• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

Objectives : We investigated the correlation of the skin color to blood circulation on the face of Korean female by noninvasive-skin measuring devices. Methods : Korean female(37.47${\pm}$3.66 years, n=36) aged 30-45 years were participated in this study. We measured the skin color of the face with Spectrophotometer CM2600d (Minolta, Japan) and the skin blood flow with Laser Doppler Imaging-Periscan PIM II (Perimed AB, Sweden). The skin color and blood circulation of three groups (30-35 years, 36-40 years, 41-45 years) divided on age were analyzed by paired-t test and regression analysis. Results : The L* values of the skin were decreased and the a* values were increased significantly with age. This means that the more age increase, the more the skin is dark and red. But the skin blood flow was not significantly different with age and skin color. Conclusions : In the oriental medicine, It was reported that the face of the female over 35 years is changed gradually haggard and the blood circulation is decreased. In our study, the blood circulation was not changed and the skin color was dark and red with increasing the age. We think this symptom resulted from the better nutrition than the past, the change of the blood-quality and this changes were too sensitive to be measured by Laser Doppler Imaging system.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2015

1기 5개 신도시 초등학교 88개교를 조사 분석한 결과 나타난 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 5개신도시중 학생수용률 최고점에 이르는 기간은 평균적으로 5.7년이 소요되었다. 90%이상을 유지한 구간 평균 수용률은 5.7년, 80%이상은 9.1년, 70%이상은 12.3년, 60%이상은 14.6년, 50%이상은 16.6년, 40%이상은 18.4년, 30%이상은 18.9년, 20%이상은 20.5년이 걸리는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 단기적인 민원해결차원에서의 학교내 학급 증설, 또는 추가 학교신설은 향후 유휴교실 발생의 원인이 되고 있어, 학교신설 과제의 단기적 해법이 아닌 20~30년의 장기적 관점에서 학생수 감소에 대비한 신설학교규모, 형태, 운영에 관한 다양한 해법의 모색이 필요하다. 본 연구는 1기 5개 신도시를 중심으로 이루어졌기 때문에 이를 일반화하는 데는 한계가 있어 전국적인 학생수 변동요인 전반에 걸친 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

이 연구는 코로나 바이러스 감염증-19가 치과적 외상 환자 수에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 수행됐다. 건강보험심사평가원의 보건의료빅데이터개방시스템에서 제공하는 자료를 기준으로 2010년부터 2020년까지 발생한 치과적 외상을 분석하였다. 코로나 바이러스 감염증-19 발생 이후 10만 명당 치과적 외상 발병률은 2017년부터 2019년까지의 평균 발병률에 비해 감소했다. 연령별로는 0 - 4세 5.4%(p = 0.017), 5 - 9세 30.3%(p < 0.001), 10 - 14세 39.5%(p < 0.001), 15 - 19세 14.5%(p = 0.002), 20 - 29세 1.3%, 40 - 49세 0.2%, 50 - 59세 2.7%, 60세 이상 1.2% 감소했으며 30 - 39세는 2.5% 증가했다. 월별 변화로는 코로나 바이러스 감염증-19 신규 확진자의 폭증을 전후로 치과적 외상 환자의 수도 급감했다. 코로나 바이러스 감염증-19 발생 이후 치과적 외상의 발병률은 20세 미만의 연령군에서 유의하게 감소했으나, 20세 이상의 연령군에서는 유의하게 감소하지 않았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.341-351
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• 1991

