• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8163-8171
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the second most cause of death (1.38 million, 10.9% of all cancer) worldwide after lung cancer. In present study, we assess the knowledge, level of awareness of risk factors and screening practices especially breast self examination (BSE) among women, considering the non-feasibility of diagnostic tools such as mammography for breast screening techniques of breast cancer in the holy city Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population based survey was conducted. The investigation tool adopted was self administrated questionnaire format. Data were analysed using SPSS 20 version and Chi square test to determine significant association between various education groups with awareness and knowledge, analysis of variance was applied in order to establish significance. Results: The attitude of participants in this study, among 560 women 500 (89%) responded (age group 18-65 years), 53.8% were married. The knowledge about BSE was very low (16%) and out of them 15.6% were practised BSE only once in life time. study shown that prominent age at which women achieve their parity was 20 yrs, among 500 participants 224 women have achieved their parity from age 18 to 30 yrs. Very well known awareness about risk factors of breast cancer were alcohol (64.6%), smoking (64%) and least known awareness risk factors were early menarche (17.2%) and use of red meat (23%). The recovery factors of breast cancer cases were doctors support (95%) and family support (94.5%) as most familiar responses of the holy city Varanasi. Conclusions: The study revealed that the awareness about risk factors and practised of BSE among women in Varanasi is extremely low in comparison with other cities and countries as well (Delhi, Mumbai, Himachal Pradesh, Turkey and Nigeria). However, doctors and health workers may promote the early diagnosis of breast cancer.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the different in isokinetic peak strength of the knee joint, and kinetics and kinematics in drop landing pattern of lower limb between the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) patients and normal. Method: 30 adult females were divided into the PFPS (age: 23.13±2.77 yrs; height: 160.97±3.79 cm, weight: 51.19±4.86 kg) and normal group (age: 22.80±2.54 yrs, height: 164.40±5.77 cm, weight: 56.14±8.16 kg), with 15 subjects in each group. To examine the knee isokinetic peak strength, kinematics and kinetics in peak vertical ground reaction force during drop landing. Results: The knee peak torque (Nm) and relative strength (%) were significantly weaker PFPS group than normal group. In addition, PFPS group had significantly greater hip flexion angle (°) than normal group. Moreover, normal group had significantly greater moment of hip abduction, hip internal rotation, and left ankle eversion than PFPS group, and PFPS group had significantly greater moment of knee internal rotation. Finally, there was significant differences between the groups at anteroposterior center of pressure. Conclusion: The PFPS patients had weakened knee strength, and which can result in an unstable landing pattern and cause of more stress in the knee joints despite to effort of reduce vertical ground reaction force.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

노인들의 고강도 유산소운동시 많은 산소요구량에 의하여 산화적인 스트레스가 증가하고, 결과적으로 함께 발생되는 활성산소는 MDA수준을 증가시킨다. 이렇게 노인들의 강도 높은 운동 중에 발생되는 활성산소에 홍삼복용이 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보기 위하여 젊은이들과 비교하여 연구하였다. 노인들은 젊은이들과 함께 홍삼복용 전 후에 걸쳐 안정시, 운동직 후, 그리고 회복기 30분의 MDA수준이 유의하게 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 홍삼복용은 젊은이들뿐만 아니라 노인들의 축적된 과산화지질을 제거하거나 과산화지질의 생성을 억제하는 항산화 효과가 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.342-346
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• 1999

