• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2002

Longevities of Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi, ectoparasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) larva. were 23.0, 16.9. and 12.7 days at 20, 25, and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The adults copulated and laid eggs as soon as they emerged at 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$. The total number of eggs laid and the daily oviposition rate were 82.3/3.6, 90.3/6.0, and 95.5/7.8 at the three different constant temperatures. The sex ratios were 0.37,0.43. and 0.43 at 20,25, and 30$^{\circ}C$. respectively. Female oviposited 1.4 eggs near parasitized host larva and the average distance between eggs of H. zilahisebessi andhost larva wre 0.92mm. The instrinsic increase rates(r$\sub$m/) of H. zilahisebessi were 0.12, 0.19 and 0.27, and net reproduction were 31.0, 40.2, and 40.8 at 20,25, and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Female of H. zilahisebessi oviposited mainly on the 3rd larva and sex ratio was 0.42, wheras the ratio was declined to 0.1 on the 1st larva.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1980

This study was to determine the incidence of pulp stone in each tooth by means of analyzing 375 orthopantomograph taken from 375 patients (252 male), 125 female). The pictures were grouped by age, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, and sex. The results were as follows 1. In the group of 20s, male showed the highest incidence in the first molar (40~50%) and the second highest was in the 2nd molar about 35%~50%. In the female group, the first molar and the second molar showed 25%~40%. 2. In the group of 30s, the highest value was found on the first molar and the next was the 2nd molar which appeared 30%~40% in male. In the female, the first molar was 55%~70% and the 2nd molar 30%~50% 3. In the group of 40s, the first molar represented highest value about 45%~60% and the 2nd molar was 40~60% in the male. Female group also showed in the first molar 30%~50% and the second molar 25~30%. 4. In the group of 50s, the highest incidence was 40%~60% on the first molar and next was 35%~50% on the second molar in male, in femalegroup showed 30%~50% on the first molar and 25%~50% on the second molar. 5. The incidence in upper was higher than that of lower. 6. Comparison between right and left showed right was slightly higher than left side.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1983

The authors reared the ash-gray leaf bug, Piesma maculata in the growth cabinet controlled as temperature groups of $15, 20, 25, 30, 40^{\circ}C$under condition of photoperiod 16L:8D, light intensity $510{\pm}240$ lus, relative humidity $65{\pm}3%$, and analyzed the effects of temperature on the development of the insect. The results are summarized as follow: There are highly significant differences the developmental periods for the temperature groups, and between the developmental periods for the developmental stages. The egg in the temperature of 15 and $40^{\circ}C$ was hatched, but the ecdysis was impossible. The thermal threshold was $12.34^{\circ}C$and the upper lethal temperature $40.39^{\circ}C$. The total developmental periods of egg to adulate in the temperature of 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$are 40.52, 22.37, 15.91 and 13.00 days, respectively. That is, the developmental period was decreased, as the temperature was increased. In the developmental period for the developmental stages, the developmental period of egg stage was longer than that of 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, and that of 25。C was longer than that of $35^{\circ}C$. But ther was not significant differences between the developmental periods for the other temperature group. The rate of hatch at$20^{\circ}C$is the greater value as 90%, and the rates of 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ are 79, 79 and 67%, respectively. That is the rate of hatch was decreased, as the temperature was increased. The mortality in the temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ is the greatest value as 68%, and those of 30, 25 and $20^{\circ}C$are 59, 59 and 41%, respectively. That is, the mortality was increased, as the temperature was increased. There was not significantly differences between the developmental period of female and male.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.1 s.42
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• pp.57-65
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• 1980

The oriental tobacco budmoth, Heliothis assulta Guenee were reared under various temperatures; $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ and the control effects of Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$ were examined. The results obtained were as fellows: 1. The adult longevity of oriental tobacco budmoth was 11.35 days, and 3.00 days for preovipositional period, 4.75 days for ovipositional Period, and 3.50 days for postovipositional period. 2. The total number of eggs laid by a female were 307 at $20^{\circ}C$, 413 at $25^{\circ}C$ and 189 at $30^{\circ}C$. The number of eggs per female per day were 64.05 in average. 3. The average egg Periods were 7.71 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 4.12 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 3.58 days at $30^{\circ}C$ and the hatchiabilities were $71.25\%,\;78.49\%\;and\;81.05\%$ at the respective incubation temperatures. 4. The larval developmental periods were 43.51 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 21.79 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 18.05 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and the mortalities were $80.70\%,\;95.93\%$ and $87.01\%$ at the respective temperatures. 5. The pupal developmental periods were 24.22 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 12.36 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 11.50 days at $30^{\circ}C$ and the mortalities at the respective temperatures were $18.18\%,\;42.11\%\;and\;40.00\%$. 6. The calculated threshold temperatures for the development were $11.61^{\circ}C$ for the eggs, $11.96^{\circ}C$ for the larvae, and $10.06^{\circ}C$ for the pupae. The estimated total effective temperatures were 60.41 day degrees for e eggs, 319.35 day degrees for the larvae, 222.66 day degrees for the pupae, and overall total effective temperatures, however, would be ranged 640-660 day degrees if the reproductive period of the adult was considered. 7. The relationship between the overall developmental periods and the rearing temperature could be Y=-4.272X+155.39 (r=0.9105), where Y; number of days required to complete the life cycle, X; treated temperatures. 8. The control effects of Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$ were $73.43\%$ for spray and $58.22\%$ for bait applications.

• Cement Symposium
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• no.30
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.352
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• pp.30-30
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• 2010

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.31 no.25 s.91
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• pp.30-30
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• 2003

• Nuclear industry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.649-660
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• 2006

This study was performed to estimate serum 2S-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level in wintertime and to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-OHD level and associated factors in 50 premenopausal working women aged 30-49 y in Busan. The serum 25-OHD level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Data for physiological characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical activity and nutrient intake was assessed by questionnaire including information about outdoor activity time, daily activity diary and 24hr recall method. The mean vitamin D intake was $4.24{\mu}g$, which corresponded to 84.9% of the Korean RDA. The mean level of serum 25-OHD was 25.7 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD < 7nmol/L) and toxicity $(25-OHD{\geq}75\;nmol/L)$ were not found in the subjects. However, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD < 15 nmol/L) and hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD < 30 nmol/L) were 12% and 60% respectively. The serum 25-OHD level showed positive significant correlations with the duration of outdoor activity per weekdays (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that hypovitaminosis D was common in the subjects in wintertime. So nutritional education for increasing outdoor activities is needed for premenopausal working women to increase vitamin D status in wintertime.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.559-564
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• 1992

To increase the efficency of utilizing cellulosic biomass, a potent xylanase producing bacteria was isolated and identified as Bacillus sp. N-25. Extracellular xylanase from Bacillus sp. N-25 was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-IOO column chromatographies. The xylanase was single fraction on chromatography and was true xylanase without cellulase activity. The enzyme was stable at pH 6-8 and 80% activity was remained at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, but was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$, $Ag^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$. From the fact that the major end product was xylose, we suggested that the enzyme is an exo-xylanase which may be a prime candidate for industrial use.