• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2054-2059
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• 2003

3D-PTV measurement was conducted on the wake of a goldfish in order to understand its swimming motions. The measurement system consisted of three CCD cameras, an image grabber, an Ar-Ion laser and a host computer. The flow properties of the wake of the goldfish were measured under three different velocities of the currents. Unsteady flow structures around the goldfish were quantitatively clarified using the time-consecutive instantaneous three-dimensional vectors obtained by the constructed 3D-PTV system.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1748-1753
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• 2003

3D-PTV measurement was conducted on the wake of a sphere. The Reynolds number is 1130 with the diameter(d=30mm). The measurement system consisted of three CCD cameras, an image grabber, an Ar-Ion laser and a host computer. An eigenvalue analysis was introduced for the analysis on the wake. Statistical turbulent properties were quantitatively clarified using the time-consecutive instantaneous three-dimensional vectors obtained by the 3D-PTV system. The spatial distributions of the sphere wake showed strong relations with spiral motions of the vortcies shedded from the surface of the sphere.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.315-326
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Red clay(Hwangto) as feed additives with 26 Hanwoo steers at two regions for 540 days from six to 24 months of age on feed efficiency, meat quantity and meat quality. Feeding trial 1 was conducted with two treatment groups by five heads/treatment which were T1(Control) and T2(Control+ad libitum Hwangto) at National Livestock Research Institute. Feeding trial 2 was conducted with four treatment groups by four heads/treatment which were T1(Control), T2(Control+2% Hwangto), T3(Control+5% Hwangto) and T4(Control+ad libitum Hwangto) at a private Hanwoo breeding farm. In feeding trial 1, average daily gains by growing, fattening, finishing and over-all periods were 0.572, 0.866, 0.869 and 0.769kg in T1, and 0.537, 0.904, 0.857 and 0.766kg in T2, respectively. Average daily gain for growing and finishing period was high in T1 but in T2 for fattening period, which were not statistically significant. Also concentrates and TDN intakes per kg gains were not statistically significant by treatments. In carcass characteristic, dressed carcass and red meat percentage were high in T1 but in T2 for retailed cut percentage without significant difference. The yield index and shear force was 69 and 70, 4.4 and 6.1 kg/$cm^2$ in T1 and T2, respectively. In palatability traits, the panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor were 4.08 and 4.64, 3.42 and 3.96, 4.58 and 4.80 in T1 and T2, respectively. which showed a tendency to improvement in Hwangto feeding groups. In feeding trial 2, the range of average daily gains were 0.656(T6) to 0.772(T3), 0.937(T6) to 1.009(T5), 0.592(T3) to 0.675kg(T6) in growing, fattening and finishing period, respectively. Although it was high in T3, T5 and T6 at growing, fattening and finishing period, respectively, it was not significantly different by treatments. The ranges of concentrates and TDN intakes per kg gains were 8.71 to 9.50(average 9.05) and 7.52 to 7.64kg(average 7.55kg), they all were lower in Hwangto feeding groups than in control about 4.5 to 8.3% and 1.2 to 1.6%, respectively. In carcass characteristics, back-fat thickness, loin eye muscle area and yield index were not difference by treatments, but marbling scores were high in T5 and T6 than in percent. Summarizing above results, it may be concluded that the use of unprocessed Hwangto as feed additives for growing-fattening steers seems to improve meat quality but not red meat quantity and feed efficiency, and may be required to feed ad libitum during the finishing period.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.324-332
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• 2022

The incidence of stress-related type 2 diabetes (stress-T2D), which is aggravated by physiological stress, is increasing annually. The effects of Lactobacillus, a key component of probiotics, have been widely studied in diabetes; however, studies on the effects of postbiotics are still limited. Here, we aimed to examine the mechanism through which heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5314 (HK-LRCC5314) alleviates stress-T2D in a cold-induced stress-T2D C57BL/6 mouse model. HK-LRCC5314 markedly decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue (neck, subcutaneous, and epididymal) weight, and fasting glucose levels. In the adipose tissue, mRNA expression levels of stress-T2D associated factors (NPY, Y2R, GLUT4, adiponectin, and leptin) and pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL-2) were also altered. Furthermore, HK-LRCC5314 increased the abundance of Barnesiella, Alistipes, and butyrate-producing bacteria, including Akkermansia, in feces and decreased the abundance of Ruminococcus, Dorea, and Clostridium. Thus, these findings suggest that HK-LRCC5314 exerts protective effects against stress-T2D via gut microbiome modulation, suggesting its potential as a supplement for managing stress-T2D.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.599-606
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to know a clinical usefulness for delineation of articular cartilage compared with 2D TSE-SPIR and 3D FFE-PROSET technique. From January 2013 to september 2013, a total of 30 normal volunteers(12 men and 18 women aged between 35 and 55 years; mean 49.48 years) were studied on a philips 3.0T MRI scanner. As a quantitative analysis, SNRs and CNRs were evaluated by using two methods for delineation of articular cartilage. As a qualitative analysis, image quality was evaluated by special radiological technologist of MRI for image delineation on a three grade. As a results, SNRs and CNRs for articular cartilage were significantly greater for the 3D FFE-PROSET(SNRs: 8.40, 114.02, 9.53, CNRs: 104.49, 139.49) technique compared to 2D TSE-SPIR(SNRs: 4.41, 71.63, 7.34, CNRs: 64.30, 58.41) technique, image quality also was higher for evaluation of 3D FFE-PROSET(2.40) technique(p=0.0021). In conclusion, this study showed that a 3D FFE-PROSET MRI has improved SNRs and CNRs for evaluating of the articular cartilage, these conclusions in the future will be provided useful information in diagnosis of articular cartilage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.313-318
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• 1983

