• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

Objective and Methods : To study the prevalence and patterns of common dermatoses and compare these to previous reports, we reviewed 128 new outpatients who visited Allergy/Derma-cosmetic Clinic at Kyung Hee Neo Medical Center in Gang-Dong area of Seoul from January to June, 2007. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Among the 128 outpatients, the total number of male patients were 40(31.2%) and female patients were 88(68.8%). 2. In the age distribution, the most frequently visited age groups were 10-19 years old and 20-29 years old(each 21.1%). 3. The most common dermatoses were atopic dermatitis(27.3%), acne(14.1%), allergic contact dermatitis(11.7%), other eczemas(7.8%) and seborrheic dermatitis(7.0%). 4. Among atopic dermatitis patients, the most populated age groups were 0-9 years old and 10-19 years old(each 37.1%), these results are different from past studies revealing that 0-9 years old patients are dominant. 5. Among acne patients, the most frequent age groups were 20-29 years old(50%) and 30-39 years old(27.8%), these results are different from past studies revealing that 20-29 years old and 10-19 years old patients are dominant. 6. Among Allergic contact dermatitis patients, each age group showed no difference of population. And Allergic contact dermatitis patients visited outpatients department at early stage. Conclusion : This study shows that Oriental medicine is popular especially in atopic dermatitis, acne and allergic contact dermatitis. We should investigate long-period and multi-centered study in order to know prevalence tendency of dermatoses in Oriental Medicine. And it is nessessary to research using more efficient evaluation method and treatment for these special diseases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

We analyzed 121 age estimation clients who had visited oral medicine clinic, Chonbuk National University Hospital, from January 2000 to December 2007 to evaluate its characters in Jeonllabuk-do. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was distinct difference in sex distribution(Male : 58.7%, Female : 41.3%) and more than half percent(55.4%) was over 50's. 2. The difference between registered and alleged age was the most in more than 5 years, and most of them were over 50's. 3. There were more clients who wanted to increase their age than to decrease and was no prominent difference in sex. Age estimation clients who wanted to decrease their age were predominant under 10 years old and in 20's, and those wanted to increase were predominant in 10's and over 30's. 4. The most reasons to correct age were related to welfare benefit. The purpose of age estimation was different according to each age groups; welfare benefit was the most over 50's, occupation in 40's and 50's, friendship in 30's and 40's, sibling-related in 50's, employment in 10's and 20's. 5. Age was estimated by the attrition of permanent tooth and pulp/tooth ratio from 20 years, root apex closure for 10's and calcification of permanent tooth under 10 years old. In cases that were difficult to estimate by use of the attrition of permanent tooth and pulp/tooth ratio, age was estimated by missing time of permanent tooth and the change of mandibular angle with age. 6. The estimated ages were close to alleged age in 77.7% of clients but the rest(22.3%) was close to registered age.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2006

Population ecology of Cobitis tetralineata was examined at Churyeong Stream, Seomjin River, Korea. C. tetralineata inhabited on the sand bottoms with $10{\sim}20cm/see$ in current velocity, and $30{\sim}150cm$ in water depth. This species was active on the sand during the daylight hours from March to October, but they hibernated in the inside of the sand during the winter season. Sex ratio of female to male was 1:0.57, and female was $20{\sim}30mm$ (TL) larger than male. The age group of C. tetralineata (female) population showed that the $20{\sim}40mm$ group is 0+ years old, the $45{\sim}65mm$ group 1+ years old, the $65{\sim}90mm$ group 2+ years old, and the group longer than 90 mm over 3 years old. Males $13{\sim}14$ months old after hatching had lamina circularis at the base of its pectoral fin as a secondary sexual character. And in its spawning season, lateral color pattern of male was changed as a sexual dimorphism. The spawning season may be from late June to middle July, $22{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ water temperature. The average number of mature eggs in ovary was about $1,288{\pm}583(474{\sim}2,976)$, egg diameter was about $0.98{\pm}0.1mm$. C. tetralineata fed mainly on Chironomidae, Arcellidae, Branchioda and Algae. The feeding rate was the highest in April and September, but they did not fed in the winter.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1895-1899
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• 2012

