• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2010

Physicochemical properties, free sugar and volatile flavor compounds of citrons harvested in different cultivation areas, such as Geoje, Goseong, Goheung, and Namhae, were analyzed and compared. Total weight of citron, ranging from 107.97 g to 154.86 g, was significantly different according to producing area. Weight ratio of flesh to whole citron was higher than one of peel in citron produced from Geoje, Goheung-improved, or Namhae-native. Citron size was the highest in Namhae-native citron, but the color of peel was significantly the higher in Goheung-native and its improved citron. In the peel of citron, hardness of citron produced from Geoje was the strongest (2337.13 $cm/kg^2$) whereas citron produced from Goseong (1592.38 $cm/kg^2$) showed the softest hardness. Moisture content was 85.35~87.81 g/100 g and ash was contained below 0.8 g/100 g in flesh of all samples. Although crude fiber content in Geoje ctiron was significantly the lowest in the peel, peel was 1.88~2.60 times higher than flesh. The order of sugar content seemed to be fructose> glucose> sucrose in all citrons, and content of fructose or glucose was higher in peel than flesh. Content of total sugar was 8.44~12.19 g/100 g in citron, and contents of improved citrons from Goheung and Namhae were significantly higher than those of native citrons. In addition, major volatile compounds were dl-limonene (59.52~74.30%) and $\gamma$-terpinene (5.60~7.88%) among 15 kinds of volatile compounds identified from citron peel. These results suggested that physicochemical properties and volatile flavor compounds of citrons showed some differences with regard to producing areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2016

We investigated >$50-{\mu}m$ marine planktonic organisms (mainly zooplankton) using a bongo net in Masan Bay and Jangmok Bay in order to harvest 75% of natural communities based on Phase-II approval regulations by the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The concentrated volume (in 1 ton) and abundance of zooplankton were $1.8{\times}10^7ind.ton^{-1}$ and $2.3{\times}10^7ind.ton^{-1}$, and their survival rates were 82.6% and 80.1%, respectively. The community structure in Jangmok Bay was similar to that in Masan Bay, and dominant species were adult and immature groups (stage IV) of genus Acartia. Harvested populations were inoculated in a 500-ton test tank. Although the population abundances were $6.0{\times}10^4ind.ton^{-1}$ for both bay samples, the mortality rates were higher in the Masan Bay population (32%) than the Jangmok Bay population (20%). We considered the reason to be that there were 30% more immature individuals of Acartia from Masan Bay than from Jangmok Bay. The younger population may have been greatly stressed by the moving process and netting gear. After applying a Ballast Water Treatment System (BWTS) using a sample form Jangmok Bay, the mortality rates in the treatment groups were found to be 100% after 0 days and 5 days, implying that the BWTS worked well. During the winter season, the zooplankton concentration method alone did not easily satisfy the approval standards of USCG Phase II (> $10{\times}10^4ind.ton^{-1}$ in the 500 ton tank). Increasing the netting frequency and additional fishing boats may be helpful in meeting the USCG Phase II biological criteria.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.11
• /
• pp.1244-1251
• /
• 2005

Purpose : $Henoch-Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura(HSP) is the most common and benign systemic vasculitis in children. Few reports have focused on worse outcomes of HSP in adults. The age of onset is suggested as a main risk factor. We assessed the characteristics of adolescent-onset HSP. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 205 cases presented from Aug. 1993 to Oct. 2003. Patients were classified as children(<10 years of age), adolescents(10-20 years of age), and adults(>20 years of age). Results : The mean age was $5.7{\pm}1.8years$ in 149 children, $13.5{\pm}2.4years$ in 38 adolescents, and $44.9{\pm}14.5years$ in 18 adults. The male to female ratio was 1.2 : 1 in children and adolescents, and 2 : 1 in adults. Previous upper respiratory infections were found in 53.4 percent of children, 32.4 percent of adolescents, and 33.3 percent of adults. Positivity of stool occult blood was more frequent in adults(50.5 percent) than in children(23.0 percent)(P<0.05). Renal involvement was found in 46 cases (30.9 percent) of children, 23 cases(60.5 percent) of adolescents, and 15 cases(83.3 percent) of adults. Recurrences occurred in 23 cases(15.4 percent) of children, nine cases(23.7 percent) of adolescents, and three cases(16.7 percent) of adults. Among the cases with renal involvement, 97.8 percent of children and 87.0 percent of adolescents improved to normal or asymptomatic urinary abnormalities. 60.0 percent of adults persisted with severe nephropathy and 13.3 percent progressed to renal insufficiency. Conclusion : Although the outcome of adolescent HSP was as good as children, the clinical manifestations were similar to those of adults. Adolescents had the highest rate of recurrences. Thus long term observations may be needed in adolescent onset HSP.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.7
• /
• pp.811-817
• /
• 2009

