• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2012

The vascular plants in Bukhansan Dulegil, Jingwan-dong Wetland and Bukhan-dong Cheolgeoji were listed 432 taxa (8.9% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 95 families, 274 genera, 345 species, 2 subspecies, 69 varieties and 16 forms. Divided into woody plants were 145 taxa (33.6%) and herbaceous plants were 287 taxa (66.4%). The Bukhansan Dulegil were listed (Myeongsang-gil 159 taxa, Huingureum-gil 227 taxa, Wooyiryeong-gil 216 taxa, Banghakdong-gil 139 taxa, Boru-gil 199 taxa), Jingwan-dong Wetland were listed 147 taxa and Bukhan-dong Cheolgeoji were listed 129 taxa. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were Viola albida Palibin (Violaceae), Iris minutiaurea Makino (Iridaceae) and Korea National Arboretum were endemic plants, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. var. schrenkii (Saxifragaceae), Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey (Caprifoliaceae). Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 22 taxa; Wisteria floribunda DC. for. floribunda in class IV, 3 taxa (Betula davurica Pall., Mukdenia rossii Koidz., Glechoma grandis Kuprian., etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Acer triflorum Kom., Viola orientalis W. Becker, Heloniopsis koreana Fuse & Al., etc.) in class II and 13 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr., Clematis patens C. Morren & Decne., Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC., etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 16 families, 35 genera, 37 species, 3 varieties, 1 form, total 41 taxa (Rumex crispus L., Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. etc.), naturalization rate was 9.5% of all 432 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 13.3% of all 309 taxa of naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbing wild plants were 5 taxa; Rumex acetocella L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida, Eupatorium rugosum Houtt., Aster pilosus Willd.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative effect, antibacterial, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, inhibitory effects on elastase and component analysis of Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. linteus extracts ($2.94\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed the highest free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of P. linteus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction ($0.0072\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of P. linteus extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The P. linteus extracts showed cellular membrane protective effects in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of P. linteus extract was the highest at 50 % ethanol extract ($6.34\;{\mu}g/mL$), and the inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) on elastase of P. linteus was the highest at ethyl acetate fraction ($14.08\;{\mu}g/mL$). TLC, HPLC chromatogram and LC/ESI-MS of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from P. linteus extracts were identified interfungin A (PL RPT-1a). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. linteus can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Extract/fractions of P. linteus can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, antiwrinkle and whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.309-320
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• 2017

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Annona muricata leaf were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total antioxidant capacities were estimated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and $^1O_2$ quenching effects were estimated. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 45.6, 29.8 and $18.0{\mu}g/mL$, and total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were 4.4, 1.1 and $2.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. As a result of $^1O_2$ quenching experiment, ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction showed similar activities to L-ascorbic acid used as a comparative control. The cellular protective effects of 50% ethanol extract on the $^1O_2-induced$ cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at concentration-dependent ($5-50{\mu}g/mL$). TLC and HPLC were used to analyse components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of Annona muricata leaf. In ethyl acetate fraction, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, nicotiflorin (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), p-coumaric acid were identified. In aglycone fraction, kaempferol was identified. These results suggest that the extracts of Annona muricata leaf have the applicability as antioxidant cosmeceutical ingredients.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2022

Research was conducted to derive the optimal operation conditions and the optimal cathode for using a DSA electrode as an anode to minimize electrode consumption during the removal of nitrogen from wastewater by the electro-chemical method. Of the various electrodes tested as cathodes, brass was determined to be the optimal electrode. It had the highest NO₃-N removal rate and the lowest concentration of residual NH₃-N, a by-product when Cl is present in the solution. Investigating the effect of current density found that when the initial concentration of NO₃-N was 50 mg L^-1, the optimal current density was 15 mA cm^-2. In addition, current densities above 15 mA cm^-2 did not significantly affect the NO₃-N removal rate. The effect of electrolytes on removing NO₃-N and minimizing NH₃-N was investigated by using Na₂SO₄ and NaCl as electrolytes and varying the reaction times. When Na₂SO₄ and NaCl are mixed at a ratio of 1.0 g L^-1 to 0.5 g L^-1 and reacted for 90 min at a current density of 15 mA cm^-2 and an initial NO₃-N concentration of 50 mg L^-1, the removal rate of NO₃-N was about 48% and there was no residual NH₃-N. On the other hand, when using only 1.5 g L^-1 of NaCl as an electrolyte, the removal rate of NO₃-N was the highest at about 55% and there was no residual NH₃-N.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.309-313
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• 2001