Background and Aims: Liver cancer is a major health problem in low-resource countries. Approximately 55% of all liver cancer occurs in China. Hebei Province is one of the important covering nearly 6% of the population of China. The aim of this paper was to explore liver cancer mortality trends during past 30 years, and provide basic information on prevention strategies. Methods: Hebei was covered covered all the three national surveys during 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005 and one provincial survey during 1984-1986. Subjects included all cases dying from liver cancer in Hebei Province. Liver cancer mortality trend and geographic differences across cities and counties were analyzed. Results: There were 82,878 deaths in Hebei Province during 2004-2005 with an average mortality rate was 600.9/10,000, and an age-adjusted rate of 552.3/10,000. Those dying of cancer were 18,424 cases, accounting for 22.2% of all deaths, second only to cerebrovascular disease as a cause of death. Cancer mortality was 133.6/100,000 (age-adjusted rate was 119.2/100,000). Liver cancer ranked fourth in this survey with a mortality rate of 21.0/100,000, 28.4/100,000 in males and 13.35/10,000 in females, accounting for 15.7%, 17.1% and 13.4% of the total number of cancer deaths and in males and females, respectively. The sex ratio was 2.13. Since the 1970s, liver cancer deaths of Hebei province have been increasing slightly. The crude mortality rates in the four surveys were 11.3, 16.0, 17.4, 21.0 per 100,000, respectively, with age-adjusted rates fluctuating during the past 30 years, but the trend also being upwards. There is a tendency for the mortality rates to be higher in coastal than mountain areas, and is relative lower in the plain area, with crude mortality rates of 25.3, 22.1, and 19.1 per 100,000, respectively. There were no notable differences in cride data between urban and rural, but the age-adjusted mortality rate in rural was much higher. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the mortality of liver cancer in Hebei Province is lower than the national average level. There is a slightly increase trend, especially in some counties. Liver cancer is a major health problem and it is necessary to further promote prevention strategies in Hebei province.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 1992

Clinical studies were done on 18 people chosen from admission patients didn't have will of stop-smoking who were treated with the auricular acupuncture therapy to stop-smoking in the Dep. of the Acupuncture and Moxibution, Hospital of Oriental Medicine in Dae Jeon University from 1991. 5. 28 to 1991. 6. 15. The following results have obtained 1. Distribution of sex; male(83%), Female(17%) 2. In the distribution of age, 30s age group made up 33.3%, 20s, 50s, 60s age group made up each 16.6%, 40s made up 11.1%, 70s made up 5.5% of the group. 3. Distribution of occupation in descending order; labour man(38.8%), businessman(22.4%), housewife, office woker was each 16.6%, students(5.5%). 4. Distribution of human coporal constitution in descending order; Tae-Eum-In(50%), So-Yang-In(27.8%), So-Eum-In(22.2%). 5. Distribution of statring tense to smoking in descending order; 10s, 20s, were each 44. 4%, 30s(11.1%). 6. Distribution of duration in descending order; 10-19years(33.3%), 40-49years(22.2%), 1-9, 20-29years were each 16.6%, 30-39years(11.1%). 7. Distribution of smoking amount(1day) in descending order; 11-20 cigarettes(38.8%), 21-30 cigarettes(22.7%), 1-10 cigarettes, 31-40 cigarettes were each 16.6%. 8. Distribution of the motive to smoking in descending order; curiosity(61.1%), hyperemesis gravidarum, abdominal pain, stress, inducement. 9. Distribution of symptoms within smoking in descending order; sputum(83%), liver disorder(11%), stomach disorder(6%). 10. Distribution in symptoms of post treatment of stop-smoking by acupuncture in descending order; nausea, headache were 12%, ear-radiating pain(6%), no variation(82%). 11. Distribution in change of cigarettes taste after the auricular acupuncture treatment; some decrease, complete decrease were each 38. 8%, decrease of post taste in smoking, burning-paper odored were each 5.5%, no variation(11.1%). 12. Total judgement of efficacy in descending order; excellent(50. 0%), good(28.8%), fair(10. 0%), failure(11.1%).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2018

