• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.25-57
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 인터넷 점포에서 의류상품 구매후기를 작성하는 동기의 유형을 규명하는 한편 작성 동기 유형에 따라 인터넷 점포 고객들을 범주화하고, 각 집단의 작성행동, 인터넷 구매 행동, 인구사회적 특성의 차이를 규명하였다. 초점집단 면접과 온라인 서베이를 통해 연구되었으며, 정량적 연구에서는 의류상품 구매후기를 읽은 경험과 작성한 경험이 많은 국내 인터넷 점포 여성 고객 252명을 대상으로 자료가 수집되었다. 연구결과, 인터넷 점포에서 구매후기를 작성하는 동기 유형은 이타적 정보 공유, 불만해소 및 보복, 경제적 보상 추구, 상품 개발 지원, 감동 표현으로 나타났다. 특히, 작성행동에 대한 영향력이 큰 동기는 이타적 정보 공유 동기와 경제적 보상 추구 동기였다. 인터넷 점포 고객은 작성동기 유형에 따라 소비자 옹호 집단, 이익 추구 집단, 중도적 집단으로 범주화되었으며, 세 집단은 구매후기 작성행동, 인터넷 구매빈도, 인구사회적 요인들에서 차별적 특성을 보였다. 소비자 옹호 집단과 이익 추구 집단을 대상으로 인터넷 점포 구전 채널 관리 방안이 제시되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 1968

Introduction In order to improve medical education through the introduction of a concept of comprehensive health care of a community, an area surrounding the University Campus was chosen for the Community Health Service Project. It has been on operation for last 4 years with its major emphasis on family planning services, and maternal and child health care. The major objectives of this survey at the area are to obtain: 1) The demographic data, 2) The health need and trend of medical care, 3) The attitude and practice in maternity care to be used for further improvement of the planning and the services of the project. Population and Survey Method Out of three Dongs of the Community Health Service Area, only two Dongs namely Changchun and Yonhee were selected for the survey. Total number of households and population in the area studied was 3,683 and 21,857 respectively. An interview was performed with questionnaire schedule which was recorded by interviewers. This includes the degree of utilization of health services provided by the Community Health Service Program such as family planning, prenatal care during their last pregnancy, delivery history and complications of the delivery as well as the incidence of illnesses in general. Prior to the interview, all interviewers were trained for interviewing technique for two days. The survey was carried out during the period from October December 1967. Results 1) Demographic Data : 41.3% of the population studied were children under age 15 and only 3.5% were over 60 years of age. Crude birth rate and crude death rate of this area studied during the period of November 1966-October 1967 were 20.5 and 7.7 respectively. Infant mortality rate during the same period was 35.9. 50.4% of the 2,832 households fell into the category of middle class, 39.8% to the lower class and 9.5% to the upper class in economic condition. 19.8% of 2,832 householders had no formal education, 22.7% primary school, and 57.5% middle or higher school education. 2) Health Status and Utilization of the Community Health Service: Those who suffered from many illnesses during the month of October, 1967 were 690(4.6% of 14,891 persons). Classification of these patients into the type of disease shown respiratory diseases 27.4%, gastrointestinal diseases 18.1%, tuberculosis 10.9%, skin and genitourethral diseases 4.5% and gynecologic patients 4.5%. Only 55.9% of the patients received medical care at hospital or doctor's clinic. But among TB and gynecologic patients, 70.7% and 72.4% were treated at medical facilities. 10.6% of 2,832 householders interviewed has ever utilized the Community Health Service Program provided by the Yonsei Medical School, Classifying these clients into the type of service, 35.9% utilized the wellbaby clinic, 31.0% the family planning clinic, 14.7% the home delivery care, and the rest utilized other services such as the premarital guidance cinlic and the sanitary inspection service. 3) Maternity Care: 23.6% of 2,151 deliveries were done at medical facilities such as hospital, private clinic, while 76.4% were done at home. Acceptance rate of prenatal care was 32.6% as whole, but 49.6 of 774 women who had the prenatal care service had their deliveries at medical facility. 45.1% of total deliveries were attended by medical and or paramedical personnel. 