Dental maturity is one of the index of physiological maturity indicators. To investigate the relationship between dental maturity and chronological age, the author took the orthopantomograms of 984 students, aged 7 through 17 years, having normal occlusion. The orthopantomograms were examined and calcification degree of each tooth on the left side was rated according to the method described by Demirjian. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. The root completion periods of mandibular permanent teeth were as follows; Central Incisor M $8.32{\pm}1.03\;years$ F $7.96{\pm}1.04\;years$ Lateral Incisor M $9.40{\pm}1.30\;years$ F $9.01{\pm}0.90\;years$ Canine M $12.81{\pm}1.24\;years$ F $11.42{\pm}0.94\;years$ 1st Premolar M $12.76{\pm}1.74\;years$ F $12.19{\pm}1.33\;years$ 2nd Premolar M $13.31{\pm}1.88\;years$ F $12.88{\pm}1.49\;years$ 1st Molar M $9.60{\pm}1.69\;years$ F $9.30{\pm}1.16\;years$ 2nd Molar M $14.38{\pm}1.73\;years$ F $13.96{\pm}1.63\;years$ 2. Sexual differences in same age group at given calcification stage were not significant statistically. 3. The developmental order in mandibular permanent teeth was as follows; a) central incisor, b) lateral incisor, c) 1st molar, d) canine and 1st premolar, e) 2nd premolar, f) 2nd molar.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

본 연구 목적은 조절반응량을 측정할 수 있는 양얀개방형 자동굴절검사기(auto-refractometer)를 이용하여 정시안의 실제 조절반응량을 알아보고자 하였다. 나안시력이 1.0 이상이며 등기구면굴절력이 ${\pm}0.50D$ 이하이고, 난시도수가 -0.75D 이하인, 10세부터 59세사이(평균 $25.8{\pm}12.4$) 377안(남 146안, 여 231안)을 10세 간격의 연령군으로 나누어 조절반응량, 원근거리 난시도수와 난시축 변화를 분석하였다. 연령별 조절반응량은 전체 평균은 1.47D, 10대 1.63D, 20대 1.57D, 30대 1.71D, 40대 0.97D, 50대 0.05D로 10대에서 30대까지는 약간 증가를 보였으나, 40대 이상에서 현저한 저하를 보이다가 50대에는 거의 반응하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 성별 차이는 남자는 평균 연령 $26.4{\pm}12.3$에 조절반응량은 1.56D, 여자는 $25.5{\pm}12.5$에 1.43D로 남자가 약간 높게 나타났다. 원근거리에서 난시도수의 변화는 전체 평균은 +0.12D, 10대 +0.06D, 20대 +0.16D, 30대 +0.09D, 40대 +0.05D, 50대 +0.06D, 남자 +0.16D, 여자 +0.09D로 모든 군에서 의미 있는 차이는 없었지만, 원거리보다 근거리에서 모두 군에서 난시가 높게 나타났다. 난시축 변화는 원거리 난시축에 비해 ${\pm}10^{\circ}$ 미만으로 변한 경우가 103안(33%), 시계방향으로 $10^{\circ}$ 이상 회전이 108안(34.6%), 반사계방향으로 $10^{\circ}$ 이상 회전이 101안(32.4%)으로 나타나 근거리에서 난시축의 변화가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 복식
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.74-88
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• 2010

This study investigates the relevance between the subjective age and clothing shopping orientation by adults women located in the cities of Seoul and Gyeonggi. The results are following. First, subjective age was identified with interest age, look age, and physical age. Customers were segmented into following five subdivisions: young activity group, actual age group, young appearance group, physical aging group and youth-oriented group. When the study examined differences between real age and subjective age, the study could see that they perceived themselves younger four years than real age- 50s: 7 years, 40s: 5 years, the latter half of 30s: 2.7 years and the former half of 30s: 1.7 years. Second, clothing shopping orientation was identified with planned shopping orientation, leisure shopping orientation, loyal shopping orientation, economic shopping orientation and convenient shopping orientation. Customers were segmented into following three subdivisions: shopping low-involved group, loyal leisure group and planned leisure oriented group. Third, interest age was of no relevance to clothing shopping orientation. On the other hand, look age had negative correlation with leisure shopping orientation and convenient shopping orientation and physical age had a negative relationship with leisure shopping orientation and loyal shopping orientation but had positive correlation with economic shopping orientation. Fourth, in clothing purchase, clothing purchase answerers who were younger five years than actual age had the highest frequency. It means that they purchase clothing according to subjective age perceived younger four years on average.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2221-2227
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• 2017