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 1992년 3월부터 1999년 6월까지 유방암으로 확진된 820례 중 35세 미만인 예는 102례(12.4%)이며 60세 이상인 예는 122례(14.9%)로 젊은 여성에 있어서도 유방암환자가 잦은 빈도로 발견되었다. 유방촬영술 또는 유방초음파검사를 시행한 35세 이하군 49명의 유방촬영술의 병변검색율은 83.8%, 유방암에 대한 민감도는 67.6%이었고, 초음파검사의 병변검색율은 100%, 유방암에 대한 민감도는 87.2%이었다. 60세이상의 대조군 48명 중 유방촬영술을 시행한 경우는 34명이며, 유방초음파검사는 81명에서 시행되었다. 유방촬영술의 병변검색률은 100%, 유방암에 대한 민감도는 91.2%이였고, 초음파검사의 병변겸색율은 100%, 유방암에 대한 민감도는 96.7%이었다(표 2). 조직학적으로는 35세 이하군에서 침윤성 유도관상피암 30명(61.2%), 유도관내 암종 8명(16.3%)이며 핵분열정도는 I이 3.8%, II가 26.9%, III가 39.2%이었고, 60세이상의 대조군에서는 침윤성 유도관상피암 32명(66.6%), 유도관내 암종 4명(8.33%)이고 핵분열정도는 I이 9.4%, II가 31.3%, III가 59.4%이었다(표1, 표3). 결론적으로 35세 이하군의 조직학적 분류상 악성도가 높은 종양이 많고 발생빈도가 60세 이상군과 유의한 차이가 없으므로 조기유방암의 선별을 위해서는 American Cancer Society에서 권장하는 baseline mammogram의 시행시기인 35-40세보다 더 이른 시기에 선별검사가 필요하다고 생각한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2010

This study examines the combined effects of caloric restriction on body composition, blood lipid, and satiety in slightly overweight women by varying food density and aerobic exercise. Twenty-three women were randomly assigned to one of two groups for a four-week weight management program: the high-energy density diet plus exercise (HDE: n = 12, $22{\pm}2$ yrs, $65{\pm}7$ kg, $164{\pm}5$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) and low-energy density diet plus exercise (LDE: n = 11, $22{\pm}1$ yrs, $67{\pm}7$ kg, $161{\pm}2$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) groups. Subjects maintained a low-calorie diet (1,500 kcal/day) during the program. Isocaloric ($483{\pm}26$ for HDE, $487{\pm}27$ kcal for LDE) but different weight ($365{\pm}68$ for HDE, $814{\pm}202$ g for LDE) of lunch was provided. After lunch, they biked at 60% of maximum capacity for 40 minutes, five times per week. The hunger level was scaled (1: extremely hungry; 9: extremely full) at 17:30 each day. Before and after the program, the subjects' physical characteristics were measured, and fasting blood samples were drawn. The daily energy intake was $1,551{\pm}259$ for HDE and $1,404{\pm}150$ kcal for LDE (P > 0.05). After four weeks, the subjects' weights and % fat decreased for both LDE (-1.9 kg and -1.5%, P < 0.05) and HDE (-1.6 kg and -1.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). The hunger level was significantly higher for HDE ($2.46{\pm}0.28$) than for LDE ($3.10{\pm}0.26$) (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a low-energy density diet is more likely to be tolerated than a high-energy density diet for a weight management program combining a low-calorie diet and exercise, mainly because of a reduced hunger sensation.

• 복식
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• 제61권7호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

The study is intended to suggest the differentiated and subdivided indexes of the leisure fashion market and to provide the marketing strategy establishment and in-depth understanding of leisure fashion business by looking into the correlation between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources. This study was conducted by the questionnaire response method and the results were derived by using the SPSS 16.0 statistics program. The results of the study were as follows; 1) As a result of researching the difference between the leisure activities consumer groups and fashion involvement, there were significant differences in emotional and cognitive involvement. In the tour activity group and social activity group, emotional involvement was found to be higher than the cognitive experience while in the hobby and sports activity group, both involvements were equally as high. 2) As a result of researching the difference between the leisure activities groups and clothing selection criteria, it was found that the intrinsic and extrinsic criteria were high in the hobby and sports activity group and that the intrinsic criteria was high in the tour activity group and social activity group. 3) In the difference between the leisure activity groups and fashion information sources, it was found that media source, observation source and experience/personal source were high in the hobby and sports activity group. In addition, the experience and personal source were high in the social activity group. 4) In the difference between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources, it was found that the emotional involvement, intrinsic criteria and observation source were higher in the group of females than males. 5) In the difference between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources depending on the ages of leisure activities consumers, it was found that the emotional involvement and observation source were high in the group of 20-24 yrs old consumers and that the emotional involvement, intrinsic criteria and observation source were high in the group of 25-29 yrs old consumers. Also, in the group of 30-34 yrs old consumers, the emotional involvement, observation source and experience/personal source were high.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