This study is a qualitative investigation that used Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological method to evaluate the meaning and nature of the experience of dialysis of eight long-term (>30 years) hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Data were collected from February 27, 2017 to May 30, 2017 by in-depth interviews. Respondents were then divided into three categories, 'entirely different life', 'getting back up again' and 'focusing on survival' with nine theme clusters and 22 themes. In general, patients initially experienced an entirely different life and overcame a difficult situation when beginning dialysis, then came to know methods for self-care, shared the experience of dialysis, and focused on survival while receiving dialysis over the long-term. Development of variety of education methods depending on long-term experience of dialysis and nursing care intervention to enable chronic patients to adapt to dialysis and continue their own self-management is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.535-539
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• 2009

The time of seed collection is regarded as one of major concerns to obtain sound seeds. The physical and germinal aspects of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Taxodiaceae) seeds were analyzed to determine the optimum harvesting time in Korea. Cones were picked every 10 days from the $30^{th}$ of July to the $30^{th}$ of October in both 2005 and 2006. Seeds were collected from picked cones. Seed size and weight were not significant in two consecutive years. The 1,000-seed weight was 3.3 g for cones picked at the $18^{th}$ of August and 5.3 g for cones picked at the $30^{th}$ of September. The size of seeds was increased as the time of collection from the $18^{th}$ of August to the $30^{th}$ of September: from 19.3 mm to 21.3 mm in length and from 15.8 mm to 18.5 mm in width. Average germination rates in 2005 was 18.3% and 19.6% in 2006. The highest germination rate was 34.3% from seeds collected at the $30^{th}$ of September in 2005. In 2006, the highest germination rate was 31.7% for seeds collected at the same date as the 2005 seeds. After the end of September, germination rate was decreased in both years. The results implied that the best cone picking time for Korean C. japonica seeds is around the end of September.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.66-75
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of muscle energy technique and stretching on pain and pressure pain fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in patients with chronic back pain aged 30~40 years. Design: Pretest-Posttest design: single blind. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30, 22 males and 8 females between the ages of 30 and 40 with chronic back pain. Each group consists of three groups of 10 people. Changes in back pain were observed using Korean version of Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ). And the change in tenderness was observed using digital pressure statistics. Changes between groups after 3 weeks were compared with those before the experiment using one way ANOVA to determine the changes after 3 weeks. And the change within the group was investigated using the paired t-test. Results: As a result of the experiment, there were significant differences in the group changes in K-ODI, VAS, FABQ, and pressure pain (p<0.05). And there was a significant difference in all items after 3 weeks compared to before the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with chronic back pain, the muscle energy technique and stretching gave a significant difference in pain and pressure pain, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire changes. And this result suggests the possibility of providing basic data for future research and clinical physiotherapy intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out determine the effect of plowing depth and heavy fertilization on the yield and quality of Burley tobacco. In the experiment, three plowing depth (10, 20, 30cm) and three levels of compound fertilizer (138, 166, 193kg/10a) were employed with split plot design for three years (1976-1978). Yield and quality were increased with deeper plowing and heavier fertilization. Yield was increased by 5% at the plowing depth of 30cm and 13% at the fertilizing level, 193kg/10a. The value per kg was increased by 2% plowing depth of 30cm and at the fertilization of 193kg/10a, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the clothing attitude of Chinese students in korea according to gender, socio-economic level and resident period. The survey was conducted from October 30th to November 25th 2008, and 267 questionnaires were used for the analysis. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test with SPSS 12.0. The results were as follows: 1. Most of Chinese students were middle-class Han race and they have been staying in Korea for 3 years. 2. Fashion leadership was classified as Innovation and Opinion leading factor; conformity as Nonconformity, Identification, and Norm consciousness; pursuit benefit as Practicality, Economy, and Aesthetic. 3. The Innovation factor was highly marked in female student group, the Opinion leading factor was higher in high-class group, and the pursuit benefit factor was significantly different between less than three years group and over three years group who have been in Korea. 4. We need to recommend best-design clothes for high-class Chinese female students who have been in Korea for over three years, and low-price clothes for less than 3 years.