• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.692-699
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• 2023

The lack of molecular targets hampers the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of domperidone, a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) antagonist in human TNBC BT-549 and CAL-51 cells. Domperidone inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The annexin V/propidium iodide staining showed that domperidone induced apoptosis. The domperidone-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the generation of mitochondrial superoxide and the down-regulation of cyclins and CDKs. The apoptotic effect of domperidone on TNBC cells was prevented by pre-treatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. The prevention of apoptosis with Mito-TEMPO even at concentrations as low as 100 nM, implies that the generation of mitochondrial ROS mediated the domperidone-induced apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis showed that domperidone-induced apoptosis occurred through the down-regulation of the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Moreover, domperidone downregulated the levels of D2-like dopamine receptors including DRD2, regardless of their mRNA levels. Our results support further development of DRD2 antagonists as potential therapeutic strategy treating TNBC.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

Effects of resveratrol glucosylation on the immunomodulation properties of resveratrol and on the viability of macrophage cells have been studied by using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression in macrophages in vitro were studied after treatment with different concentrations of (E)-resveratrol, (E)-resveratrol 3-O-${\beta}$-${\small{D}}$-glucoside (R-3-G), or (E)-resveratrol 4'-O-${\beta}$-${\small{D}}$-glucoside (R-4'-G). In vitro viability of RAW 264.7 cells after treatment with the aforementioned three compounds was also studied. As demonstrated by macrophage cell viability assays, two different resveratrol monoglucosides, R-3-G and R-4'-G, exhibited 50-80% reduced cytotoxicity in comparison to (E)-resveratrol in A549 and HepG2 cells. Compared to the resveratrol aglycon, both glucosylated resveratrol derivatives positively modulated NO and IL-6 production in macrophages positively via transcriptionally up-regulating IL-6 and iNOS expression. Conjugation of a glucose moiety on resveratrol was found to enhance the immunomodulating activity of resveratrol and the viability of RAW 264.7 cells.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 1994

본 연구는 전온하의 질소가스에서 구대 평판전극을 사용하여 온도변화([$0^{\circ}C$]~[$80^{\circ}C$]와 전극간 거리(d=1.0, 2.0, 3.0[mm])를 변환시켰 을 때의 방전트성을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 중요한 결론은 다음과 같다. \circled1 온도가 저하함에 따라 절연파괴전압(VB)은 상승한다. \circled2 온도를 강하시킴에 따라 방전지속시간(t)이 길어진다. \circled3 전극의 불평등성이 클수록 절연파괴전압(VB)의 온도의존성이 커진다. \circled4 절연파괴 전계강도(EB)는 다음식으로 표현할 수 있다. 여기서, A, B 및 C는 상수이며 그 값은 다음표와 같다. EB=$AT^2$+BT+C(EB: 절연파괴 전계강도[kV/mm], T: 측정시의 온도[$^{\circ}C$]).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.346-346
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• 2008

최근 디지털 컨버젼스에 의해서 정보 단말기 network가 디지털 기술을 기반으로 유기적으로 융 복합화 되고 있으며 BT, NT, ET, IT의 융합 기술의 필요성이 점차적으로 증대되고 있다. 이러한 환경 하에서 다양한 정보 및 서비스의 송신 및 수신이 가능한 휴대 단말기의 필요성에 부응하여 기존의 전화 기능, 카메라, DMB 이외에도 홈 네트워크, mobile internet 등 더욱 다양한 기능들이 요구되고 있다. 종래에는 수동 부품과 능동 부품의 실장을 별개로 추진했으나 최근에는 수동 및 능동 부품을 하나의 패키지 내에 실장 가능하도록 하는 3-D Integration을 추진하고 있다. 지금까지 여러 부품들을 실장 시키기 위한 공정들의 대부분은 높은 온도에서 공정이 이루어졌으나 여러 부품들을 손상 없이 집적화하고 실장하기 위해서는 저온화 공정이 필요하다. 최근 많은 저온 공정 중에서 Aerosol Deposition Method는 상온에서 세라믹 후막을 성막할 수 있어 가장 주목받고 있는 공정중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 3-D Integration을 실현하기 위해 이종 접합에 유리하고 상온에서 성막 공정이 이루어지는 Aerosol Deposition Method를 이용하여 금속 기판 위에 금속, 폴리머, 세라믹 후막을 성막시켰다. 기판 재료로는 Cu 기판을 사용하였으며 출발 파우더로는 Polyimide 파우더와 $Al_2O_3$ 파우더, Ag 파우더를 사용하였으며 이종 접합간의 메커니즘의 양상을 보기 위해 같은 조건에서 이종 접합간의 성막률을 비교하였으며 FE-SEM으로 미세 구조를 관찰하였다. 또한 기판의 표면 거칠기에 따른 메커니즘의 양상을 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1621-1623
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• 1996

The dielectric and polarizable properties of 0.85Pb$Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3}$)$O_3$-$0.125PbTiO_3$-$0.25BaTiO_3$ Ceramics have been investigated as a addition of the amount of $La_{2}O_{3}$($0{\leq}x{\geq}0.05$). The Temperature-dependant electrostictive characteristics of 0.85PMN-0.125PT-0.25BT relaxor ferroelectic system were improved by enhencing the extent of the diffuse phase transition(DPT). This was achieved using PMN-PT-BTceramics by the partial substitution of La at the Pb site. The curie temperature and the maximum dielectic permittivity decreased by substituting $La_{2}O_{3}$ and the electic field-related hysteresis phenomena decreased with increasing $La_{2}O_{3}$ substitution amount. It is showed decreasing in induced strain for electric field with increasing $La_{2}O_{3}$ substitution.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the optimal short-term storage diluents for goat spermatozoa. Semen was collected with electro-ejaculation from two goats. The collected semen was diluted in BTS and centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and diluted with BTS, Modena or Triladyl$^{(R)}$ and stored at 4 or $17^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. The motility of spermatozoa in BTS and Modena stored at $4^{\circ}C$ was rapidly decreased at day 1. The motility of spermatozoa in BTS at $17^{\circ}C$ was decreased to 30$\sim$45% at day 2. In Modena at $17^{\circ}C$, the inappropriate motility fur artificial insemination (AI) was reached at day 4. The spermatozoa stored in Triladyl$^{(R)}$ at 4 or $17^{\circ}C$ were more viable and higher motility up to day 4. In conclusion, liquid storage of goat spermatozoa in Triladyl$^{(R)}$ at 4 or $17^{\circ}C$ for 4 days showed permissible viability for AI.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.604-609
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• 2014