1998년 8월 5일부터 1998년 8월 12일까지 8일간 경상북도 울릉도에서 지역 여성 330명을 대상으로 자궁경부암 발생과 관련된다고 알려진 역학적 요인의 설문과 자궁경부암 집단검진으로 많이 이용되는 자궁경부 Pap. smear를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 검사자의 평균연령은 52.1세였고 50대와 60대의 연령분포가 전체 검사자의 49.0%를 차지하였으며, 교육정도는 중학교 이하가 56.9%로 낮은 교육수준을 나타내었고, 첫 성교연령은 21세 이하가 43.9%를 차지하였고, 첫 임신연령은 21세 이하에서 33.3%로 나타났다. 총 임신횟수는 5회 이상인 대상자는 전체의 52.1%를 차지하였고, 5회 이상의 출산을 한 응답자는 전체의 24.5%였다. 전체의 68.8%에서 유산경험이 있었으며, 대상자의 80.0%에서 남편이 포경수술을 하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 증상은 전체의 52.1%에서 증상이 있다고 응답하였으며, 증상이 있는 응답자의 증상으로는 대하 48.3%, 소양증 21.5%로 나타났다. 자궁암세포검사 경험과 빈도에서 자궁암세포검사를 받아본적이 있는 응답자는 전체의 63.9%였으며, Pap. smear결과와 검사유무의 관찰에서 정상군보다 비전형세포와 이형성증이 있는 군에서 검사를 받아 본 경험이 유의하게 낮게 관찰되었다(p＜0.05).검사를 받아 본 응답자 중 검사경험자의 44.1%에서 단 1회의 검사를 받아보았고, 30.3%는 비정기적으로 검사하였다. 한 번도 검사를 받은 경험이 없는 응답자의 이유로는 특별한 이상이 없었기 때문 51.3%, 부끄러움 때문에 16.8%나타났다. 자궁경부도말의 세포학적 검사결과는 정상 45.8%, 염증 47.3%, 트리코모나스증과 캔디다증이 1.8%, 비정형세포 4.5%, 이형성증이 0.6%였다.인되어, 국내에서도 진드기 교상시 이들 두 가지 열성질환이 동시에 감염될 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료됨으로 진드기 매개성 열성질환에 대한 적절한 진단법 등을 보다 체계적으로 연구하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.A typing 방법은 비교적 빠른 시간 내에 많은 종류의 HLA 대립 유전자형을 정확하게 구분할 수 있으므로 앞으로 tissue typing 실험실에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 DNA typing방법을 이용하여 분석한 한국인의 HLA-class I, II 유전자군의 유전자형 빈도는 골수이식을 비롯한 각종 이식검사, 특수 질환 관련검사나 인류유전학연구 등 HLA 유전자의 임상적 활용을 위한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.있음을 볼 수 있으며 하루 세끼의 식사형태에서 밥을 중심으로 하는 비율은 국내 보다 크게 낮았지만 여전히 다른 식사형태 보다 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 한국 고유의 식문화 특성을 가지면서 거주지역의 식품생산 및 사회 문화적 특성에 영향을 받음으로써 거주국의 식품, 식사 형태, 조리방법을 도입하는 등 부분적으로 변화가 진행되고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.가장 시급한 개선점이라고 생각된다. 따라서 효과적인 급식운영을 하기 위해서는 학교식당은 맛, 다양한 메뉴의 식단, 위생, 가격의 저렴 등을 통해서 급식대상자들이 만족한 급식을 할 수 있도록 체계적인 관리 및 운영을 통해 적극적으로 개선해 나가야 할 것으로 사료된다.er (p<0.05), $T_{max}$ might be an insignificant parameter because cyclosporin A generally requires long-term administration. From these results, the two products