75.8% of the deliveries of those received prenatal care were attended by medical and or paramedical personnel while only 27.8% of the deliveries of those who did not have prenatal care attended by medical and or paramedical personnel. 49.8% of deliveries of the upper class, 29.8% of the middle class and 9.9% of the lower class were attended by medical and or paramedical personnel. 6.2, 3.3% and 24.8% of mothers reported about their xeperience of edema, coma and fever during the period of trimester of pregnancy and puerperium. 4) Family Planning: The rate of practice of family planning was 27.9%. 31.7% of them were by IUD, 2.9% by oral pill, 15.2% by sterilization and the rest by traditional methods. Those women who had 3 to 4 children had highest(30.2%). Practice rate among the various methods of family planning, oral pill was the most popular method to whom had 2 or less children. In relation between the practicing rate of family planning and living standard, the upper, middle and lower class practiced 37.5, 29.4 and 19.9% respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1971

Nutritional anemia is an important nutritional problem affecting large population groups in most developing countries. Nutritional anemia is caused by the absence of any dietary essential involed in hemoglobin formation or by poor absorption of these dietary components. The most likely causes are lack of dietary iron, and folate, vitamin $B_{12}$ and high qualify protein. Anemia is considered to be a late mainfeastation of nutritional deficiencies, and even mild anemia is not the earilest sign of such a deficiency. Therefore, the object of therapy is to correct underlying deficiency rather than merely its manifestation. Iron deficiency anemia is generally much the most common form of anemia. And it is very prevalent particularly in pregnant women and young children, especially under five year of life. According to the rapid growth rate of infants, dietary iron should he provided for infants over three months of age in adequate amounts for the synthesis of hemoglobin required by the increasing blood volume and for the demands of newly formed cells. The principal causes of iron deficiency anemia are an inadequate dietary iron content, interference with absorption of iron from the intestine, excessive losses of iron from the body, disturbance of iron metabolism by infection, and social and cultural environments. The present study is planned to obtain informations concerning nutritional anemia through anthropometric and biochemical determinations for the assessment of nutriture in pre-school children. Determination was taken in 226 pre-school children in ruraI arae in 1968, 122 pre-school children in 1970, and 1526 hospitalized pre-school children in 1970. The results of this study are as follows; (1) According to Iowa Malnutrition Borderline (85 percentile) for weight, the proportions of underweighed pre-school boys and girls in rural area were 47.2% and 46.2% in1968, and were 36.1% and 51.8% in 1970. According to Iowa Malnutrition Borderline for height, the proportions of underheight boys and girls in rural area were 30.5% and 33.7%, and were 26.2% and 21.8% in 1970. Malnutrition scores of underweight for height values of boys and girls in rural area were 19.3 and 17.3 in 1968, and the scores of boys and girls were 15.6 and 15.5 in 1970. (2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in rural area were $11.2{\pm}1.8g/100ml\;and\;11.4{\pm}1.6g/100ml$ in 1968. In 1970, the mean values of boys and girls in rural area were $11.3{\pm}1.3g/100ml\;and\;11.7{\pm}2.4g/100ml$. The mean hemoglobin values of hospitalized boys and girls were $11.9{\pm}2.2g/100ml\;and\;11.7{\pm}2.4g/100ml$ in 1970. It is found that 92 of 215 children (42.7%) in rural area had concentrations of hemoglobin less than 11.0g/100ml in 1968. In 1970, 55 of 121 children (45.4%) in rural area and 559 of 1526 hospitalized children (36.6%) had concentrations of