Echovirus serotype 30 (ECHO30) has been responsible for several recent worldwide outbreaks of viral meningitis. In Zhejiang Province, China, ECHO30 has been one of the main causes of viral meningitis for years. This study, using phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene, was performed to investigate the general molecular epidemiology and genetic patterns of ECHO30 circulating in Zhejiang Province between the years 2002 and 2015. The nucleotide sequences of ECHO30 VP1 showed that they were 64.8% identical with the prototype strain, Bastianni, while the amino acids were 84.9% identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that ECHO30 in the Zhejiang area has diverged into two genotypes. Genotype I consists of strains isolated since 2002, whereas genotype II includes strains that were mainly isolated during the 2002 to 2004 outbreak. ECHO30 has been endemically circulating in both humans and the environment for a long period of time. Additionally, we evaluated the significance of recombination presented during the years 2005 to 2007 to demonstrate that recombination plays an important role in the prevalence of ECHO30 in the Zhejiang area.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.558-570
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• 2002

This study was performed to develop an index assessing the overall diet quality for Korean. The study subjects consisted of preschool children (PC), elementary school children (EC), high school students (HS), college students (CS), and adults over 30 years old living Seoul and the surrounding areas. The subjects over 30 years old were classified to 30-49 years, 50-69 years, and over 70 years. A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method and data were collected from 2392 people. Newly developed Korean diet quality index (KDQI) was an index assessing the overall diet quality from the view point of balance. KDQI was based on the nutritional problems of Koreans, dietary risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases, 5 major food groups, and dietary guidelines. The ten components of KDQI were vegetables, fruits, dairy products, dietary variety score, calcium intake, iron intake, energy intake, fat intake, and cholesterol intake. The full score of each component was 10 points and the score of KDQI was calculated by summing the scores of the 10 components. When the KDQI was applied to this study subjects, the distribution of subjects KDQI scores was similar to normal distribution. Mean score of KDQI was 56.0 and the range of the mean by age was from 45.7 for the subjects over 70 years old to 60.7 for the elementary school children. The components which composed the lowest three means were dairy intake, fruit intake, Ca intake in most age groups. Mean score of DVS was one of the highest three but not for the subjects over 50 years old. After subjects with KDQI score over 70 were classified to higher poop and those with KDQI score under 40, to lower group, nutritional characteristics were compared. Energy contributions of carbohydrate, proteins, and fit, percentages of RDA for major nutrients, and dietary diversity scores were more adequate in the higher poop than in the lower group. The lower poop had more risks for chronic degenerative diseases. According to the results, KDQI was valid index to assess the overall diet quality and it could be used to detect risk group for malnutrition and chronic degenerative diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The commercial foodservice industry in Korea has shown rapid growth recently. This study examined Korean adults' consumption of commercially-prepared meals based on where the food was prepared. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from a 24-hour dietary recall of the 2001 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. A total of 10,539 subjects (n = 6,152 in 2001; n = 4,387 in 2011) aged 19-64 years were included for analysis. Commercially-prepared meals were classified into four food source groups based on where the food was prepared: Korean restaurants, Chinese/Western/Japanese restaurants, fast-food restaurants, and retail stores. Subjects' energy intake, including the amount and proportion of calories, was examined for each food source. The analysis was also conducted by gender for age-stratified groups: 19-29, 30-49, and 50-64 years old. RESULTS: Korean adults' energy intake from commercially-prepared meals increased in the amount of calories (551 kcal to 635 kcal, P < 0.01), but not in the proportion of daily calories (27% to 28%) from 2001 to 2011. The most frequent food source of commercially-prepared meals was Korean restaurants in both years. The amount and proportion of calories from retail stores increased from 83 kcal to 143 kcal (P < 0.001) and from 4% to 7% (P < 0.001), respectively, during the same period. Males aged 30-49 years (34%) and females aged 19-29 years (35%) consumed the highest proportion of daily calories from commercially-prepared meals in 2011. CONCLUSIONS: Korean adults consumed about one-fourth of their energy intake from commercially-prepared meals. In particular, males aged 30-49 years and females aged 19-29 years consumed more than one-third of their energy intake from commercially-prepared meals. Korean restaurants played a significant role in Korean adults' energy intake. Retail stores increased influence on Korean adults' energy intake. These results could be useful for developing health promotion policies and programs.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 1977