It is required in designing a spot welding to get in advance an estimated figure of nugget diameter. A method of estimating nugget diameter of low carbon steel sheets is suggested in tesms of utilizing elastic calculation in theory and of making a sectional observation of specimen of spot welding in experiment. The resultant findings are summarized as follows: 1) A contact diameter of sheet, 2.gamma.$_{o}$=d sub e/+(1.1)t, wheer de is the electrode tip diameter and t is the thickness of sheets. 2) The practical measurement of the nugget diameter reveals that $d_{n}$=(1.05) $d_{e}$+(0.9)t, and $d_{b}$ is less by 0.8-4.3% than 2.gamma.$_{o}$. 3) The more $d_{n}$ is as compared with t, the less the difference between a theoretical value and an experimental value is. 4) In the spot welding of thin steel sheets less than 3mm in thickness that are commonly used in sheet metal works, the contact diameter equals the nugget diameter. In this case, either the theoretical or experimental approach can be used for estimating the nugget diameter.meter.ter.r.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 1990

A convenient route is reported for the synthesis of fused pyrrolo [2, 3-d][1, 3]-oxazine and pyrrolo [2, 3-d]-pyrimidine derivatives from 2-amino-1-benzyl-3-t-butoxy-carbonyl-4, 5-dimethylpyrrole.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.268-271
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 지상파 3D HDTV 방송 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 기존의 유럽형 HDTV 방송 서비스인 DVB-T2 전송 시스템의 채널 부호군을 연구하고, 이 시스템의 외부 부호(Outer Code)로 쓰이는 BCH 부호의 경판정(Hard Decision)을 통한 복호를 연판정(Soft Decision)을 통한 복호로 수정함으로써 성능에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 기존의 DVB-T2 전송시스템의 성능을 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 기존의 외부 부호(Outer Code)인 BCH 부호와 내부 부호(Inner Code)인 LDPC 부호의 조합을 연판정이 가능하고 복호하는 블록(Block)의 길이가 더 짧아진 BTC(Block Turbo Code)부호와 LDPC 부호와의 조합으로 바꿈으로써 기존의 DVB-T2 전송 시스템보다 블록 오류율이 낮아짐을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.136-136
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• 2001

Purpose： Subclavian steal refers to the retrograde flow of blood in a vertebral artery that supplies t ipsilateral shoulder and arm caused by proximal subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion. T purpose of this exhibit is to demonstrate MR findings of subclavian steal on contrast-enhanc 3D (CE 3DMRA) and 2D TOF MR angiography. Method： Four patients(men 3 and women 1, age： 28-78years) with subclavian steal obtained both CE 3DMRA and digital subtraction angiography(DSA) including subclavian arterie Sequential imaging was undertaken during first pass after double dose of Gd-DTPA (0 mM/kg) Injected by a power injector. Coronal source images were obtained with coronal D-fast low angle shot sequence(TR/TE/flip angle=3.8/l.3/35, acquisition time= 10sec/one measurement). Precontrast imaging was subtracted from enhanced images and maximu intensity projection was done. 2D time-of-flight MR angiography(2D TOF) of the carot bifurcation was added in all cases with post-saturation. All studies were review retrospectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects Rehmannia glutinosa, Radix puerariae, Semen coicis, Fructus hordei, Cortex acanthopanacis, Fructus chaenomelis, or Radix glycyrrhizae extracton 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. Methods : We adopted Oil Red O staining methods to observe the formed lipid droplets. And the amount of lipids in adipocytes was measured using absorptiometric analysis. Results : The extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa, Radix puerariae, Semen coicis, Fructus hordei, Cortex acanthopanacis, Fructus chaenomelis, or Radix glycyrrhizae stimulated the preadipocytes differentiation and lipid droplet formation. And the complex extract of the traditional herbal medicines stimulated there actions more than single extracts. Conclusions : The extract of Rehmannia glutinosa, Radix puerariae, Semen coicis, Fructus hordei, Cortex acanthopanacis, Fructus chaenomelis, or Radix glycyrrhizae has stimulatory effects. on adipogenesis. Moreover, the complex extract of the traditional herbal medicines has more effect than single extracts.