Purpose : Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used as first-line agents for the treatment of persistent asthma; however, their use is accompanied by apprehension of potential systemic adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ICS on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in children with asthma. Methods : From February 2008 to September 2008, 26 asthmatic children treated with ICS (ICS group), 15 asthmatic children treated with leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) (LTRA group), and 30 healthy children (Control group) were selected from the Korea University Anam Hospital. BMD and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured. The asthmatic children underwent spirometry and methacholine bronchial challenge test. Results : There were no significant differences in BMD in the lumbar spine (P=0.254) and proximal femur (P=0.297) among the 3 groups. The serum BALP levels were significantly higher in both the ICS (P=0.017) and LTRA (P=0.025) groups than in the Control group. None of the parameters pertaining to ICS use, such as the mean daily dose during the last 6 months, the total cumulative dose, duration of use, and age of commencement of use, showed significant correlations with BMD (P>0.05 for all parameters). Conclusions : We demonstrated that a low dose of ICS does not exert any significant adverse effect on bone metabolism in asthmatic children. These findings support the current recommendations with regard to the use of ICS for asthmatic children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.12
• /
• pp.1225-1230
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Multiple transfusions in patients with chronic anemia can result in excessive iron deposition in tissues and organs. Effective iron chelation therapy in chronically transfused patients can only be achieved when iron chelators remove sufficient amounts of iron equivalent to those accumulated in the body from transfusions, thus leading to maintain body iron load at a non-toxic level. This study was retrospectively carried out to investigate the effect of intravenous iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine in patients who have received multiple transfusions. Methods : From March 2005 to January 2007, 15 patients who have received multiple transfusions were included in this study. Transfusion dependent patients were defined as those receiving >1 packed red blood cell (RBC) units/month for at least 6 months. They received intravenous deferoxamine for 7 days (10-30 mg/kg/day, 24 hour continuous infusions). Before and after deferoxamine infusions and 3 months later, we compared serum iron, TIBC, and ferritin in transfusion dependent patients and transfusion independent patients. Results : There were 6 males and 9 females and their age range was 5.6-21.3 (median 8.3) years. Transfusion dependent patients were 7 and 8 were transfusion independent states after stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy. There was no significant change in ferritin level after deferoxamine treatment for the transfusion dependent patients but significant falling of ferritin level was observed for the transfusion independent patients 3 months later compared with baseline ferritin level (P=0.046). Some adverse events were observed but symptoms were mild and tolerable. Conclusion : Seven days of intravenous deferoxamine was safe and effective in transfusion independent patients. In transfusion dependent patients, chelation therapy should be maintained, in order to minimize or prevent iron accumulation and storage in the tissues.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humic acid on the germination, the growth and the yield of hot pepper when treated with organic hot pepper seedlings and growing season. The germination rate of 0.05% and 0.1% humic acid was higher than that of untreated, but the germination rates of 0.4% and 1.0% humic acid were 90.0% and 86.7%, respectively, compared with the control treatment (96.7%). At 30 days after transplanting, hot pepper treated with low (0.05%) or high (1.0%) concentration of humic acid decreased the growth of hot pepper seedlings, whereas 0.2% humic acid treatment significantly increased a average height (97.6 cm), leaf number (84.7) and fresh weight ($128.1g\;plant^{-1}$) of hot pepper. After 60 days of treatment with humic acid, the height of hot pepper was significantly longer in 0.2% humic acid. The mean green fruit number of 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.05% humic acid were not significantly different among the treatments, but the mean green pepper number of 0.4% and 1.0% humic acid treatments were the higher with 35.2% and 29.1%, respectively than other treatments. However, the fresh weight of green pepper was found to be $111.5g\;plant^{-1}$ more heavier than the untreated in 0.2% humic acid. The total ($5.8kg\;plant^{-1}$) and average ($1.4kg\;plant^{-1}$) fresh weight of pepper were higher than that of untreated control, except for the 1.0% humic acid treatment after 60 days of soil irrigation. The total weight of hot pepper treated with 0.2% and 0.1% humic acid treatment was $9.3kg\;plant^{-1}$ and $8.6kg\;plant^{-1}$, respectively, which were heavier than the other treatments. The effect of humic acid concentrations on soil microbial populations, pH and EC was investigated. The soil bacterial population density of 0.2% humic acid treatment was 3.5 times higher than that of untreated control soil. As the concentration of humic acid increased from 0.05% to 1.0%, pH and EC of hot pepper grown soil also increased.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of yellow loess on performance and blood component profile in broiler chickens. A total of three hundred sixty, 1 day old broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The experiment feeds were; control (basal diet), 0~10 days (basal diet with yellow loess T1 4%, T2 2%), 11~21 days (basal diet with yellow loess T1 2%, T2 1%), 22~35 days (basal diet with yellow loess T1 1%, T2 1%). The body weight and weight gain of the broilers fed T2 diet was significant higher than the T1 and control treatment (P<0.05). Feed intake was significantly higher than the control during overall period (P<0.05). Total cholesterol in all yellow loess supplemented treatments were significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05), and the triglyceride of broiler fed the diet containing T1 was significantly higher than the control and T2 treatment (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed on the total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NE), monocyte (MO) and eosinophil (EO) in all yellow loess supplemented treatments compared to the control. Lymphocyte of T2 treatment was significantly higher than T1 and control treatment (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed on fecal ammonia gas emission, but broiler fed yellow loess was lower than the control treatment. Aa a result, dietary supplementation of yellow loess was improve to weight gain and feed intake of broiler.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2008