This research was conducted to test cadmium tolerance by five speices of native herbs for screening cadmium tolerance plant. We examined germination rate, root and shoot growth rate of seedling, fresh biomass of native herbs exposed to cadmium solution for 14 days. Especially, germination rate of Abutilon avicennae and Amaranthus retroflexus was over 90% in all concentration, but germination rate of Aeschynomene indica, Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola and Echinochla crus-galli var. frumentacea began to decrease when they exposed to 15 mgCdSO₄ /L. The higher the Cd concentration, the length of root, shoot grew lower. The fresh biomass of Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola, Echinochla crus-galli var. frumentacea and Amaranthus retro-flexus were not so different from each control, but those of Abutilon avicennae and Aeschynomene indica began to decrese greatly when exposed to 60 mgCdSO₄ /L. EC/sub 50/(Effective Concentration 50%) of Abutilon avicennae, Aeschynomene indica and Amaranthus retroflexus was 44.6∼77.5 mgCdSO₄ /L for root growth, 38.6∼114 mgCdSO₄ /L for shoot growth, 60∼107.5 mgCdSO₄ /L for fresh biomass. Among the native herbs, sensitivity of cadmium ordered as root length > fresh biomass > shoot length. These results indicate that Abutilon avicennae is a tolerant species for cadmium.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.274-274
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• 1998

Aclarubicin(ACL)-entrapped freeze dried liposomes were prepared using Microfludizer to attain a sustained release at targeted organs in a prolonged time so that it can reduce th e side effect and maximize the therapeutic effect. The freeze-dried liposomes were evaluated for pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180, cytotoxicity against L1210 and A549 tumor cells, spleen toxicity and myelosuppressive action. The AUC0->8hr values were 122+/-42, 382+/-140, 419+/-171, 835+/-206 and 443+/-309mcg min/ml for free ACL. ACL-liposome formulation I, II, III and IV, respectively. Cytotoidcity of ACL-entrapped liposomes against L1210 and A549 tumor cells was 2-4 times higher than that of free aclarubicin. ACL-liposome formulation I(PC/CHOL/TA) showed the most potent antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 in mice. The loss of body weight was much smaller with ACL-entrapped liposomes than free ACL after I.p. injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Compared to free ACL, ACL-entrapped liposomes expressed a lower and delayed spleen toxicity up to 5th day after I.v. administration. Myelosupperssion seemed to be lower with ACL-entrapped liposome of PC/PC-hydrate/CHOL/TA (formulation III) than free aclarubicin.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.304-309
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• 2006

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of fatty acid composition in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil. A total of ninety-three samples of intact seeds were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and reference values for fatty acid composition were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Calibration equations were developed using modified partial least square regression with internal cross validation (n=63). The equations obtained had low standard errors of cross-validation and moderate $R^2$ (coefficient of determination in calibration). Prediction of an external validation set (n=30) showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP (standard error of prediction), $r^2$ (coefficient of determination in prediction) and the ratio of standard deviation (SD) of reference data to SEP. The models developed in this study had relatively higher values (more than 2.0) of SD/SEP(C) for oleic and linoleic acid, having good correlation between reference and NIRS estimate. The results indicated that NIRS, a nondestructive screening method could be used to rapidly determine fatty acid composition in sesame seeds in the breeding programs for high quality sesame oil.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.303-309
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of the temperature generated by light irradiation, on the surface of a biological tissue with an abnormal tissue part (paraffin) and at the surroundings of the abnormal tissue were studied by numerical and experimental methods. The temperature in the tissue was solved using the computational heat transfer and was compared with the temperature measured with thermocouples. The effects of the light wavelength and the irradiation time on the temperature distribution were analyzed. As a result, the temperature distribution from the irradiation of light in the biological tissue was different when there was an abnormal tissue part. The temperature in the biological tissue with the abnormal tissue part was higher than in a normal tissue.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2016

This study aimed to assay the biological removal of TDS (total dissolved solids) from RO (reverse osmosis) rejected water. Following bio-sorption of TDS with AGS (aerobic granular sludge), the effects of TDS on biological nitrogen removal were examined. The bio-sorption of TDS after AGS treatment was confirmed by checking for TDS removal efficiency and surface analysis of microorganisms with SEM and EDS. Then, the effects of TDS on biological nitrogen removal and the denitrification efficiency were evaluated using the MBR reactor. According to the results, the bio-sorption of TDS with AGS was 0.1 mg TDS/mg AGS, and we confirmed that the microorganism surfaces had adsorbed the TDS. Biological nitrogen removal efficiency was measured at inhibiting denitrification at 4,000 mg/L of TDS-injected material. Based on this study, it is necessary to pretreat TDS-containing RO rejected water and to maintain TDS concentration lower than a specific value (≤4,000 mg/L), when considering biological nitrogen removal.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.304-309
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop kitchen furniture design for 40-pyung apartment Houses based on stored item of Cooking, Eating and Utility Area. The research data is gotten at a field study of stored items of Cooking, Eating and Utility Area and depth interview. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The kitchen furniture the preparation unit and the sink, the kitchen table, the heating unit and the service table, arranged at the tall storage. 2)The total bulk considered and holding volume ($2.7m^3$) with ground clearance (40%) planned with about $4.21m^3$. 3)Assumed at height and 162cm did a lower part height with 860mm and the upper depth 340mm, did with 700mm where raises. the storage the ceiling which raises will select and considered and with 2200mm did. 4)Arrangement of the kitchen the kitchen form which is an open type (L/DK or L.D.K) arranged many in forms of letter.