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing folate intake in women of reproductive age. We developed a 30-item FFQ, and tested the reliability and validity in 97 women aged between 20 and 39 yrs using the FFQs and 24-h recalls, which were carried out twice, respectively. Assessing the reliability, the correlation coefficients were 0.53 (Spearman's) and 0.49 (Pearson's) for folate. There was no significant difference of folate intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. 36.1% subjects were classified into the same quartile and 83.5% into the same or adjacent quartile divided by folate intake. On determining the validity, the mean folate intake obtained from the FFQ (FFQ1) and 24h-recalls (2-d) were $306.6{\pm}167.2{\mu}g/d$ and $326.9{\pm}103.3{\mu}g/d$, respectively. There was no significant difference between folate intakes from the two methods. The correlation coefficients for folate were 0.24 (Spearman's) and 0.26 (Pearson's). 39.2% of the subjects were categorized into the same quartile and 70.1% were into the same or adjacent quartile. In addition, sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (62.3%) were estimated to evaluate the adequacy of folate intake. These results suggest that this FFQ would be a useful and a valuable instrument to assess the intake of folate among the Korean women of child-bearing age.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of aquatic walking exercise on gait and balance parameters of elderly women. Method: 15 elderly people were recruited for this study (age: 73.20±5.19 yrs, height: 153.87±3.36 cm, mass: 60.33±5.73 kg). All variables were measured using Gaitview AFA-50. The variables were the heel contact time ratio, gait angle, and M/P change ratio for gait patterns and ENV, REC, RMS, Total Length, TLC, Sway velocity, and Length/ENV for balance abilities. A paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out to verify the differences in the test scores after participating in the water walking program. The significance level for all statistical analyses was set to α=.05. Results: As for the changes in their walking function after the exercise, heel contact time ratio (p<.01) showed a statistical significance, while gait angle and M/P change ratio did not reveal statistically significant differences. In the test of balance ability on both feet and with eyes opened, statistical significance was found in ENV, REC, RMS, TLC (p<.01), and sway velocity (p<.05), while the test with eyes closed showed statistical significance in length/ENV as well as ENV, REC, RMS, sway velocity (p<.01) TLC, and total length (p<.05). As for the single-leg stance balance ability, ENV and REC revealed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: These results show that water walking is effective for improving the function of the ankle flexor muscles, providing stability to the ankle joint during walking and helping efficient walk. In addition, it is also expected to help prevent falls due to loss of balance by improving the stability of lower extremity muscles and trunk.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 1995

Many oocytes fail to fertilize and cleave in vitro and many embryos transferred back to uterus fail to implant or maintain implantation. Chromosomal abnormalities in the male and female gametes may contribute to this loss. The higher incidence of meiotic chromosomal abnormalities bas been found in oocytes than in sperm. The wide range of incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes has been reported in human IVF program (26-63%). However, factors affecting chromosomal abnormalities are not well understood. The present study has been conducted to investigate effects of the method for ovarian hyperstimulation, women's age, and the number of oocytes retrieved per patients on the incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Five hundred eighty four unfertilized metaphase II oocytes were subjected to chromosomal analysis. Included unfertilized oocytes were from 220 patients (mean $age=32.7{\pm}3.0$) and three hundred thirty oocytes were legible for analysis. Two hundred fourty five oocytes out of 330 (73.3%) were normal, while 38 (11.5%) were hyperploidy, 35 (10.6%) were hypoploidy, and 12 (3.6%) were diploidy. Significant difference in chromosomal abnormalities was not found between two patient groups stimulated by follicular stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotrophin (FSH/HMG) (25.9%) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist/follicular stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotrophin (GnRHa/FSH/HMG) (28%). There was a tendency of increasing chromosomal abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes from older patients (<30 yrs: 20.3%, 30-34yrs: 26.9%, >34 yrs: 35.3%). The number of oocytes retrieved per patient had no effect the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (1-5: 31. 4%, 6-10: 29.8%, 11-15: 28.6%, > 15: 16.5%). These results from the present study suggest that the chromosomal abnormalities observed in the unfertilized oocytes has not affected by the stimulation methods, patient's age, and the number of oocytes retrieved per patients.