hemoglobin less than 11.0g/100ml. (3) The mean hematocrit levels of hospitalized boys and girls were $35{\pm}26.8%\;and\;35.4{\pm}6.4%$ in 1970. And 443 of 1334 hospitalized children (33.2%) had hematocrit values below 33%. (4) The average mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels of hospitalized boys and girls were $32.4{\pm}2.2\;and\;32.3{\pm}2.2$ in 1970. And 1016 of 1352 hospitalized children (75.1%) had the mean corpuscular hemoglobin values below 34. (5) The mean iron values of young children in rural area and hospitalized children were $62.0{\pm}6.3{\mu}g/100ml\;and\;60.7{\pm}22.8{\mu}g/100ml$. The proportions of anemia cases below $50{\mu}g/100ml$ in rural area was 37.9%, and 34.3% in hospitalized children. (6) The mean total iron binding capacity of young children in rural area was $376{\pm}57.88{\mu}g/100ml,\;and\;342.2{\pm}6.15{\mu}g/100ml$ in hospitalized children. (7) The average transferrin saturation percentage of young children in rural area was $16.9{\pm}4.7%,\;and\;18.0{\pm}8.4%$ in hospitalized children. The proportions of anemia cases below 15% of young chi1dren in rural area and hospitalized children were 48.3% and 41.2%. Therefore, authors wish to recommend that the following further studies should be undertaken: (1) Standardization of simplied laboratory examination of nutritional anemia. (2) The prevalence of nutritional anemia and the requirements of iron, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ of pre-school children. (3) The content and absorption of iron in Korean food. (4) The pathogenesis of nutritional anemia and prevention of parasitic disease. (5) Maternal health and nutrition education.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 1990

전북(全北) 김제군(金堤郡) 죽산면(竹山面) 죽산리(竹山里) 죽산천(竹山川)서 채집(採集) 가시납지리친어(親魚)를 사육(飼育)하던 중 1989년(年) 4월(月) 11일(日)에 인공수정(人工受精)을 시켜 난발생(卵發生), 자어(仔魚)의 발육(發育) 및 자어(仔魚)의 표피상돌기(表皮上突起)를 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 완숙란(完熟卵)의 형태(形態)는 동물극(動物極)쪽이 조금 뾰족하고 그 주위(周圍)에 둥그스럼한 3∼4개(個)의 돌기(突起)가 있으며 그 중심부(中心部)에 난문(卵門)이 있다. 난막(卵膜)은 얇으나 제리상(狀)인 점액물질(粘液物質)로 덮여 있어서 흐리고 반투명(半透明)이며 약(弱)한 점착성(粘着性)이 있다. 전장(全長) 89.40 mm인 자친어(雌親魚)로부터 배를 눌러 얻은 완숙란(完熟卵)의 크기는 $2.09{\pm}0.04{\times}1.26{\pm}0.02mm$로 한번에 평균(平均) 304립(粒)이 얻어졌다. 자어(仔魚)의 발육형태(發育形態)는 대체(大體)로 큰납지리와 유사(類似)했다. 즉(卽) 자어(仔魚)의 표피상돌기(表皮上突起)는 몸 전체(全體)의 표피상(表皮上)에 사면형돌기(斜面型突起)가 분포(分布)되었고 S자형(字型)으로 몸을 꿈틀거리는듯한 운동(運動)을 한다. 이러한 형질(形質)은 납지리, 큰납지리, Pseudoperilampus typus, Acheilognathus longipinnis등(等)과의 공유형질(共有形質)인 점(點)으로부터 이들 종(種)과 근연관계(近緣關係)에 있다고 추정(推定)된다. 또 위의 4 종중(種中) 큰납지리를 제외(除外)한 3 종(種)을 모두 추계산란형(秋季産卵型)인데 본(本) 종(種)과 큰납지리는 봄에서 초여름에 걸쳐서 산란(産卵)을 한다. 따라서 본(本) 종(種)과 큰납지리의 개체발생(個體發生)이 추계산란형(秋季産卵型)의 개체발생(個體發生)과 유사(類似)한 점(點)이 많다는 사실(事實)은 추계산란형(秋季産卵型)의 출현(出現)을 고찰(考察)하는데 매우 중요(重要)하다고 생각된다.한편 본(本) 종(種)과 큰납지리는 배기기조수(背??條數) 차리외(差異外)에도 완숙란(完熟卵)의 형태(形態) 차리(差異) 그리고 치어(稚魚)의 배기(背?)의 흑색(黑色) 반문(斑紋)이 큰납지리는 타원형(楕圓形)인데 본(本) 종(種)은 삼각형(三角形)인 점등(點等)의 형질(形質)로도 식별(識別)된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

이 연구는 산업장 근로자가 인지하는 구강 증상 및 전반적 건강상태에 따른 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 관한 요인을 파악함으로써 근로자의 구강건강을 실제적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 구강건강증진사업 및 산업구강보건제도 개선에 필요한 기초자료로 제공하고자 하며, 2011년 8월 8일부터 8월 31일까지 경상북도 소재의 대한산업보건협회에서 건강검진을 받는 산업장 근로자 총294명을 대상으로 최종 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 남자 중 30대가 38.9%, 여자는 20대가 39.3%를 차지하여 남녀간의 차이를 보였고 (p<.000), 근속년수는 남자가 3년 미만이 29.8%, 여자는 3-5년이 35.0%를 차지하여 남녀간의 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 학력에서는 남자는 대졸 39.7%, 여자는 전문대졸 49.7% 로 남녀간의 차이를 보였고(p<.000), 결혼유무에서는 남자가 미혼 57.3%, 여자는 기혼 52.1%로 남녀간의 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 가구소득에서는 남자가 200-299만원 33.6%, 여자는 300-399만원 26.4%로 남녀간의 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 2. 구강내 관련 증후 및 증상은 '혀 또는 입 안쪽 뺨이 욱신거리거나 아픈 경우'가 남녀간의 유의미한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 3. 일반적 특성에 따른 구강건강관련 삶의 질 점수는 70만점에 남자가 52.34점, 여자가 51.11 점으로 남자의 구강건강관련 삶의 질 점수가 높았다. 4. 