• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.19 no.6 s.90
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• pp.66-73
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• 2004

2004년도 정보통신부의 IT839 전략에 따르면 8대 신규 서비스로 인터넷 전화(VoIP)와 3대 첨단 인프라로 광대역 통합망(BcN)을 선정한 바 있다. 이에 본 고에서는 9대 신성장동력에서 공동으로 활용하기 위한 VoIP와 BcN을 연계한 기술 동향을 설명한다. SIP 와 H. 323에 의한 VoIP 서비스가 제공되면서 네트워크 구조 변화가 시작되었다. 유선 네트워크, 무선 이동통신 네트워크, 인터넷 등을 통합하는 유무선 통합네트워크(BcN)는 VoIP 기술로 구축될 것이다. 본 고의 구성으로는 VoIP 기술 특성을 설명하고, VoIP 표준 동향을 분석한 후에 앞으로 구축될 BcN VoIP 의 발전 방향에 대하여 설명한다. VoIP 기술은 회선 정합및 인터넷 정합 기술과 H. 323, SIP, MEGACO 등의 프로토콜 기술과 VoIP 품질을 결정하는 코덱 기술이있다. VoIP 표준은 IETF에서 제정한 SIP를 중심으로 네트워크 특성을 고려하여 3GPP, 3GPP2, ITU에서개발하고 있다. BcN VoIP 는 기존의 VoIP 기술을 발전시켜 음성 품질이 오디오 수준으로 향상되고, 유선과 무선, 방송이 통합되는 제어 기술과 연계하여 실시간 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 2002

Eight strains producing bacterial cellulose (BC) were isolated from rotten fruits and traditionally fermented vinegars. One of the isolated strains from the rotten grape in Gwangju, Korea, maintained a relatively stable BC production in shaking cultures. This isolated strain proved to be Acetobacter xylinum, based on several biochemical and morphological tests. It was shown that the slant-baffled flask was more efficient than the conventional flask for the BC production in shaking cultures. To determine the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of BC, various compounds were examined. Fructose was found to be the most effective carbon source with an optimal concentration of 2%. Mixed carbon source (glucose:fructose=1:3) was also better than glucose or fructose alone. Optimal nitrogen source, when basal medium was used, was 10% (v/v) com steep liquor (CSL). When com steep liquor was used with a mixed carbon source (glucose:fructose=1 :3),4% CSL exhibited the best BC production. Based on these results, a defined medium was developed for the BC production by Acetobacter xylinum KJ-1. When this medium was used under optimal culture conditions, the BC production was 7.2 g/1, which was approximately 3 times higher than that with the traditional HS medium.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2002

Bcl-2 is a member of large bcl-2 family and protects cells from apoptosis. Using bcl-2-expressing adenovirus vector (Ad-bc1-2), we investigated the effect of bc1-2 on UVB-induced apoptosis. Adenovirus vector efficiently introduced bc1-2 gene in cultured normal mouse keratinocytes (NMK cells); almost all NMK cells (lx10$^{6}$ ) were transfected at Ixl0$^{8}$ PFU/ml. Bcl-2-transfected NMK cells were significantly resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis with the suppressive effect dependent on bcl-2-expression level. Following UVB irradiation caspase 8, 3, 9 activities were stimulated in NMK cells, while in bc1-2-transfected cells, only caspase 8, but not caspase 3 or 9 activities were stimulated. In order to investigate the effect of bc1-2 in vivo, topical application of Ad-bc1-2 on tape-stripped mouse skin was performed. Following the application, Bc1-2 was efficiently overexpressed in almost all viable keratinocytes. The expression was transient with the maximal expression of Bc1-2 at 1st day following the application of lxl0$^{9}$ PFU in 200ml. The introduced Bc1-2 remained at least for 6 days. UVB irradiation (1250 J/m$^2$) induced apoptosis within 12 h and the maximal effect was observed at 24 h in control mouse skin. Bc1-2-transfected mice skin were resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis. Topical application of empty adenovirus vector alone had no effect on Bc1-2 expression or UVB-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that adenovirus vector is an efficient gene delivery system into keratinocytes and that Bcl-2 is a potent inhibitor of UVB-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2006