Since measuring the size of kidney with sonography becomes an important index for diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction in kidney disease, the accurate measurement and evaluation on this are clinically very important. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to increase reproducibility and objectivity in measuring the size of kidney by enumerating factors that have an impact for measurement. It targeted 44 adults in Korea at the age of 21-27. It measured in order for both kidneys to be seen most largely while changing a subject-examiner's position in a state of fasting for 8 hours and a transducer's approaching direction. It compared a size of kidney by measuring, respectively, with the same method in 30 minutes and in 1 hour after drinking water in 700-1,000cc. In case of the lateral approach scan in decubitus position, the average length of the kidney both to the right and the left and the deviation of measurement to be the largest. In NPO(None Per Oral) state, the average length in the right kidney was 10.19cm, and the average length in the left kidney was 10.33cm. In 60 minutes after taking moisture, the average length in the right kidney was 10.94cm, and the average length in the left kidney was 11.13cm. In comparing the average length of the kidney in NPO state and its average length in 60 minutes after taking moisture, the size swelled by 7.3% for the length in the right kidney and by 7.7% in the left, thereby having been indicated to be statistically significant(P<0.003). The measurement in a size of kidney by using ultrasound may be measured differently depending on a patient's state of taking moisture and a transducer's approaching direction. It is thought that when the measurement in a size of kidney is especially important clinically, the intake and intake time in moisture need to be considered and that measuring with the posterior approach in prone position is a good method aiming to increase reproducibility in measuring length of the kidney.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.119-131
• /
• 2016

Descriptions are provided of the automated aerosol-type classification and mass concentration calculation algorithm for real-time data processing and aerosol products in Korea Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (KALION, http://www.kalion.kr). The KALION algorithm provides aerosol-cloud classification and three aerosol types (clean continental, dust, and polluted continental/urban pollution aerosols). It also generates vertically resolved distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient and mass concentration. An extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) of 63.31 sr and aerosol mass extinction efficiency of $3.36m^2g^{-1}$ ($1.39m^2g^{-1}$ for dust), determined from co-located sky radiometer and $PM_{10}$ mass concentration measurements in Seoul from June 2006 to December 2015, are deployed in the algorithm. To assess the robustness of the algorithm, we investigate the pollution and dust events in Seoul on 28-30 March, 2015. The aerosol-type identification, especially for dust particles, is agreed with the official Asian dust report by Korean Meteorological Administration. The lidar-derived mass concentrations also well match with $PM_{10}$ mass concentrations. Mean bias difference between $PM_{10}$ and lidar-derived mass concentrations estimated from June 2006 to December 2015 in Seoul is about $3{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$. Lidar ratio and aerosol mass extinction efficiency for each aerosol types will be developed and implemented into the KALION algorithm. More products, such as ice and water-droplet cloud discrimination, cloud base height, and boundary layer height will be produced by the KALION algorithm.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 2016

Oyster mushrooms are widely cultivated and consumed in Korea. P. ostreatus 'Suhan(ASI 2504)' is an ideal cultivar for mushroom farmers due to its dark pileus and thick stipe; however, as it is very sensitive to environmental conditions, an alternative cultivar is required. To develop a new cultivar, parental strains 'Suhan(ASI 2504)' and 'ASI 0665 (Heuktari)' were selected from various collected strains according to morphological characteristics. P. ostreatus 'Soltari' was developed by DiMon crossing between the dikaryotic strain 'Suhan' and the monokaryotic strain derived from 'Heuktari'. Thirty-eight of the 100 crossed strains were selected following analysis of mitochondrial genetic characteristics, and 'Soltari' was ultimately selected by continuous cultivation tests. The mitochondrial DNA profile of 'Soltari' was found to be the same as that of 'Heuktari, and a nuclear DNA profile of 'Soltari' was similar as those of the parental strains, 'Suhan' and 'Heuktari.' 'Soltari' mycelium grows adequately in moderate to high temperatures of $12-20^{\circ}C$, although its optimum temperature was found to be $30^{\circ}C$. Fruiting body production per 1.1-L cultivation bottle was approximately 158.8 g. Its stipe length and thickness were comparable to those of diameter and thickness were somewhat lower (42.72 vs. 51.33 mm and 18.18 vs. 22.46 mm, respectively). 'Soltari' was found to be more resistant to high $CO_2$ atmosphere than 'Suhan', and the color of the pileus of 'Soltari' was dark gray at high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that this new cultivar 'Soltari' is a good alternative cultivar and will contribute to energy saving in oyster mushroom farms.