전반적 건강상태에 따른 OHIP-14는 기능적 제한영역, 신체적 동통영역, 정신적 불안영역, 신체적 장애영역, 정신적 장애영역, 사회적 장애영역 및 사회적 분리영역 모든 세부영역에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<.05). 5. 주관적 구강건강상태에 따른 OHIP-14는 '건강한 편이다' 57.27점으로 가장 높았고, '매우 건강하다' 52.75점, '보통이다' 52.40점, '건강하지 않다' 49.24점, '매우 건강하지 않다' 42.50점으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.000). 6. 구강내 증후 및 증상에서 따른 OHIP-14는 불편감이 적은 군에서 52.89점으로 높게 나타났으며(p=0.000), 세부적으로는 기능적 제한에서 3.61점(p=0.008), 신체적 동통에서 3.52 점(p=0.000), 정신적 불안 3.79점(p=0.000), 정신적 장애 3.90점(p=0.000), 사회적 장애 3.87 점(p=0.002), 사회적 분리에서 4.06점으로 높게 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p=0.000). 결론적으로 구강내 증후 및 증상이 적을수록, 전반적인 건강상태 및 구강건강상태가 좋다고 인식함으로써 구강건강관련 삶의 질이 높다고 평가되었다. 산업장 근로자들의 삶의 질 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있도록 근로자 특성에 맞는 효과적인 교육매체와 적합한 교육방법, 구강검진과 계속구강건강관리와 같은 산업구강보건제도의 체계화가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.238-252
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• 1998

Reumatic arthritis is a disease with joint pain being one of the key symptoms. The patient suffers from the pain, stiff sensation and edema due to the inflammation taking Place In one or more joints. Accompanying these problems are fatigue, unusual exhaustion, fever, tachycardia and weakness. Inaddition, joints are often deformed and muscles shrink along with the progress of edema, coupled with depression and psychological instability resulting from the loss of the mobile function and limitations on the daily life. Some patients become fed up with the long and hard flight with the disease and just give up, which aggravates the symptoms. Others come to the hospital only when the conditions have become serious. We need to prevent these and guide the patients in the right direction. Against this backdrop, this study aims to look into the relations between the knowledge on the part of the patients together with their feeling of self-efficacy and the compliance. The results are expected to help the patients improve their life, In addition to providing useful materials for setting up appropriate plan for nursing intervention. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaire to 88 patients selected from the out-patient department of a university hospital in Inchon, from April 6 to 27, 1998. The following tools were used the yardstick of self-efficacy, developed in 1997 by the Society for the Health of Rheumatism Patients, was used for measuring the levels of knowledge and the feeling of self-efficacy. The degree of compliance was measured by the data collected from documents in addition to the results of the analysis of the interviews with the patients. The reliability of the tools was confirmed. In the analysis, the general characteristics were expressed in figures and percentages. The levels of knowledge, feeling of self-efficacy, and compliance were expressed in the average values and standard deviations. The relations among the variables following the general characteristics were analysed by the t-test and one-way ANOVA. The Pearson correction coefficient was used for the analysis of factors. Multiple-loop analysis was used to identify the variables affecting the compliance. The following are the results of this study. 1. Among the 88 patients, 18 were men and the remaining 70 were women, with a ratio 1 : 3.87. Regarding the age groups, 23 were between 50 and 59 years old, with those between 50 and 69 accounting for 51.1% of the total. High school graduates or higher amounted to 58%. Religious patients was 67% or 59 persons. Fifty nine percent were unemployed, and 58.3% (49 persons) had two children or fewer. The period of suffering from rheumatism varied between 2 months and IS years, with 70% less than years. 2. The average figure In relation to the of knowledge was 17.63 points over 30 or 58. 76%, which means a medium level. 3. The average figure of the feeling of self-efficacy was 60.06 points. 4. The level of compliance was 3.26, which was above average. 