• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 1996

Methanol extract of dried persimmon leaves was refractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol aqueous fractions. Among these chloroform fraction showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicities of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) and 3,2' -dimethyl-4-amino-bipheny1(DMAB) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Chloroform fraction was further fractionated into eight fractions by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The fraction 5 on TLC exhibited the highest antimutagenic activities in AFB₁and DMAB. 2,4-Decadienal, dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, hexanoic acid 1,4-bis(1-methy1 ethy1)benzene, heptanoic acid, phenol, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid and benzoic acid were tentatively identified from this antimutagenic fraction by GC-MS.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 1991

The anti-mutagenic effect of Orostachys japonicus (OJ) toward aflatoxin (AFB$_{1}$) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the Salmonella assay system was studied. The methanol extract of OJ inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_{1}$ about 97% when 5% of the extract added to the system. Butanol fraction from the methanol extract was the most effective against AFB$_{1}$. However, other fractions of hexane, chloroform, and ethylacetate also showed considerable antimutagenic activity against AFB$_{1}$. Several identified compounds from the fractions of OJ exhibited anti-mutagenic effect. $\beta$-Sitosterol, astragalin and kaempferol-3-rhamnosyl-7-glucoside were selected from the compounds, and these compounds inhibited the mutagenicity dose-dependently. These 3 compounds also decreased the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. From these results, it is suggested that the major compounds such as triterpene, sterol and flavonoid in the OJ were responsible for the inhibition of the AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG-induced mutagenicities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1156-1160
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• 2005

An iridoid glycoside, oldenlandoside III (5) was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb. along with six others previously characterized iridoid glycosides; geniposidic acid (1), scandoside (2), feretoside (3), 10-O-ben-zoylscandoside methyl ester (4), asperulosidic acid (6) and deacetylasperulosidic acid (7). Compounds 1, 2, and 7 inhibited LDL-oxidation, and showed $63.3{\pm}2.0,\;62.2{\pm}1.6,\;and\;63.8{\pm}1.5\%$ inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 20 ${\mu}g/mL$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권2호통권145호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

The butanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa (BAP) induced dose-dependent vascular relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted aorta, which was abolished by removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the endothelium-intact aortic tissues with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[$4,3-{\alpha}$]-quinoxalin-1-one(ODQ) inhibited the relaxation induced by BAP. BAP-induced vascular relaxation was also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamiI, while the relaxant effect of BAP was not blocked by indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolo. In addition, incubation of endothelium-intact aortic rings with BAP increased the vascular production of cGMP. These results suggest that BAP relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway, which may be causally related with L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.955-959
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• 2007

메밀싹을 건조 후 세절하여 70% 에탄올을 가하여 추출한 추출물과 용매의 극성에 따라 분별분리를 행하여 핵산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물 분획물로 조제하여 여섯 가지의 추출물 및 분획물을 얻었다. 이들 시료들에 대하여 항산화활성을 측정한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 $RC_{50}$ 값이 26.1 ${\mu}g/mL$의 강한 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 염색체 유발 물질인 MNNG(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine)를 마우스에 50, 100, 150 그리고 200 mg/kg으로 투여한 경우의 소핵생성은 각각 3.7${\pm}$0.7, 4.3${\pm}$0.6, 12.8${\pm}$0.8 그리고 15.6${\pm}$1.1로써 농도증가에 비례적으로 증가하였으며 대조군에서는 1.4${\pm}$0.5의 소핵생성을 나타내었다. MNNG를 150 mg/kg과 메밀싹 추출물을 각각 10, 20, 40 그리고 80 mg/kg으로 동시에 투여한 경우 각각 23.4, 40.6, 56.3 그리고 73.4%의 소핵생성 억제효과를 나타내었다 . 메밀싹 용매 분획물 실험에서는 핵산, 클로로포름, 에틸 아세테이트, 부탄올 그리고 물 분획물이 시료농도 80 mg／kg의 투여군에서 양성대조군에 비해 각각 64.1, 67.9, 75.8, 74.2 및 63.3%의 소핵생성 억제율을 나타내었다. 따라서 메밀싹은 건강식품으로서의 개발가능성을 가진 매우 유용한 원료임을 알 수 있었고, 추후 이러한 생리활성을 나타내는 부분만을 분리, 정제하여 추가적인 검색 및 활용방안에 대하여 충분한 연구가 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.403-417
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) emission from painting and printing facilities in the Pyeongdong industrial complex in Gwangju. In addition, the objective was to understand the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the ambient air in industrial complexes affected by painting and printing facilities. The painting facility mainly emitted toluene, acetone, butyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, ethylbenzene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The main emission components in printing facilities were methyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-propanol, toluene, heptane, and butyl acetate. Ethyl acetate, toluene, 2-butanone, acetone, butyl acetate, 2-propanol, xylenes, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were detected in the ambient air of the Pyeongdong industrial complex, consistent with the VOCs emitted by painting and printing facilities. The average concentration of seasonal TVOCs followed an order of winter > fall > spring > summer, whereas the concentrations of daytime and nighttime TVOCs were generally higher at night than those during the day, and the wind speed was greater during the day than it was at night. Based on a factor analysis of VOCs in the ambient air of Pyeongdong industrial complex, it is considered that organic solvents used in coating, printing, and electronics manufacturing facilities, as well as diesel vehicle emissions played a major role.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