정부 BcN의 1차년도 시범사업에 참여한 KT 옥타브 컨소시움에서는 고객이 요구할 것으로 판단되는 서비스를 선별하여 영상 단말기반으로 다양한 통합서비스를 제공하였다. KT의 BcN은 NGN의 핵심표준인 IMS구조를 기반으로 구축하였으나, 보다 광범위한 BcN서비스 지원구조로써는 부족하고 상이한 면이 있다. 본 논문에서는 KT BcN 서비스의 종류. 구조를 IMS 표준에 비교하여 기술하고, 대표적인 시나리오, 시범사업결과 및 향후방향에 대해서 정리하였다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.122-128
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• 2004

광대역 통합망 (BcN)은 통신, 방송, 인터넷을 동시에 수용하는 미래기간 인프라로 정부의 IT 8-3-9 전략의 일환인 3대 첨단망 구축의 핵심이 되는 기간 망이다. 이러한 BcN을 서비스 관점에서 이해하자면, 유선, 무선, 인터넷, Wireless LAN, 방송 등의 망기반위에 All-IP에 기반 한 서비스가 Virtually 하나의 Network로 통합되어 제공되는 개념으로 볼 수 있다. BcN을 둘러싼 제반 환경은 시장, 기술, 고객 Needs, 데이터 서비스 관점에서 아래와 같이 예상할 수 있다.(중략)

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.434-442
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• 2019

The present study investigated a novel calcium hydroxide-coated dairy manure-derived biochar (Ca-BC) for adsorption of phosphate from water and dairy wastewater. The Ca-BC showed much higher adsorption of phosphate than that of dairy manure-derived biochar. The Ca-BC possessed mainly the calcium hydroxide and various functional groups resulting in high reactivity between phosphate and calcium hydroxide in the Ca-BC. The adsorption of phosphate onto Ca-BC followed pseudo-second order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models indicating chemisorptive interaction occurred on energetically heterogeneous surface of Ca-BC. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Ca-BC was higher than those of iron oxide and zinc oxide-coated biochars, but lower than those of CaO- and MgO-coated biochars. However, the Ca-BC showed high reactivity per surface area for adsorption of phosphate indicating importance of surface functionalization of biochar. On the other hand, the adsorption of phosphate in dairy wastewater on Ca-BC was lower than that in water owing to competition between other anions in wastewater and phosphate. Overall, the Ca-BC would be a low cost and effective adsorbent for recovery of phosphate from water and wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2008

In the previous study, 141 $BC_3F_2$ lines from a cross between the Oryza sativa cv. Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima were used to identify favorable wild QTL alleles for yield component traits. In this study, we carried out QTL analysis of four grain morphology as well as four yield component traits using 141 $BC_3F_5$ lines from the same cross and compared QTLs detected in two different generations. The mean number of O. glaberrima segments in the 141 $BC_3F_5$ lines ranged from 1 to 13 with 2.69 and 5.71 of the average means of homozygous and heterozygous segments, respectively. There was a three-fold difference in the number of QTLs detected for four traits commonly evaluated in two generations (seven QTLs in the $BC_3F_5$ vs 21 in the $BC_3F_2$ population). The percentages of the phenotypic variance explained by QTLs in the BC3F5 population were similar to or less than those in the $BC_3F_2$ population. This is probably due to the difference in the genetic composition of two populations and the environmental effects. The locations of the QTLs commonly detected in both generations were in good agreement except for one QTL for spikelets per panicle. The yield QTL, yd3 was colocalized with the spikelets per panicle, spp3. Yield increase at this locus is due to the increase in spikelets per panicle, because both traits were associated with increase in spikelets per panicle and yield due to the presence of an O. glaberrima allele. Clusters of QTLs for grain morphology traits were observed in two chromosome regions. One cluster harboring five QTLs near SSR markers RM106 and RM263 was detected on chromosome 2. This population would serve as a foundation for development of the introgression line population from a cross between Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2016

