인 것은multi-enzyme system을 이용한 체외소화율 측정 방법을 해조류의 정확한 소화율 측정에 적용하기에는 문제성이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 일륜 김에 대한 microwave cooking의 영향은 가열시간이 15분 경과하여도 현저한 소화율 증가는 볼 수 없었으며, 효소활성 저해물질함량은 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 한국식으로 구운김의 체외소화율은 microwave로 15분 가열한 시료와 비슷하였다. 아미노산 분석 결과를 이용한 단백계수(Factor method)는 김의 경우 6.52로 계산되었고, 잎파래는 6.00, 미역 6.11, 모자반 5.85, 톳은 5.83이었으며, Kjeldahl전소분석결과를 이용한 단백계수(Kjeldahl Method)는 김 6.29, 잎파래 5.83, 미역 5.40, 모자반 5.45, 톳 5.49로 나타나, 종래의 조단백계수(6.25)보다 낮은 결과를 보였다. 해조추의 비단백태질소의 정확한 규명이 없는 상태에서, 해조의 단백질함량 측정에는 아미노산 분석결과를 이용한 새로운 단백계수(Factor Method)를 사용함이 바람직한 것으로 생각되었다.

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노년층여성의 의복 자아이미지와 선호 디자인과의 관계 (The Relationships Between the Clothes Self-image and Clothes Design Preferences of Elderly Women)

  • 배현숙;유태순
    • 복식
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.151-165
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    • 2000
  • This study was to find out clothing design preferences, according to the clothing self-image of elderly women and to grasp the variety on clothing of elderly women and thereby to help in merchandise production planning and putting the brands into markets and to provide data for establishing a sales strategy a d to itemize women with the goods which can satisfy the desire and taste of consumer groups in the quality market. For this purpose , various researches as above were conducted .The object of this study was a total of 488 elderly women above full 55 from an elderly women and who lived in downtown Pusan. The data were analysed by using MANOVA, ANOVA , factors analysis and frequency analysis, and the Cronbach α was also applied . The conclusions made based on the theoretical background and the result of questionnaire surveys are as follows ; 1. The realistic self-image of clothing showed a similar pattern by age. 50's and 60's showed little difference by item but 70's was greater in variation between items compared to 60's. The response to each item was that most people answered "common" and they showed a pattern that responded low only in items of 'colorful' , individualistic', 'susceptible to fashion'. A similar pattern was shown by age band also in the ideal self-image and the response to each item appeared higher than in the realistic self-image , and also in items of 'colorful', 'individualistic ' , 'susceptible to fashion' the response appeared low and showed a unity. 2. The results of clothing design preferences examined on the self-image according to age are as follows ; 1) Fro jacket in the realistic self-image , 50's and 60's preferred 'tailed collar' , 'set-in sleeve', 'hips long' and 'plain jacket' and 70's agreed to the design preferences in the items except 'open collar' and also in the idealistic self-image , the degree of preference was same. 2) For skirt in the realistic self-image , 50's and 60's preferred 'tight skirt', 'normal length' , 'plain skirt' and it was appeared that 70's preferred 'pleat skirt' , 'medium length' , 'plain skirt'. Also in the idealistic self-image , the degree of preference was same. 3) For blouse in the realistic self-image, 50's preferred 'open collar', 'round neck line' , 'long set-in sleeve' , 'plain separation belt', 'open front', 'zipper' ad 60's agreed to the favorite designs with 50's except puff sleeve, and 70's appeared to prefer fastening buttons without belt. In the designs preferred in the idealistic self-image, 50's agreed with 50's of the realistic self-image and for 60's , the designs except puff sleeve type and no belt type agreed to 50's and 70's except puff sleeve agreed with 70's of the realistic self-image in their design preferences.

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