• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1994

Chloral hydrate(CH), an intermediate metabolite of trichloroethylene(TRI) is reduced to trichloroethanol(TCE-OH), and is oxidized to trichloroacetic acid(TCA) by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)-dependent enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) in liver. This study was performed to find out the change of activity of ADH and ALDH with increasing amount of TRI. Intraperitoneal injection of TRI were done to the male Sprague Dawely rats(mean body weight, $170{\pm}10g$) in com oil at the dosage of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg for 2 days. The results of experiments are following : 1. The contents of xenobiotic metabolic enzymes in liver are tended to be decreased with increasing amount of, but not significantlly (p>0.05). 2. Activity of ADH in microsome is decreased(p<0.05), and activity of ALDH is increased with amount of TRI(P<0.05). 3. Total trichloro-compounds(TTC) concentration in urine are increased with amount of TRI, but the ratio of between the TCE-OH and the TCA were not shown any critical change. These results suggests that the ALDH in microsome may be related to metabolism of TRI, but ADH was nothing less than the effected to metabolism of TRI.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.134-146
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• 2013

Objectives : Auklandia Lappa (ALE) is one of the herbs used frequently to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea and reported anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to investigate whether ALE could show protective activities on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) models. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. ALE 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg were orally administered twice a day for 7 days in DSS model. Mice weight was measured daily. Scoring of clinical findings was measured every other day. Colon length, edema, fecal blood and histological damages were assessed at day 7 in DSS model. In histological analysis, we checked cryptal glands, surface epithelium, submucosa, transmural, stroma and scored degree of inflammatory cell damage by modified histological scoring. We also calculated cytokines concentrations including IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-17, IL-23, IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}1$ by Biometric Multiplex Cytokine Profiling method. Results : ALE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. ALE inhibited shortening of colon length and histological damages of colon does-dependently, but it did not inhibit weight loss. ALE also inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 expression, and upregulated cytokines (IL-10, TGF-${\beta}1$) related to regulatory T cell differentiation and proliferation. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of ALE in traditional medicine and indicate the possibility of potent drug development of inflammatory bowel diseases from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Subcritical water which acts as organic solvent with increasing temperature and pressure because dielectric constant and viscosity decrease can be used to remediate PAHs-contaminated soil. Factors influencing on extraction were studied with varying the water temperature $200{\sim}275^{\circ}C$, extraction time 0~90 min, flow rate 10~100 mL/min and pressure 3.9~10MPa. 300 g of soil sample which was contaminated with PAHs(naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene; 423, 420, 539 and 428 mg/kg of initial concentration) was packed into the cell and placed to reactor and then the subcritical water was pumped through the cell for PAHs extraction. Naphthalene was removed almost 100% at relatively low temperature ($200^{\circ}C$). The removal rate of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene increased by 8, 26, and 23% when the temperature increased from 200 to $275^{\circ}C$; and it was gradually increased as extraction time increased from 0 to 90 min. Decreasing removal rate when water flow rate increased from 10 to 30 mL/min, but there was no significant change after 30 mL/min. This is supposed due to channeling phenomenon. The pressure was not an effective factor for extraction of PAHs in this study. Based on the results, the importance of effective factor was in following sequence: temperature >> time > flow rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1639-1644
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg dietary ALC supplementation, respectively). Compared with the control treatment, addition of ALC resulted in lower (linear effect, p<0.05) ADG and AFI. Abdominal fat percentage decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased, but there was no effect on dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage. Breast muscle pH value 24 h post-mortem increased (linear effect, p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among treatments. However, thigh muscle pH value increased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased. Breast and thigh muscle $a^*$ values increased (linear effect, p<0.05), and breast and thigh muscle $b^*$ values decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) with increased ALC in the diet. In addition, breast and thigh muscle shear force value decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein lipase decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) and free fatty acid and lipase in serum increased (linear effect, p<0.05) with increased ALC in diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2012

The effect of duckweed (DW) supplementation was evaluated on dry matter intake (DMI), presence and duration of estrus, percentage of ewes repeating estrus and pregnancy rate, as well as the concentration of progesterone ($P_4$) in multiparous crossbred ewes from Pelibuey, Dorper, and Katahdin breeds, fed with Taiwan grass hay (TWH). Eighteen ewes with $39.7{\pm}4kg$ mean body weight, kept in individual pens, were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: $T_1$: TWH, $T_2$: TWH plus 200 g DW, $T_3$: TWH plus 300 g DW. The ewes were synchronized with 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) and 400 UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure. DW supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake (p>0.05); however, a slight decrease of TWH intake was observed as DW supplementation increased. No differences (p>0.05) were found in the beginning of estrus, percentage of ewes presenting it, its duration, or pregnancy rate. There were no differences (p>0.05) on $P_4$ concentration among treatments, or $treatment{\times}period$ interaction (p>0.05). However the period was significant (p<0.01), since the $P_4$ levels increased as time increased after the removal of the FGA device and eCG application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2016