Globally, the burden of breast cancer (BC) continues to increase. BC related lymphedema (BCRL) is currently non curable and as a life time risk it affects at least 25% of BC patients. Knowing more about BCRL and appropriate control of its modifiable risk factors can improve quality of life (QOL) of the affected patients. In this case control study to detect factors, 400 women with BCRL (as the case group) and 283 patients with BC without lymphedema (as the control group) that were referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated BC clinic center were assessed. The data were analyzed in SPSS. The mean age of the case group was $52.3{\pm}11.0years$ and of the control group was $50.1{\pm}10.9years$. In patients with BCRL, 203(50.7%) had left (Lt) side BC and in non- lymphedema group 151 (53.3%) had Lt side BC. Out of all BCRL patients, 204 (51%) had lymphedema in all parts of their affected upper extremities, 100 (25%) had swelling in the arm and forearm and 23 (5.7%) had edema in both the upper extremity and trunk. Edema, heaviness, concern about changing body image, pain and paresthesia were the most common signs/symptoms among patients with BCRL. In BCRL patients, the difference of circumference between the affected upper limb and non-affected limb was $4.4{\pm}2.5cm$ and the difference in volume displacement was $528.7{\pm}374.4milliliters$. Multiple variable analysis showed that moderate to severe activity (OR; odds ratio =14, 95% CI :2.6-73.3), invasiveness of BC (OR =13.7, 95% CI :7.3-25.6), modified radical mastectomy (OR=4.3, 95% CI :2.3-7.9), BMI =>25 (OR=4.2, 95% CI :2-8.7), radiotherapy (OR=3.9, 95% CI :1.8-8.2), past history of limb damage (OR=1.7, 95% CI :0.9-3.1) and the number of excised lymph nodes (OR=1.06, 95% CI :1.02-1.09) were the significant predictors of lymphedema in women with BC. Modifiable risk factors of BCRL such as non-guided moderate to severe physical activity, high BMI and trauma to the limb should be controlled as early as possible in BC patients to prevent development of BCRL and improve QOL of these patients.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the dose distribution and image quality according to slice thickness and BC(beam collimation) in the gantry aperture. CT scans were performed with a 64-slice MDCT(Brilliance 64, Philips, Cleveland, USA) scanner. To determine the dose distribution according to BC, a ionization chamber was placed at isocenter and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm positions from the isocenter in the 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock directions. The dose distribution for phantom scan was also measured using CT head and body dose phantom with five holes at the center of the phantom and the positions of the 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock directions. The image noise measurement for different BCs was performed using an AAPM CT phantom. Water-filled block of the phantom was moved by 5 cm or 10 cm to the 12 o'clock direction, and the image noise was measured at the center of the phantom, and the points of 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock direction respectively. Some points were placed beyond the scan field of view (SFOV), so that measurement was not possible at that points. The results are as follows: The CTDIw showed a larger decrease as the source goes farther from the iso-center or the BC became wider. The CTDIw depends on the BC width more than the number of the channel of a detector array. The value of CTDIW decreased with increasing BC, but the value decreased 16.6~31.9% in the head phantom scan in air scan and 51.0~64.5% in the body phantom scan. The value of the noise was 3.9~5.9 in the head and 5.3~7.4 in the body except for BC of $2{\times}0.5\;mm$, regardless of the degree of deviation from the iso-center. When a subject was located within the SFOV, the position did not significantly affect image quality even if the subject was out of the center.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.25.1-25.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study used micro-computed tomography (µCT) to compare voids and interfaces in single-cone obturation among AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) sealers and to determine the percentage of sealer contact at the dentin and gutta-percha (GP) interfaces. Materials and Methods: Fifteen single-rooted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT size X5 rotary files using 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Roots were obturated with a single-cone ProTaper NEXT GP point X5 with AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, or prototype S-PRG sealer (n = 5/group). Results: The volumes of GP, sealer, and voids were measured in the region of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8 mm from the apex, using image analysis of sagittal µCT scans. GP volume percentages were: AH Plus (75.5%), EndoSequence BC (87.3%), and prototype S-PRG (94.4%). Sealer volume percentages were less: AH Plus (14.3%), EndoSequence BC (6.8%), and prototype S-PRG (4.6%). Void percentages were AH Plus (10.1%), EndoSequence BC (5.9%), and prototype S-PRG (1.0%). Dentin-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 82.4% ± 6.8%, 71.6% ± 25.3%, and 70.2% ± 9.4%, respectively. GP-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 65.6% ± 29.1%, 80.7% ± 25.8%, and 87.0% ± 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Prototype S-PRG sealer created a low-void obturation, similar to EndoSequence BC sealer with similar dentin-sealer contact (> 70%) and GP-sealer contact (> 80%). Prototype S-PRG sealer presented comparable filling quality to EndoSequence BC sealer.