5. The relation between the feeling of self-efficacy and compliance showed an "r" value of 0.37, which was significant. It means that the higher the feeling, the greater the compliance points. 6. The analysis of the knowledge level revealed that the difference is found only between the college graduates and junior-high graduates or lower. 7. The feeling of self-efficacy varied along with the age and education level. 8. The general characteristics of patients as discussed above did not show significant difference with the compliance. 9. Regarding the elements influencing the compliance, the number of children, period of suffering, income, age, feering of self-efficacy, knowledge, and compliance had 54% of significance. In conclusion, rheumatism victims can lead a better life if they are appropriately educated, based on efficient training program from the early days of the disease ; if they become able to manage themselves thanks to the training ; and if they are helped by a program focusing on the increase of the feeling of self-efficacy aimed at changing patient's behavior.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 1991

An eating behavior research was done with 50 females at a buffet styled restaurant during their lunch time. Of the respondents, 52.0% were professional and 54.0% were graduate school graduates. Of the respondents, 58.0% of the company were friends and 24.0% were relatives. The average time period of eating was $93.0{\pm}23.4$ minutes. The average frequency of taking food was $4.0{\pm}1.1$ and the average frequency of taking food after satiety was $1.4{\pm}0.8$. It is significant that lower frequency of food consumption was directly proportional to the age groups of respondents. The average selected food items were $30.4{\pm}7.1$ out of 175 and the average weight of the consumed food was $995.0{\pm}240.9$ g. The older age group chose a similar number of food items, but the amount of each food item was considerably less than younger. So the younger the age group was, the more they ate. The average food items at one time was $7.1{\pm}2.2$ and the average food weight time was $233.7{\pm}69.7$ g. The percentage of respondents who evaluated themselves as 'ate too much' was 70.0% and those who evaluate themselves 'ate properly' was 14.0%. Most of them were satisfied with the buffet service. The average of number of food items consumed by respondents before cooking was $50.5{\pm}8.9$. The consumption of calories and nutrients was compared with the Korean Daily Recommended Dietary Allowances. The consumed calories were 60.9% of RDAs, protein 104.4%, calcium 77.1%, iron 129.8%, vitamin A 66.5%, thiamin 96.0%, riboflavin 95.7%, niacin126.6% and ascorbic acid 112.3%. This data exceeded 1/3 of the Korean Daily RDAs tremendously and tells us extreme overeating. The energy ratio of carbohydrate: fat: protein was 51.6: 29.9: 18.5. Caloric consumption of animal food was 27.9% and the consumption rate of the other nutrients from animal food was considerably high. But the consumption rate of vitamin A was 90.9% from vegetable groups. Accoding to this study, buffet service gives some advantages. It gives customers an good opportunity to vary their food intake, which enhances eating experiences and can cause an improvemont of food habits. But overeating is a problem. Therefore, we think it is necessary for those women who have influence over their family's food selection, to have nutrition education about a desirable order of eating a meal, food selection, and health problems due to overeating at buffet styled restaurant. There should be some improvement in the management of buffet service. For example, proper temperature, texture, and freshness of the food should be maintained. Prevention of mixed food smells should be considered as well. To lower the price it is desirable to reduce the number of similar items and to use seasonal food as much as possible. A buffet styled restaurant with less food items with cheaper prices is recommended. Various traditional food should be developed for the menu items. We expect buffet services to be sutable to maintain good health and to be popular to any eater.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2013