To investigate the role of polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASPS) in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury, 18 mice (at 5 wk of age) were assigned to three groups with 6 replicates of one mouse each. Mice were administrated by oral gavage with or without ASPS (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days and were injected with saline or LPS at 15 days. Intestinal samples were collected at 4 h post-challenge. The results showed that ASPS ameliorated LPS-induced deterioration of digestive ability of LPS-challenged mice, indicated by an increase in intestinal lactase activity (45%, p<0.05), and the intestinal morphology, as proved by improved villus height (20.84%, p<0.05) and villus height:crypt depth ratio (42%, p<0.05), and lower crypt depth in jejunum (15.55%, p<0.05), as well as enhanced intestinal tight junction proteins expression involving occludin-1 (71.43%, p<0.05). ASPS also prevented intestinal inflammation response, supported by decrease in intestinal inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (22.28%, p<0.05) and heat shock protein (HSP70) (77.42%, p<0.05). In addition, intestinal mucus layers were also improved by ASPS, as indicated by the increase in number of goblet cells (24.89%, p<0.05) and intestinal trefoil peptide (17.75%, p<0.05). Finally, ASPS facilitated mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (100%, p<0.05) and its receptor (200%, p<0.05) gene. These results indicate that ASPS can prevent intestinal mucosal barrier injury under inflammatory conditions, which may be associated with up-regulating gene mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2005

For better and large utilization of rice husk, the production and consumption status, differences in chemical composition and heating value due to region and variety, and thermogravimetric characteristic of rice husk were studied. In addition, the differences in chemical composition due to region and variety and the crystallization characteristic of rice husk ash were also studied. Approximately 800,000 M/T of rice husk was produced per year in Korea, which is about $18\%$ of the paddy production by weight. Noticeable varietal and regional difference pattern in chemical composition was not found among the domestic rice husk samples. Their average ash content and higher heating value were $16.4\%$ and 16,660 kJ/kg by dry basis, respectively. A relation seemed to exist between the carbon content and higher heating value. Noticeable difference pattern in chemical composition was not found among the domestic rice husk ash samples. The $SiO_2$ contents were a little low, the maximum being $92.9\%,$ and the contents of major components such as CaO, MgO, and $K_2O$ were also lower compared with foreign rice husk ash due to the deficiency of compost matters in domestic soils. Thermogravimetry study showed the thermal decomposition of rice husk started at about $250^{\circ}C,$ followed by relatively fast combustion of combustible gas until the temperature rose to $350^{\circ}C.$ After $350^{\circ}C,$ combustion of the carbon component proceeded relatively slowly as the temperature increased. Therefore, the ignition temperature of the rice husk could be estimated around $300^{\circ}C$. Crystallization of $SiO_2$ in the rice husk ash was found from the combustion temperature of $750^{\circ}C$ and became distinctly when the combustion temperature exceeded $900^{\circ}C$. The ash became darker with $SiO_2$ crystallization.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2009

Three traditional Chinese medicines, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, Grifola umbellata (pers.) Pilat, and Gambogia, are combined to form a compound extract, AGC. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of AGC on human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells were demonstrated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are investigated. Our results indicate that AGC inhibited MGC-803 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner as measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, with an $IC_{50}$ of about $6.045{\pm}0.69{\mu}g/mL$. In vivo, AGC inhibited growth of human gastric carcinoma in xenograft tumors in nude mice, and the inhibitory rate reached 55.2% at 300 mg/kg. The pro-apoptotic activity of AGC was attributed to its ability to decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and Pro-caspase3 and increase the expression of Bax. These results demonstrate that AGC can effectively induce programmed cell death and may be a promising anti-tumor drug in human gastric carcinoma.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 2003

To examine whether salt stress would alter or not contractility of isolated rat aorta, under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital(50 mg kg-1 i.p.), male Sprague Dawley rats(300-330 g) were subjected to 0, 50, and 150 mM of sodium chloride at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. where as the sham group was left at modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution. To measure contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And the strip was checked for expression of heat shock protein(Hsp) by Western blotting. One, three and eight hours later, we measured vascular contractility of isolated rat aorta treated with KCI, phenylephrine from organ bath study. The dose-vascular responses of potassium chloride and phenylephrine showed a little augmentation by NaCl concentration in the strips exposed to NaCl for 8 hours. And the response of relaxation induced by nitroprusside and acetylcholine was not influenced by NaCl stress in isolated aorta ring for 8 hours, respectively. Expression pattern of Hsp 70 of vascular muscle in isolated rat aorta showed a little increase in 150 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment but not at 3 hours, and Hsp 60 expression of rat aorta was markedly increased in 50 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment. Taken together, NaCl induced dose-and time dependent accumulation of the Hsp but not affected contraction of rat aorta. These data suggest that short term high salt stress was not sufficient to induce hypertension of rat aorta.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2009

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and progressive cartilage and bone erosion. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-1, -6, and -8, and $IPN-{\gamma}$. In this study, whether KRG extract has an inhibitory effect on the collagen-inducible development of arthritis in DBA/1J mice was investigated. To induce arthritis, type II collagen emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant was intradermally injected into the base of the tails of mice. Three weeks after the initial injection, a booster injection of type II collagen emulsified in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant was administered. The oral administration of KRG extract for 8${\sim}$10 weeks at the dose of 300 mg/kg (three days a week) inhibited the development of arthritis in the experimental group, compared to the control group which was given saline. While the administration of KRG extract three times a week demonstrated both preventive and inhibitory effects, the administration of KRG extract once a week had little inhibitory effect. In other studies, the regimen of KRG administration has been shown to decrease the plasma level of inflammatory cytokines like IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$, but the plasma levels of these cytokines were not decreased in the present study. The results of the present study suggest that KRG has preventive and inhibitory effects on collagen-induced arthritis.