본 연구는 발아현미와 고추첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 술을 초산발효 시켜 식초를 제조한 후 품질특성을 조사하였다. 초산발효는 고추첨가량을 달리한 발아현미 술을 알코올 농도 6%로 희석하여 초산균을 접종한 후 $30^{\circ}C$, 150 rpm의 속도로 진탕배양기에서 17일간 발효시켰으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. pH는 발효초기 4.27~4.41이었으며 발효가 진행되면서 감소하여 발효말기 pH 3.20~3.59를 나타내었으며, 총산은 발효초기 0.29~0.41%에서 발효가 진행되면서 계속적으로 증가하여 발효말기에 3.68~4.51%를 나타내었다. 초산 발효 후 색도는 L값(명도)은 48.72~76.54이고 a값(적색도)은 0.40~10.24이며 b값(황색도)은 17.86~35.11이었다. 검출된 주요한 향기성분은 ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetic acid이었으며, capsaicin은 발효 전에 0.17~0.26 mg%이었고 발효 후 0.16~029 mg%로 약간 변화하였다. 항산화 활성은 발효 전 48.1~79.1%를 나타냈으나 발효 후 감소하여 38.9~64.9%를 나타내었다. 전반적인 기호도는 대조구에 비해 고추를 첨가한 발아현미 식초가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1996

The antimicrobial activity of mugwort(artemisia asiatica Nakai) was investigated. The methanol extract or dried mugwort was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions. The hexane fraction among these fractions showed the hifhest inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus plantarum. Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were completely inhibited at a concentration of 250, 500 , and 750$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml respectively. The hexane fraction was further fractionated into 16 subfractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The subfraction No. 8, 9, and 10 on TLC exhibited high antimicrnial activity. At 3rd fractionation, subfraction No. 2 inhibited the growth of microorganisms at 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Heptadecane, dodecamethyi cyclohexasiloxane, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, dodecamethul pentasiloxane, coumarin, 5,6,6,6a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone, neophytadiene, tridecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-methyl-4,5-nonadiene, (Z,Z)-9-12-octadecadienoyl chloride, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) were identified from this antimicrobial fraction by GC-MS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

A Nodulisporium sp. (Hypoxylon sp.) has been isolated as an endophyte of Thelypteris angustifolia (Broadleaf Leaf Maiden Fern) in a rainforest region of Central America. It has been identified both on the basis of its morphological characteristics and by scanning electron microscopy as well as ITS sequence analysis. The endophyte produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have both fuel (mycodiesel) and use for biological control of plant disease. When grown on potato dextrose agar, the organism uniquely produces a series of ketones, including acetone; 2-pentanone; 3-hexanone, 4-methyl; 3-hexanone, 2,4-dimethyl; 2-hexanone, 4-methyl, and 5-hepten, 2-one and these account for about 25% of the total VOCs. The most abundant identified VOC was 1,8 cineole, which is commonly detected in this group of organisms. Other prominent VOCs produced by this endophyte include 1-butanol, 2-methyl, and phenylethanol alcohol. Moreover, of interest was the presence of cyclohexane, propyl, which is a common ingredient of diesel fuel. Furthermore, the VOCs of this isolate of Nodulisporium sp. were selectively active against a number of plant pathogens, and upon a 24 h exposure caused death to Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and 100% inhibition to Phytophthora cinnamomi with only slight to no inhibition of the other pathogens that were tested. From this work, it is becoming increasingly apparent that each isolate of this endophytic Nodulisporium spp., including the Daldina sp. and Hypoxylon spp. teleomorphs, seems to produce its own unique set of VOCs.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.874-882
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• 2017

국내 외에서 대기오염에 대한 관심이 점점 증가함에 따라 자동차 및 연료관련 분야의 연구자들은 새로운 엔진설계, 향상된 후처리장치, 청정연료 그리고 연료품질향상을 통해 자동차의 배출가스 감소를 위하여 지속적으로 노력해 왔다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 자동차의 증발가스와 성능, 환경성에 대해 살펴보고자 하였으며, 연료의 옥탄가 향상제로 쓰이는 바이오 에탄올, 바이오 부탄올, 바이오 ETBE (Ethyl Tertia ry Butyl Ether), MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether)가 환경에 미치는 문제점에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 주로 휘발유의 옥탄가 향상제로 쓰이는 바이오 에탄올, 바이오 부탄올, 바이오 ETBE, MTBE가 휘발유 연료 특성 중 증발가스에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았으며, 바이오 연료 특성에 대한 가솔린 자동차의 가속 및 동력 성능을 살펴보았다. 실험결과 증발가스는 최대 1.04g/test로 모든 시험 연료가 국내 배출가스 기준에 부합함을 알 수 있었으며, 원료에 대한 증기압 측정 결과 바이오에탄올 15kPa, 바이오 부탄올 1.6k Pa로 E3급 연료 제조 시 바이오 부탄올 함유량을 늘리면 증기압과 증발가스 또한 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 바이오 연료의 종류에 따라 유사한 가속 및 동력 성능을 나타내었으며, 바이오 부탄올과 바이오 에탄올 비교시 가속 성능이 약 3.9%, 출력은 0.8% 개선되었다.