본 연구를 통해 중국소비자들에게 한식 양념된 후 진공저온에서 조리된 닭고기 버거와 중국 현지에서 시판 중인 닭고기 패티버거의 기호도 차이를 조사하기 위해 20-30대 북경 거주 여성을 대상으로 외식 성향, 외식 선택 속성, 한식과 한국에 대한 인식에 대한 조사와 버거 3종에 대한 소비자 기호도 조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 외식 빈도에 대한 질문에는 일주일에 1-2회라는 답변이 가장 많았으며 중식당과 패스트푸드 레스토랑이 1, 2위로 나타났다. 95.2%가 보통 이상으로 패스트 푸드를 좋아한다고 답하였으며, 응답자의 47.1%는 일주일에 1-2회 패스트 푸드를 먹는다고 답하였다. 평균 외식 비용은 20위엔 이상-50위엔 미만이 56.2%이라고 답하였으며, 월평균 외식 지출 비용은 500위안 미만 지출한다는 답변이 가장 많았다. 중국 여성이 외식을 하는데 있어서 가장 중요하게 생각하는 속성은 맛(M=6.5)에 대한 속성이었으며 건강(M=6.0), 기분 전환(M=5.6)의 순으로 중요하다고 답하였다. 2. 한국 음식에 대한 관심 정도에는 60.0% 이상이 관심이 있다고 답하였고 한국의 이미지에 대한 질문은 응답자의 65.3%가 긍정적이라고 답하였으며, 한국 음식의 이미지 역시 62.8%이 긍정적이라고 답하였다. 한국 음식을 좋아하냐는 질문에 90.1%가 좋다고 답하였고 그 이유는 맛이 좋기 때문에(63.6%), 모양과 색상이 좋기 때문(50.4%)이라고 답하였다. 3. 버거에 대한 소비자 기호도는 전반적 기호도, 외관 및 구매의도에서 BB가 SB, AB에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 향미와 질감 부분에서는 세 시료간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. SB의 경우 평균적인 점수는 AB, BB에 비해 낮은 것으로 조사되었으나 전반적 기호도, 외관에 대한 기호도와 구매의도에서는 AB와 유의적인 차이가 나지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 패티 외 식재의 변경, 향미, 질감의 보완을 통해 한식 스타일로 개발된 SB의 중국진출 가능성을 고려해 볼 수 있겠다. 4. SB가 좋은 이유는 향미는 32.7%, 맛은 26.1%, 질감은 17%, 기타 응답은 13.1% 및 전체적인 조화가 11.1%라고 답하였다. 싫어하는 이유는 향미는 33.7%, 맛은 25.6%, 질감은 23.3% 및 기타 응답은 17.4%로 답하였다. 그중 세부 항목은 조화롭지 않은 향미, 부재료의 향미, 소스의 강한 향미, 기름진 맛, 쓴맛, 단맛, 감칠맛이 싫다고 하였다. 친숙치 않은 식감과 패티의 질김과 씹힘성이 좋지 않으며 전체적으로 조화롭지 못하다는 응답이 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 중국시장에서의 진공저온조리를 통한 한식 외식 상품의 가능성을 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 연구 결과는 중국 현지에서 적용 가능한 다양한 상품 개발의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

초등학교 고학년의 효과적인 구강보건교육 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 수집하기 위하여 학교계속구강관리가 실시되고 있는 초등학교 4학년과 5학년 및 6학년 학생 644명을 대상으로 잇솔질 시기 및 횟수, 우식성 식품 섭취빈도, 구강진료기관 방문 경험 및 방문 목적, 예방처치 경험, 학교불소용액 양치사업에 관한 인식을 조사 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 잇솔질 시기는 전반적으로 식사 전보다 식사 후에 잇솔질 하는 학생이 많았다. 하루 2회 이상 잇솔질을 하는 응답자는 79.5%이었고, 학년별로는 유의한 차이가 없었으나(P>0.05), 여학생과 남학생간에는 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.01). 2. 우식성 식품 섭취빈도는 전체 응답자의 30.4%가 매일 섭취하였고, 학년별로 유의한 차이가 없었으나(P<0.05), 여학생과 남학생간에는 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.01). 3. 구강검사 실시 후 2달간의 구강진료기관 방문경험자율은 40.1%이었고, 학년별로 유의한 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 여학생과 남학생간에도 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 구강진료기관 방문목적은 치료목적 방문이 27.2% 이었고, 검진을 받기 위한 방문은 10.3% 이었다. 4. 구강진료에 대한 공포는 30.7%의 응답자가 너무 무섭다고 응답하였고, 학년간에는 차이가 없었으며(P>0.05), 여학생이 남학생보다 너무 무섭다고 응답한 빈도가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 5. 치면열구전색 경험자율은 14.4%이었고, 학년간과 남 녀간에도 유의한 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 불소도포경험자율은 20.2%이었고, 학년간에 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.01). 6. 불소용액양치사업 선호자율은 48.1%이었고, 학년간, 남 녀간에 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다(P>0.05). 불소용액양치사업 계속 실시 희망자율은 46.9%이었고, 학년간 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.05). 불소용액양치사업 선호 이유 중 충치예방이라고 답한 자의 율은 43.92%이었고, 불소용액양치사업이 싫은 이유는 귀찮아서가 41.3%로 가장 높았다. 7. 2000년의 연구결과와 비교하면 잇솔질 횟수, 불소용액양치사업의 선호와 불소용액양치사업 계속실시 여부에서 높게 나타나 교육의 효과가 있다고 사료되었으며, 구강진료기관 방문 경험률과 예방처치 경험률은 낮게 나타났다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-50
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• 1984

The levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of housewives considerably effect to the health of households, communities and the nation. This study was designed to grasp the levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of houswives and analyse the various factors effecting to health in order to provide health education services as well as materials for effective formulation and implementation of health policy to improve the health of the nation. This study has been conducted through interviews by trained surveyers for 4,281 housewives selected from 4,500 households throughout the country for 40 days during July 11-August 20, 1983. The results of survey were analysed by stepwise multiple regression and path analysis are summarized as follows; 1. Based on the measurement instrument applied to this study, the levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of housewives were extremely low with 54.5 points out of 100 points in full. Higher level with 72 points and above was approximately 21 percent and lower level with 39 points and below was approx. 24 percent. The middle level was approx. 55 percent. In order to implement health programs successively, health education should be more strengthened and to improve the level of health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the nation, political consideration as a part of spiritual reformation must be concentrated on health. 2. The level of health knowledge indicated the highest points with 57.3 the level of attitude was the second with 55.0 points and the practice level was the lowest with 50.0 point. Therefore, planning and implementation of health education program must be based on the persuasion and motivation that health knowledge turn into practice. 3. Housewives who had higher level of health knowledge, showed their practice level was relatively lower and those who had middle or low level of it practice level was the reverse. 4. Correlations among health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) were generally higher and statistically significant at 0.1 percent level. Correlation between total health KAP level and health knowledge was the highest with r=.8092. 5. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to the age, number of children, marital status, self-assessed health status and concern on health of the housewives interviewed (p<0.001) 6. Health KAP levels also showed significant differences according to the education level, economic status, employment before marriage and grown-up area of the housewives interviewed. (p<0.001) 7. Heath KAP levels showed significant differences according to health insurance benificiary and the existence of patients in the family. (p<0.001). 8. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to distance to government organizations, schools, distance to health facilities, telephone possession rate, television possession rate, newspaper reading rate and activities of Ban meeting and Women's club. (p<0.001) 9. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to electric mass communication media such as television, radio and village broadcasting etc. and printed media such as newspaper, magazine and booklets etc., IEC variables such as individual consultation and husband-wife communication, however, there was no significance with group training. 10. Health KAP of the housewives showed close correlation with personal characteristics variables, i.e., education level (r=.5302), age (r=-.3694) grown-up area (r=.3357) and employment before marriage. In general, correlation of health knowledge level was higher than the levels of attitude or practice. In case of health concern and health insurance, correlation of practice level was higher than health knowledge level. 11. Health KAP levels showed higher correlation with community environmental characteristics, Ban meeting and activity of Women's club, however, no correlation with New-village movement. 12. Among IEC variables, husband-wife communication showed the highest correlation with health KAP levels and printed media, electric mas communication media and health consultation in order. Therefore, encouragement of husband-wife communication and development of training program for men should be included in health education program. 13. Mass media such as electric mass com. and printed media were effective for knowledge transmission and husband-wife communication and individual consultation were effective for health practice. Group training was significant for knowledge transmission, however, but not significant for attitude formation or turning to health practice. To improve health KAP levels, health knowledge should be transmitted via mass media and health consultation with health professionals and field health workers should be strengthened. 