The thermoelectric power and dc conductivity of $La_{2/3+x}TiO_{3-{\delta}}$ (x = 0, 0.13) were investigated. The thermoelectric power was negative between 80K and 300K. The measured thermoelectric power of x = 0.13 increased linearly with increased temperatures and was represented by $S_0+BT$. The x = 0 sample exhibited insulating behavior, while the x = 0.13 sample showed metallic behavior. The electric resistivity of x = 0.13 had a linear temperature dependence at high temperatures and a T3/2 dependence below about 100K. On the other hand, the electric resistivity of x = 0 has a linear relation between $ln{\rho}/T$ and 1/T in the range of 200 to 300K, and the activation energy for small polaron hopping was 0.23 eV. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power and the resistivity of x = 0 suggests that the charge carriers responsible for conduction are strongly localized. This temperature dependence indicates that the charge carrier (x = 0) is an adiabatic small polaron. These experimental results are interpreted in terms of spin (x = 0.13) and small polaron (x = 0) hopping of almost localized Ti 3d electrons.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.379-386
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• 2021

This study was undertaken to develop a cascade-type continuous culture system (CCCS) that combines both ICT and biotechnology (BT), for the mass production of microalgae. This system is capable of maintaining the essential culture conditions of pH, temperature, carbon dioxide, and illuminance control, which are key parameters for the growth of microalgae, and is economical for producing microalgae regardless of the season or location. It has the added advantage of providing stable and high productivity. In the current study, this system was applied to culture microalgae for 71 days, with subsequent analysis of the experimental data. The initial O.D. of the culture measured from incubator 1 was 0.006. On the 71st day of culture, the O.D.s obtained were 0.399 (incubator 1), 0.961 (incubator 2), 0.795 (incubator 3), and 0.438 (incubator 4), thereby confirming the establishment of continuous culture. Thus, we present a smart-farm based on ISMC (in-situ monitoring and control) for a mass culture method. We believe that this developed technology is suitable for commercialization, and has the potential to be applied to hydroponics-based cultivation of microalgae and cultivation of high-value-added medicinal plants as well as other plants used in functional foods, cosmetics, and medical materials.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 1994

These studles were conducted to investigate the development of chem~cal resistance and cross.resista. nce m dlarnondback moth (Piuteiia xylostella L). The resistance development of diamondback moth greatly vaned under single selection of five insectlades. The tnflumuron and lambda cyhalothnn strains at 8th selected generation showed 374- and 29.l.fold resistant levels. respectively, as compared with the susceptible strain. However, the Baciilus thuringiensis-seleded at 8th selected generatLon exhibited 240-fold resistant level. and the prothiophos-selected at 8th generation revealed 14.3-fold resistant !eve1 while the cartap hydrochloride-selected at 8th generailon showed 9.1-fold resistant level Prothiophos- selected strain showed low cross-resistance level to cartap hydrochloride, while this strain exhibited no cross-resistance of 1.3 to 2.8-fold to other msectlcides. Cartap hydrochlonde- seleded strain showed 19.9-fold. a high cross-resistance to lambda cyhalothrin, but this strain showed 2.2-34 fold, no cross resistance to other insecticide. Lambda cyhalothnn-selected strain exhibited cross-resistance to cartap hydrochlolide and prothiophas. Triflumuron-seleded strain showed 1.3-4.9 fold. no cross-resistance to other ~nsectic~dTe he B. ihuring~ensis-selededs train showed no cross-resistance to other insecticides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2009

This study is the result of meta evaluation for the self evaluation of defense R&D programs in Korea by using meta evaluating indicators. The overall meta evaluation result of defense R&D programs gained 74.3 points out of 100, so it was evaluated as 'Good'. But it demonstrated that further improvement for overall system of defense R&D programs evaluation is required. And especially, it demonstrated that more alternatives are necessary in order to improve the utilizations and the feedbacks of evaluation results. The evaluation context component gained 80.2 points out of 100, so it was evaluated as 'Very Good'. The evaluation input component gained 73.1 points out of 100, so it was evaluated as 'Good'. The evaluation process component gained 74.8 points out of 100, so it was evaluated as 'Good'. And the evaluation outcome component gained 69.0 points out of 100, so it was evaluated as 'Good'. Basic model of meta evaluation was derived from the literature review and brain storming. And this meta evaluation model was determined by adopting the result of experts who performed evaluations for defense R&D programs in recent years. The reliability of components and items was verified by Cronbach's a coefficient. It was over 0.6 in evaluation components and items. And the reliability of evaluation context was 0.877, that of evaluation input was 0.755, that of evaluation process was 0.755, that of evaluation output was 0.755 respectively. From the analysis, it is attempted to identify possible problems and to find out the ways of improvements related to the self evaluation system of defense R&D programs. The ultimate objective of this study is to manage the programs effectively and improve the reliability and the objectiveness of the defense R&D programs.