14. Correlation of health KAP levels showed that knowledge level was generally higher than that of practice and recognized that knowledge was not linked with attitude or practice. 15. The twenty-five variables effecting health KAP levels of housewives had 41 per cent explanation variances among which education level had great contribution (β=.2309) and electric mass com. media (β=.1778), husband-wife communication (β=.1482), printed media, grown-up area, and distance to government organizations in order. Variances explained (R²) of health KAP were 31%, 15%, and 30% respectively. 16. Principal variables contributed to health KAP were education level (β=.12320, β=.1465), electric mass comm. media (β=.1762, β=.1839), printed media, (β=.1383, β=.1420) husband-wife communication (β=.1004, β=.1067), grown-up area and distance to government organizations, in order. Since education level contributes greatly to health KAP of the housewives, health education including curriculum development in primary, middle and high schools must be emphasized and health science must be selected as one of the basic liberal arts subject in universities. 17. Variences explained of IEC variables to health KAP were 19% in total, 14% in knowledge, 9% in attitude, and 10% in health practice. Contributions of IEC variables to health KAP levels were printed media (β=.3882), electric mass comm media (β=.3165), husb-band wife com. (β=.2095,) and consultation on health (β=.0841) in order, however, group training showed negative effect (β=-.0402). National fund must be invested for the development of Health Program through mass media such as TV and radio etc. and for printed materials such as newspaper, magazines, phamplet etc. needed for transmission of health knowledge. 18. Variables contributed to health KAP levels through IEC variables with indirect effects were education level (Ind E=0.0410), health concern (Ind E=.0161), newspaper reading rate (Ind E=.0137), TV possession rate and activity of Ban meeting in order, however, health facility showed negative effect (Ind E=-.0232) and other variables showed direct effect but not indirect effect. 19. Among the variables effecting health KAP level, education level showed the highest in total effect (TE=.2693) then IEC (TE=.1972), grown-up city (TE=.1237), newspaper reading rate (TE=.1020), distance to government organization (TE=.095) in order. 20. Variables indicating indirect effects to health KAP levels were; at knowledge level with R²=30%, education level (Ind E=.0344), newspaper reading rate (Ind E=.0112), TV possession rate (Ind E=.0689), activity of Ban meeting (Ind E=.0079) in order and at attitude level with R²=13%, education level (Ind E=. 0338), activity of Ban meeting (Ind E=.0079), and at practice level with R²=29%. education level (Ind E=.0268), health facility (Ind E=.0830) and concern on health (Ind E=.0105). 21. Total effect to health KAP levels and IEC by variable characteristics, personal characteristics variables indicated larger than community characteristics variables. 22. Multiple Correlation Coefficient (MCC) expressed by the Personal Characteristic Variable was .5049 and explained approximately 25% of variances. MCC expressed by total Community environment variable was .4283 and explained approx. 18% of variances. MCC expressed by IEC Variables was .4380 and explained approx. 19% of variances. The most important variable effected to health KAP levels was personal characteristic and then IEC variable, Community Environment variable in order. When the IEC effected with personal characteristic or community characteristic, the MCC or the variances were relatively higher than effecting alone. Therefore it was identified that the IEC was one of the important intermediate variable.